| 61. |
- Akbari, Parsa, et al.
(författare)
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Sequencing of 640,000 exomes identifies GPR75 variants associated with protection from obesity
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 373:6550
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large-scale human exome sequencing can identify rare protein-coding variants with a large impact on complex traits such as body adiposity. We sequenced the exomes of 645,626 individuals from the United Kingdom, the United States, and Mexico and estimated associations of rare coding variants with body mass index (BMI). We identified 16 genes with an exome-wide significant association with BMI, including those encoding five brain-expressed G protein-coupled receptors (CALCR, MC4R, GIPR, GPR151, and GPR75). Protein-truncating variants in GPR75 were observed in ∼4/10,000 sequenced individuals and were associated with 1.8 kilograms per square meter lower BMI and 54% lower odds of obesity in the heterozygous state. Knock out of Gpr75 in mice resulted in resistance to weight gain and improved glycemic control in a high-fat diet model. Inhibition of GPR75 may provide a therapeutic strategy for obesity.
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| 62. |
- Bai, Ru, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of human enteric adenovirus type 41 (HAdV-F41) from children with gastroenteritis during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
- 2024
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Ingår i: Infection, Genetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier. - 1567-1348 .- 1567-7257. ; 123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human adenovirus type 41 (HAdV-F41) usually causes pediatrics gastroenteritis. However, it was reported to be associated with the outbreaks of severe acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology (SAHUA) in pediatrics during COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of enteric HAdV-F41 in 37,920 paediatric gastroenteritis cases from 2017 to 2022 in Guangzhou, China. All children presented were tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 during the “zero-COVID” period. The main clinical symptom of the children was diarrhea (96.5%). No fatalities nor liver abnormal symptoms was found. In 2021, one year since the pandemic of COVID-19, the prevalence of HAdV-F41 abruptly increased from 3.71% to 8.64% (P < 0.001). All of HAdV-F41 circulating worldwide were classified into eight different subtypes (G1-G8) based on the phylogenetic clustering permutation of the four capsid genes of HAdV-F41. G3 was the predominant subtype (56.2%; 77/137). CRV5 isolates from SAHUA cases belong to this subtype, in which N312D and H335D mutations in the short fiber knob were identified in both Guangzhou and CRV5 isolates, presumably changing the virus tropism by directly interacting with the heparin sulfate (HS) receptor. Additionally, a novel recombinant G6 subtype, which is unique and only circulating in China was first identified in this study. This is the first study highlighting the prevalence of HAdV-F41 in paediatric cases of gastroenteritis during COVID-19 pandemic in China. The clinical and viral evolution finding of HAdV-F41 provide insight into the clinical characteristics of children with HAdV-F41 infections as well as the uncertain role of HAdV-F41 in the cause of SAHUA.
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| 63. |
- Buyanova, Irina, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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On the spin injection in ZnMnSe/ZnCdSe heterostructures
- 2002
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present results from a detailed study of spin injection in thin II-VI wide band gap semiconductor heterostructures by magnetooptical spectroscopy. It is shown that efficient spin alignment can be achieved in a diluted magnetic semiconductor barrier (a layer of ZnMnSe or ZnMnSe/CdSe superlattice) as thin as 10 nm. Rather efficient spin injection from such a thin spin aligner to a non-magnetic quantum well is demonstrated, even when the tunneling energy barrier is as thick as 10 nm. The effect of spin relaxation process on spin injection is also closely examined.
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| 64. |
- Buyanova, Irina, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Tunable laser spectroscopy of spin injection in ZnMnSe/ZnCdSe quantum structures
- 2002
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 81:12, s. 2196-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Magneto-optical spectroscopy in combination with tunable laser excitation is employed to study exciton spin alignment and injection in ZnMnSe/ZnCdSe quantum structures. This approach enables us to selectively create preferred spin orientation and to separately monitor subsequent spin injection from individual spin states, thus shedding light on a possible source of spin loss. It is shown that the limited spin polarization in a nonmagnetic quantum well due to spin injection from a ZnMnSe-based diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) is not caused by a limited degree of spin alignment in the DMS, which is in fact complete, but rather occurs during subsequent processes.
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| 65. |
- Chen, Chaojian, et al.
