| 21. |
- Castro, Daniela, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Chilenska arbetsterapeuters erfarenheter av kultur - ur ett personligt och professionellt perspektiv
- 2015
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Ingår i: Arbetsterapiforum. 15-16 april 2015. Göteborg, Sverige..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bakgrund: Intresset för kultur har ökat inom det arbetsterapeutiska fältet i sista år. Det finns en brist på kunskap om hur kulturen erfars av arbetsterapeuter utanför de dominerande regionerna i professionell utveckling. Syfte: Att öka förståelsen för hur Chilenska arbetsterapeuter erfar kultur både ur ett personligt och professionellt perspektiv, och hur kultur tar sig i uttryckt i deras arbete Metod: En kvalitativ metod används, och data analyseras med Content Analysis. Prel. Resultat: Kultur erfar som en kontinuerlig och pågående förhandling mellan arbetsterapeuternas personliga och professionella kulturer, och deras klienter och dess omgivande kontextuella kultur. Erfarenheter av kulturen är komplexa, kaotiska, och mycket kontextberoende. Slutsats: Kulturellt relevanta metoder krävs i arbetsterapi. Kulturella barriärer visas även om avståndet mellan utövare och klienter den uppfattas som inte bred. Studien öppnar för möjligheten att vidare undersöka hur olika aktörer med anknytning till arbetsterapeutiska interventioner upplever kultur i olika sammanhang av metoder i Chile.
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| 22. |
- Castro, Daniela, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a Cultural Awareness Scale for Occupational Therapy Students in Latin America: A Qualitative Delphi study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : Wiley. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 23:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cultural awareness is a key issue in health care worldwide. Valid and reliable assessments are needed to assess cultural awareness for occupational therapy students. The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to assess cultural awareness for Latin American occupational therapy students. A Delphi design was implemented considering four rounds with experts from four countries. A 30-item scale in Spanish was developed to assess three categories of items: personal, therapeutic strategies and persons’ cultures. The experts highlighted local features for professional practice as a key aspect of the scale. Local differences in practice were considered with the profession’s traditions and prevailing knowledge across the scale. A participatory strategy and an international group of experts enriched the cultural relevance. A subsequent study of statistical reliability is required (the scale is not presented in an extended version here). Further research should consider the application of the scale and strategies to improve cultural awareness across the curricula.
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| 23. |
- Castro, Daniela, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Feeling like a stranger: negotiations with culture as experienced by Chilean occupational therapists
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 23:6, s. 425-436
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Although occupational therapy has begun to focus on the subject of culture, few studies have examined how occupational therapists outside the English-speaking countries reflect on it. Aim To explore how Chilean occupational therapists reflect on their personal and professional experiences in regard to the complexity of culture, and its different understandings and expressions. Methods This qualitative study uses content analysis to establish common trends in participants’ experiences. A validation phase and data triangulation were implemented to ensure trustworthiness. Results Culture is experienced as a continuous negotiation in personal and professional terms. One central theme, ‘negotiating through the dynamism of culture’, and three categories, ‘dealing with power’, ‘understanding local and global identities’, and ‘crossing the boundaries into the client’s land’, emerged. These experiences are complex, chaotic, and highly context-dependent. Discussion During therapeutic encounters, practitioners and clients may experience cultural barriers even if their differences are not obvious in cultural terms. As a result of this finding, we recommend the inclusion of culture and cultural issues in professional training. The impact of a multicultural research team is discussed. Future research should explore how the construct of culture is introduced in occupational therapy professional training in Chile.
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| 24. |
- Castro, Daniela, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Kultur i arbetsterapeutisk teori och praktik: En litteraturstudie
- 2013
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Ingår i: At-FORUM 2013, 24-25 April 2013, Stockholm, Sverige.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bakgrund: I den arbetsterapeutiska litteraturen beskrivs sedan länge begreppet kultur på olika sätt och i olika dimensioner På senare tiden har en fokus legat på att förklara hur aktiviteter och individer ingår som en del i ett socialt sammanhang. Några författare har påvisat ett behov att begreppsliggöra arbetsterapi som en äkta klientcentrerad disciplin där samhället (med mångfalden som en kärnfråga bland kulturer) betraktas som en egen aktör med egna behov och möjligheter till förändring. I en sådan omvärdering är det angeläget att utveckla teoretiska ansatser som betonar kulturell mångfald. Syfte: Att identifiera och förstå innebörden i begreppet kultur (och tillhörande konstruktioner) så som arbetsterapeuter använder eller uttrycker det i den vetenskapliga litteraturen. Tillvägagångssätt och analys: Studien är en integrativ litteraturstudie med utgång i vetenskapliga artiklar publicerade mellan åren 2006 och 2011 i indexerade tidskrifter. Analysen består av en övergripande kartläggning och kategorisering av de olika slag eller konstruktioner som är kopplade till begreppet kultur (mångfald, kompetens, organisatoriska, etnicitet osv.) samt hur dessa används för att förbättra praxis och teoriutveckling. Resultat/förväntat resultat: Studien är pågående. Den förväntade betydelsen av studien är att kunna påvisa olika uppfattningar om kultur inom disciplinen arbetsterapi och att främja implementering av kulturfokuserad teori och praktik som riktas direkt mot meningen och betydelsen av aktiviteter i samhället.
