71. |
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72. |
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73. |
- Villalobos, Laura, et al.
(författare)
-
Has forest certification reduced forest degradation in Sweden?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Land Economics. - : University of Wisconsin Press. - 0023-7639 .- 1543-8325. ; 94:2, s. 220-238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper estimates the effects of certification of nonindustrial private forest owners on forest degradation in Sweden-one of the countries with the largest total area of certified forests. We rely on official forest inventory data, information on certification status, and impact evaluation methods to identify the causal effect of certification on three key environmental outcomes. We find that certification has not halted forest degradation in that it has not improved any of the environmental outcomes. Moreover, for forest certification to have an effect, the standards should be tightened and the monitoring and enforcement of forest certification schemes strengthened.
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74. |
- Villalobos, Laura, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
Has Forest Certification Reduced Forest Degradation in Sweden?
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Land Economics. - 0023-7639 .- 1543-8325. ; 94:2, s. 220-238
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper estimates the effects of certification of non-industrial private forest owners on forest degradation in Sweden – one of the countries with the largest total area of certified forests. We rely on official forest inventory data, information on certification status, and impact evaluation methods to identify the causal effect of certification on three key environmental outcomes. We find that certification has not halted forest degradation in that it has not improved any of the environmental outcomes. Moreover, for forest certification to have an effect, the standards should be tightened and the monitoring and enforcement of forest certification schemes strengthened.This paper estimates the effects of certification of non-industrial private forest owners on forest degradation in Sweden – one of the countries with the largest total area of certified forests. We rely on official forest inventory data, information on certification status, and impact evaluation methods to identify the causal effect of certification on three key environmental outcomes. We find that certification has not halted forest degradation in that it has not improved any of the environmental outcomes. Moreover, for forest certification to have an effect, the standards should be tightened and the monitoring and enforcement of forest certification schemes strengthened.
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75. |
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76. |
- Villegas Palacio, Clara, 1974, et al.
(författare)
-
Taxes, Permits and the Adoption of Abatement Technology under Imperfect Compliance
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper analyzes the effects of the choice between price-based and quantity-based emission regulations on compliance incentives and social welfare in the presence of incomplete enforcement and technology adoption. We show that in contrast to taxes, the extent of violations under tradable emission permits (TEPs) decreases with the rate of technology adoption. However, in terms of welfare, the ranking of the instruments is not so straightforward: taxes induce lower emission damages while TEPs induce lower abatement, investment, and expected enforcement costs. Thereby, the overall ranking depends on the extent to which these effects offset each other.
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