(författare)
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Exact solutions of the vertical gravitational anomaly for a polyhedral prism with vertical polynomial density contrast of arbitrary orders
- 2018
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Ingår i: Geophysical Journal International. - : Oxford University Press. - 0956-540X .- 1365-246X. ; 214:3, s. 2115-2132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present general closed-form solutions for the vertical gravitational anomaly caused by a polyhedral prism with mass density contrast varying with depth. Our equations are the first ones to implement a polynomial vertical mass density contrast of arbitrary order. Singularities in the gravity field which arise when the observation site is close to or in the anomalous polyhedral prism are removed in our analytic expressions. Therefore, the observation site can be located outside, on the faces of or inside the anomalous mass bodies. A simple prismatic body of anomalous density is adopted to test the accuracy of our newly developed closed-form solution. Cases of constant, linear, quadratic, cubic and quartic polynomial orders of mass density contrast are tested. For cases of constant, linear, quadratic and cubic polynomial orders, the relative errors between our results and other published exact solutions are less than 10(-11)%. For the case of quartic polynomial order, relative errors less than 10(-10)% are obtained between our solutions and those computed by a high-order Gaussian quadrature rule (512 x 512 x 512 = 134 217 728 quadrature points), where our new analytic solution needs significantly less computational time (0.0009 versus 31.106 s). These numerical experiments not only verified the accuracy of our new formula but also demonstrated their potential in computing exact gravity anomalies for complicated mass density distributions in the Earth.
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| 66. |
- Chen, Li-li, et al.
(författare)
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Multilayered polyelectrolyte-coated gold nanorods as multifunctional optical contrast agents for cancer cell imaging
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Zhejiang University: Science B. - 1673-1581. ; 11:6, s. 417-422
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the application of multilayered polyelectrolyte-coated gold nanorods (GNRs) as multifunctional optical contrast agents for cancer cell imaging. The surface modification of GNRs improves their chemical stability and facilitates them to be taken up by cancer cells through electrostatic interaction. The unique longitudinal surface plasmon resonance property of GNRs makes them suitable as both "scattering contrast agents" and "Raman contrast agents". In our experiments, the staining of GNRs in cells was further confirmed by dark field microscopy and Raman microscopy. Our experiment results indicated that GNRs have great potential as multifunctional "optical contrast agents" for future in vivo animal imaging.
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| 67. |
- Chen, Shu-Feng, et al.
(författare)
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An ab initio investigation of the mechanisms of photodissociation in bromobenzene and iodobenzene
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 131:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In concert with the latest experiment of velocity imaging technique [X. P. Zhang et al., ChemPhysChem 9, 1130 (2008)], quantum chemical calculations with relativistic effect were performed on the photodissociation of bromobenzene (BrPh) and iodobenzene (IPh) at 266 nm. The method of multistate second order multiconfigurational perturbation theory in conjunction with spin-orbit interaction through complete active space state interaction was employed to calculate the potential energy curves for the ground and low-lying excited states of BrPh and IPh along their photodissociation reaction coordinates. The dissociation mechanisms with products of X(P-2(3/2)) and X*(P-2(1/2)) (X = Br, I) states were clarified. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3236845]
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| 68. |
- Chen, Shu-Feng, et al.
(författare)
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Chemiluminescence of Coelenterazine and Fluorescence of Coelenteramide : A Systematic Theoretical Study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1549-9618 .- 1549-9626. ; 8:8, s. 2796-2807
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A systematic investigation of the structural and spectroscopic properties of coelenteramide has been performed at the TD-CAM-B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory, including various fluorescence and chemiluminescence states. The influence of geometric conformations, solvent polarity, protonation state, and the covalent character of the O-H bond of the hydroxyphenyl moiety were carefully studied. Striking differences in geometries and electronic structures among the states responsible for light emission were characterized. All fluorescence states can be described as a limited charge transfer process for a planar amide moiety. However, the chemiluminescence state is characterized by a much larger charge transfer that takes place over a longer distance. Moreover, the chemiluminescent coelenteramide structure exhibits an amide moiety that is no longer planar, in agreement with recent, more accurate ab initio results [Roca-Sanjuan et al J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2011, 7, 4060] Because the chemiluminescence state appears to be completely dark, a new mechanism is tentatively introduced for this process.
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| 69. |
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| 70. |
- Chen, Shu-Feng, et al.
(författare)
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Multireference theoretical studies on the solvent effect of firefly multicolor bioluminescence
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Quantum Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 0020-7608 .- 1097-461X. ; 111:13, s. 3371-3377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In concert with the recent spectroscopic studies of the light-color modulation mechanism of firefly (Hirano et al., J Am Chem Soc 2009, 131, 2385), quantum chemical calculations using complete active space SCF (CASSCF), multistate complete active space second order perturbation (MS-CASPT2) theory as well as a time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) approach with the Coulomb attenuated hybrid exchange-correlation functional (CAM-B3LYP) were performed on the excited state (S1) of the keto-form oxyluciferin (keto-OxyLH2). Benzene, DMSO, CH3CN, and H2O were chosen as polar solvents. The polarization effect of less polar solvent was considered by a simple model, complex of keto-OxyLH2, and NH3 with different covalent character. The calculated results supported the experimental conclusion: (1) the light emitter of bioluminescence is the S1 state of keto-OxyLH2 anion [(keto-1)*], and (2) light emission from (keto-1)* is modulated by the polarity of surrounding environment and the degree of covalent character of hydrogen bond between (keto-1)* and a protonated basic moiety. The mechanism of the multicolor bioluminescence was discussed from the theoretical viewpoint.
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