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| 122. |
- Garber, John J., et al.
(författare)
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Increasing incidence of eosinophilic esophagitis in Sweden : a nationwide population study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Esophagus. - : Springer. - 1612-9059 .- 1612-9067. ; 19:4, s. 535-541
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the esophagus associated with dysphagia and esophageal fibrosis. The incidence of EoE is not precisely known, and significant heterogeneity in study design and disease definition have led to widely variable estimates. Through the ESPRESSO (Epidemiology Strengthened by histoPathology Reports in Sweden) study we performed a nationwide population-based study to estimate the incidence and temporal patterns of biopsy-verified EoE.Methods: Between October 2015 and April 2017, we contacted all pathology departments in Sweden (n = 28) to obtain biopsy report data on EoE. To assure a high degree of completeness, we restricted the study to 2004-2015. We then calculated age-specific and age-standardized incidence rates.Results: We identified 1412 incident EoE cases between 2004-2015. The overall age-standardized incidence rates of EoE in Sweden was 1.22 per 100,000 person-years. During the study period, there was a significant increase of 33% [95%CI = 31-36%] (P < 0.001) per year in EoE incidence, and in the last 3 years of follow-up (2013-2015) the incidence was 2.79 per 100,000 person-years. This corresponds to a lifetime risk of biopsy-verified EoE for men of 0.33% (1 in 295 men) and for women 0.12% (1 in 813 women). We observed an early peak of EoE disgnosed at age 15-19 years for both males and females, and a second peak in the late 30 s for males, and early 40 s for females. We noted a 3:1 male-to-female predominance, which did not significantly vary over time.Conclusions: EoE seems to be increasing in Sweden, with an overall age-standardized incidence of EoE of 1.22 per 100,000 person-years in the last decade.
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| 123. |
- Garratt, T. K., et al.
(författare)
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The SCUBA-2 Large eXtragalactic Survey: 850 μm map, catalogue and the bright-end number counts of the XMM-LSS field
- 2023
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Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 520:3, s. 3669-3687
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present 850 μm imaging of the XMM-LSS field observed for 170 h as part of the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope SCUBA-2 Large eXtragalactic Survey (S2LXS). S2LXS XMM-LSS maps an area of 9 deg2, reaching a moderate depth of 1σ 4 mJy beam−1. This is the largest contiguous area of extragalactic sky mapped by James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) at 850 μm to date. The wide area of the S2LXS XMM-LSS survey allows us to probe the ultra-bright (S850μm 15 mJy), yet rare submillimetre population. We present the S2LXS XMM-LSS catalogue, which comprises 40 sources detected at >5σ significance, with deboosted flux densities in the range of 7–48 mJy. We robustly measure the bright-end of the 850 μm number counts at flux densities >7 mJy, reducing the Poisson errors compared to existing measurements. The S2LXS XMM-LSS observed number counts show the characteristic upturn at bright fluxes, expected to be motivated by local sources of submillimetre emission and high-redshift strongly lensed galaxies. We find that the observed 850 μm number counts are best reproduced by model predictions that include either strong lensing or source blending from a 15-arcsec beam, indicating that both may make an important contribution to the observed overabundance of bright single dish 850 μm selected sources. We make the S2LXS XMM-LSS 850 μm map and >5σ catalogue presented here publicly available.
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| 124. |
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| 125. |
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| 126. |
- Kong, H., et al.
(författare)
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Seawater acidification and temperature modulate anti-predator defenses in two co-existing Mytilus species
- 2019
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X. ; 145:August, s. 118-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of short-term (7 days) experimental ocean acidification (−0.4 pH units) and warming (+5 °C) on anti-predator defenses of two sympatric Mytilus species from China, M. coruscus and M. edulis, in the presence and absence of predator cues were investigated. Results suggested species-specific independent negative effects of acidification and warming on the number and weight of byssal threads, the force of thread attachment, and total thread plaque area. Similar negative effects were observed for clustering behaviour, with acidification and warming independently increasing the number of solitary individuals and decreasing the percentage of mussels in clusters. Acidification effects on byssus were strongly exacerbated when predators were present. Ultimately, this study suggests that short-term exposure to experimental warming and acidification can negatively impact anti-predator defense strategies in mussels with potential ramifications for predator-prey interactions and ecological functioning in systems where mussel beds play a key ecological role. © 2019
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| 127. |
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| 128. |
- Lundgren, Anna, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Safety and immunogenicity of an improved oral inactivated multivalent enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) vaccine administered alone and together with dmLT adjuvant in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled Phase I study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-410X. ; 32:52, s. 7077-7084
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We have developed a new oral vaccine against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), which is the most common cause of bacterial diarrhea in children in developing countries and in travelers. Methods: The vaccine was tested for safety and immunogenicity alone and together with double-mutant heat-labile toxin (dmLT) adjuvant in a double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase I study in 129 Swedish adults. The vaccine consists of four inactivated recombinant E. coli strains overexpressing the major ETEC colonization factors (CFs) CFA/I, CS3, CS5, and CS6 mixed with an LT B-subunit related toxoid, LCTBA. Volunteers received two oral doses of vaccine alone, vaccine plus 10 mu g or 25 mu g dmLT or placebo. Secretory IgA antibody responses in fecal samples and IgA responses in secretions from circulating intestine-derived antibody secreting cells were assessed as primary measures of vaccine immunogenicity. Results: The vaccine was safe and well tolerated; adverse events were few and generally mild with no significant differences between subjects receiving placebo or vaccine with or without adjuvant. As many as 74% of subjects receiving vaccine alone and 83% receiving vaccine plus 10 mu g dmLT showed significant mucosal IgA responses to all five primary vaccine antigens and about 90% of all vaccinees responded to at least four of the antigens. Subjects receiving vaccine plus 10 mu g dmLT responded with significantly increased intestine-derived anti-CS6 responses compared to subjects receiving vaccine alone. Conclusions: The vaccine was safe and broadly immunogenic. dmLT further enhanced mucosal immune responses to CF antigens present in low amounts in the vaccine. Based on these encouraging results, the vaccine will be tested for safety and immunogenicity in different age groups including infants in Bangladesh and for protective efficacy in travelers. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
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| 129. |
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| 130. |
- Perez-Escobar, Oscar A., et al.
(författare)
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The origin and speciation of orchids
- 2024
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Ingår i: NEW PHYTOLOGIST. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Orchids constitute one of the most spectacular radiations of flowering plants. However, their origin, spread across the globe, and hotspots of speciation remain uncertain due to the lack of an up-to-date phylogeographic analysis. We present a new Orchidaceae phylogeny based on combined high-throughput and Sanger sequencing data, covering all five subfamilies, 17/22 tribes, 40/49 subtribes, 285/736 genera, and c. 7% (1921) of the 29 524 accepted species, and use it to infer geographic range evolution, diversity, and speciation patterns by adding curated geographical distributions from the World Checklist of Vascular Plants. The orchids' most recent common ancestor is inferred to have lived in Late Cretaceous Laurasia. The modern range of Apostasioideae, which comprises two genera with 16 species from India to northern Australia, is interpreted as relictual, similar to that of numerous other groups that went extinct at higher latitudes following the global climate cooling during the Oligocene. Despite their ancient origin, modern orchid species diversity mainly originated over the last 5 Ma, with the highest speciation rates in Panama and Costa Rica. These results alter our understanding of the geographic origin of orchids, previously proposed as Australian, and pinpoint Central America as a region of recent, explosive speciation.
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