| 61. |
- Gingnell, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Neuroticism-related personality traits are related to symptom severity in patients with premenstrual dysphoric disorder and to the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphism 5-HTTPLPR
- 2010
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Ingår i: Archives of Women's Mental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-1816 .- 1435-1102. ; 13:5, s. 417-423
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuroticism has been linked to a functional polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR), with short-allele carriers being overrepresented among high-scorers on neuroticism. Studies evaluating neuroticism-related personality traits in relation to the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism among patients with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and are lacking. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between PMDD and neuroticism-related personality traits, and secondly, to relate the personality trait scores of PMDD patients to experienced symptom severity and to the 5-HTTLPR short allele. Thirty PMDD patients and 55 asymptomatic healthy controls were included in the study. The Swedish Universities Scale of Personality was used to evaluate personality traits. Genotype analyses were available in 27 PMDD patients and 18 healthy controls. Women with PMDD displayed higher levels of neuroticism-related personality traits (psychic trait anxiety, somatic trait anxiety, embitterment, stress susceptibility and mistrust) than healthy controls, and these effects were most prominent in women with more severe luteal phase symptoms. Furthermore, PMDD patients with at least one copy of the short allele of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism scored higher on psychic trait anxiety and lack of assertiveness than PMDD patients who were homozygous for the long allele. PMDD patients who suffer from more severe luteal phase symptoms also display increased scores of neuroticism-related personality traits in comparison with healthy controls. Within the group of PMDD patients, differences in certain personality trait scores are associated with the short allele of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism.
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| 62. |
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| 63. |
- Granholm, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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The expression of opioid genes in non-classical reward areas depends on early life conditions and ethanol intake
- 2017
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Ingår i: Brain Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-8993 .- 1872-6240. ; 1668, s. 36-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The young brain is highly sensitive to environmental influences that can cause long-term changes in neuronal function, possibly through altered gene expression. The endogenous opioid system continues to mature after birth and because of its involvement in reward, an inadequate maturation of this system could lead to enhanced susceptibility for alcohol use disorder. Recent studies show that the classical reward areas nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area are less affected by early life stress whereas endogenous opioids in non-classical areas, e.g. dorsal striatum and amygdala, are highly responsive. The aim was to investigate the interaction between early life conditions and adult voluntary ethanol intake on opioid gene expression. Male Wistar rats were exposed to conventional rearing, 15, or 360min of daily maternal separation (MS) postnatal day 1-21, and randomly assigned to ethanol or water drinking postnatal week 10-16. Rats exposed to early life stress (MS360) had increased opioid receptor gene (Oprm1, Oprd1 and Oprk1) expression in the dorsal striatum. Ethanol drinking was associated with lower striatal Oprd1 and Oprk1 expression solely in rats exposed to early life stress. Furthermore, rats exposed to early life stress had high inherent Pomc expression in the amygdala but low expression after ethanol intake. Thus, adverse events early in life induced changes in opioid gene expression and also influenced the central molecular response to ethanol intake. These long-term consequences of early life stress can contribute to the enhanced risk for excessive ethanol intake and alcohol use disorder seen after exposure to childhood adversity.
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| 64. |
- Gu, Xuan, et al.
(författare)
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White matter microstructure and volume correlates of premenstrual dysphoric disorder
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience. - : Canadian Medical Association. - 1180-4882 .- 1488-2434. ; 47:1, s. E67-E76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a mood disorder characterized by psychological and physical symptoms. Differences in white matter have been associated with affective and anxiety disorders, which share some symptoms with PMDD. However, whether white matter structure differs between the brains of individuals with PMDD and healthy controls is not known, nor is its relation to symptom severity.METHODS: We performed tract-based spatial statistics and voxel-based morphometry analyses of diffusion tensor imaging metrics and white matter volume, using 2 neuroimaging data sets (n = 67 and n = 131) and a combined whole-brain and region-of-interest approach. We performed correlation analyses to investigate the relationship between regions with different white matter microstructure and volume and PMDD symptom severity.RESULTS: We found greater fractional anisotropy in the left uncinate fasciculus (d = 0.69) in individuals with PMDD compared to controls. Moreover, the volume of the right uncinate fasciculus was higher in individuals with PMDD compared to controls (d = 0.40). As well, the severity of premenstrual depression was positively correlated with fractional anisotropy in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus (r = 0.35).LIMITATIONS: It is challenging to interpret group differences in diffusion tensor imaging metrics in terms of their underlying biophysical properties. The small size of the control group in the diffusion tensor imaging study may have prevented effects of interest from being detected.CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study provide evidence of differential cerebral white matter structure associated with PMDD and its symptoms.
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| 65. |
- Hannerfors, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors during pregnancy is associated with elevated corticotropin-releasing hormone levels
- 2015
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Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 58, s. 104-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) has been associated with an increased risk of preterm birth, but causality remains unclear. While placental CRH production is correlated with gestational length and preterm birth, it has been difficult to establish if psychological stress or mental health problems are associated with increased CRH levels. This study compared second trimester CRH serum concentrations in pregnant women on SSRI treatment (n=207) with untreated depressed women (n=56) and controls (n=609). A secondary aim was to investigate the combined effect of SSRI treatment and CRH levels on gestational length and risk for preterm birth. Women on SSRI treatment had significantly higher second trimester CRH levels than controls, and untreated depressed women. CRH levels and SSRI treatment were independently associated with shorter gestational length. The combined effect of SSRI treatment and high CRH levels yielded the highest risk estimate for preterm birth. SSRI treatment during pregnancy is associated with increased CRH levels. However, the elevated risk for preterm birth in SSRI users appear not to be mediated by increased placental CRH production, instead CRH appear as an independent risk factor for shorter gestational length and preterm birth.
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| 66. |
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| 67. |
- Harro, Jaanus, et al.
(författare)
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Personality and the serotonin transporter gene : Associations in a longitudinal population-based study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Biological Psychology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-0511 .- 1873-6246. ; 81:1, s. 9-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Associations between the promoter polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) and anxiety-related personality traits in healthy adult subjects have been inconsistent. We assessed personality in participants of the Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study, using parental reports and self-reports. In the younger cohort, according to parental assessments at ages 9 and 15, children homozygous for the S allele had significantly higher scores of Neuroticism and lower scores of Openness, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. Parental assessment of the older cohort at ages 15 and 18 did not yield any genotype effect on personality; however, interaction of cohort and genotype was not significant. According to self-reports, SS homozygotes had higher Neuroticism at age 15 but not at age 18. Thus, homozygocity for the S allele of the 5-HTTLPR is related to anxiety-related personality traits in general population, but this is easier to detect before adolescence.
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| 68. |
- Hellgren, Charlotte, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Allopregnanolone levels and depressive symptoms during pregnancy in relation to single nucleotide polymorphisms in the allopregnanolone synthesis pathway
- 2017
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Ingår i: Hormones and Behavior. - : Elsevier. - 0018-506X .- 1095-6867. ; 94, s. 106-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Allopregnanolone, a neurosteroid whose levels rise throughout gestation, putatively stabilizes antenatal mood. The present study aimed to investigate associations of plasma allopregnanolone to antenatal depressive symptoms, as well as to genetic and obstetric factors. Allopregnanolone plasma levels from 284 pregnant women were measured around gestational week 18. Haplotype tag single nucleotide polymorphisms in the aldo-keto reductase family 1, members C2 and C4 (AKR1C2, AKR1C4), and steroid 5 alpha-reductase 1 and 2 (SRD5A1, and SRD5A2) genes were genotyped in a larger sample of pregnant women (n=1351). The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was administered via web-questionnaires in gestational weeks 17 and 32. Demographic and obstetric data was retrieved from web-questionnaires and medical records. There was no association between allopregnanolone levels and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, no associations between allopregnanolone level and synthesis pathway genotypes were found after accounting for multiple comparisons. However, exploratory analyses suggested that the women who were homozygous for the minor allele of the AKR1C2 polymorphism rs1937863 had nominally lower allopregnanolone levels and lower depression scores in gestational week 17, but also the highest increase in depression scores between week 17 and 32. Additionally, higher body mass index was associated with lower allopregnanolone levels. The results do not support second trimester plasma allopregnanolone as a mood stabilizing factor. However, we speculate that AKR1C2 variation may alter the susceptibility to depressive symptoms through effects on central allopregnanolone synthesis. Another implication of this study is that the relationship between neuroactive steroids and obesity in pregnancy deserves to be investigated.
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| 69. |
- Höflich, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Neuropsychiatric deep brain stimulation for translational neuroimaging
- 2013
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Ingår i: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1053-8119 .- 1095-9572. ; 79:1, s. 30-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From a neuroimaging point of view, deep brain stimulation (DBS) in psychiatric disorders represents a unique source of information to probe results gained in functional, structural and molecular neuroimaging studies in vivo. However, the implementation has, up to now, been restricted by the heterogeneity of the data reported in DBS studies. The aim of the present study was therefore to provide a comprehensive and standardized database of currently used DBS targets in selected psychiatric disorders (obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), treatment-resistant depression (TRD), Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS)) to enable topological comparisons between neuroimaging results and stimulation areas. A systematic literature research was performed and all peer-reviewed publications until the year 2012 were included. Literature research yielded a total of 84 peer-reviewed studies including about 296 psychiatric patients. The individual stimulation data of 37 of these studies meeting the inclusion criteria which included a total of 202 patients (63 OCD, 89 TRD, 50 GTS) was translated into MNI stereotactic space with respect to AC origin in order to identify key targets.The created database can be used to compare DBS target areas in MNI stereotactic coordinates with: 1) activation patterns in functional brain imaging (fMRI, phfMRI, PET, MET, EEG); 2) brain connectivity data (e.g., MR-based DTI/tractography, functional and effective connectivity); 3) quantitative molecular distribution data (e.g., neuroreceptor PET, post-mortem neuroreceptor mapping); 4) structural data (e.g., VBM for neuroplastic changes). Vice versa, the structural, functional and molecular data may provide a rationale to define new DBS targets and adjust/fine-tune currently used targets in DBS based on this overview in stereotactic coordinates. Furthermore, the availability of DBS data in stereotactic space may facilitate the investigation and interpretation of treatment effects and side effect of DBS by comparing these to neuroimaging results. The present study thus improves comparability between functional, structural and molecular data in standard stereotactic space gained in neuroimaging studies with surgical targets for DBS, which is among other possible implications of crucial importance for the definition of new targets for effective DBS.
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| 70. |
- Iliadis, Stavros I, et al.
(författare)
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Association between a single nucleotide polymorphism in the hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 1 gene and postpartum depression symptoms: the role of neuroticism
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BackgroundPostpartum depression is a common psychiatric disorder and numerous studies have assessed its association with psychosocial and biological factors. However, the contribution of genetic factors remains largely unknown. A dysregulated hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and neuroticism associate with depressive symptoms after childbirth. A common genetic variant in the hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 1 gene (HSD11B1), a component of the HPA-axis, has been recently associated with postpartum depressive symptoms. AimTo examine the association between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs12565406 in HSD11B1 and neuroticism, as well as the possible mediatory role of neuroticism in the association between the polymorphism and postpartum depressive symptoms. Materials and MethodsThe present study was conducted as part of the BASIC-project and included 771 women. Self-administered questionnaires were sent to study participants, containing the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at six weeks postpartum and questions on demographic variables at pregnancy week 17 and 32 and at six weeks postpartum, as well as the Swedish universities Scale of Personality (SSP) at pregnancy week 32. Blood samples for genetic analyses were collected. ResultsSixty-five women (8.6%) reported depressive symptoms six weeks postpartum. Study subjects with EPDS ≥ 12 had higher scores on neuroticism compared to controls. Women who were homozygous for the major allele (GG) presented with higher EPDS score postpartum and scored higher in neuroticism, compared to T carriers. Linear regression models with log transformed EPDS score as the dependent variable and the rs12565406 genotype (GG vs. TG/TT) as the independent variable showed an association between the GG genotype and depressive symptoms. When neuroticism was introduced in the model, it was associated with EPDS score, whereas the association between the GG genotype and EPDS became borderline significant. Results were unaltered after adjustment for possible confounders. A path analysis on these variables revealed that neuroticism had a mediatory role in the association between the SNP and EPDS score. ConclusionsNeuroticism had a mediatory role in the association between the HSD11B1 rs12565406 SNP and postpartum depression. Future studies are needed to ascertain whether neuroticism can be used as an easily assessed intermediate phenotype that can reflect the genetic risk of PPD.
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