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| 25. |
- Castro, Daniela, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational therapy and culture: a literature review
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 21:6, s. 401-414
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Occupational therapy has culture as a relevant phenomenon of interest. Culture appears increasingly often in occupational therapy research, from diverse approaches and foci. As culture is difficult to define, and has political and ethical implications, an investigation into its usage is warranted. Aim: To identify and describe how culture as a broad phenomenon is expressed in OT research published between 2006 and 2011, regarding knowledge development in the discipline and its impact on practice. Methods: A qualitative study was carried out, using an integrative literature review. Thirty-nine studies in English were included. Results: From the analysis, two dimensions concerning expressions of culture emerged: “culture is alive” and “occupational therapy as a culture”. Aside from these dimensions, a group of forces that have an impact on these dimensions is described. Conclusions: In its understanding of expressions of culture, occupational therapy stands at a crossroads between traditional and critical approaches. A lack of critical insight into professional knowledge increases the risk that occupational therapy will remain satisfied with the current understanding of culture, based on the dominant knowledge. The discipline could fail to address the political, ethical, and theoretical issues required to reach the targeted diversity in its practice.
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| 26. |
- Castro, Daniela, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational therapy and culture: a literature review
- 2014
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Ingår i: 16th International Congress of the World Federation of Occupational Therapists, 18-21 Juni 2014, Yokohama, Japan.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Culture and cultural issues appear increasingly often in research in the field of occupational therapy, reflecting both a growing interest in cultural diversity and a critical reflection on the culture of the discipline and its practices. As the term is difficult to define and has political and ethical implications, an investigation into its usage is warranted. Objectives: To identify and describe how “culture” has been used in occupational therapy research (2006-2011). Methods: A qualitative study has been carried out using an integrative literature review. 39 studies were included. Results: Two main categories emerged in the analysis. First one, expresses the multidimensional quality of culture, from the visible to invisible aspects; the importance of the cultural aspects to determine identity and membership to social groups; as well as temporal aspects. Second category, presents Occupational Therapy’s culture, from its theories to practice, as well as diverse paradoxes and gaps across the discipline. Conclusion: The meaning of what culture is for the profession has been contested, and there is a lack of agreement on their usage among researchers, given the strong western influences over its theoretical development. By approaching this issue critically, it is possible to gain a better perspective on culture as a complex phenomenon inside the discipline. Lack of critical insight increases the risk that occupational therapy remains satisfied with the current understanding of culture, correlated with the dominant western discourse, and fails to address urgent political, ethical and theoretical issues. Contribution to Occupational Therapy: Culture is a very complex phenomenon in occupational therapy. The study offers a critical approach over it, as a core concept for the discipline, considering the close relationship with occupation. If unequal power distribution in knowledge development worldwide is not addressed, political, ethical and theoretical issues will have a pervasive effect on the discipline.
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| 27. |
- Cederfeldt, Marie, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Concurrent validity of the Executive Function Performance Test in people with mild stroke
- 2011
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Ingår i: The British Journal of Occupational Therapy. - 0308-0226 .- 1477-6006. ; 74:9, s. 443-449
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Studies have shown that executive dysfunction is common in adults after stroke. Occupational therapists working in acute care assess the performance of activities of daily living; most instruments focus on personal care. However, the assessment of instrumental activities of daily living has been shown to discriminate executive dysfunction more effectively. An instrument for assessing executive dysfunction in more complex activities that is easy to handle in acute care is consequently required for clinical use. The Executive Function Performance Test (EFPT) was recently introduced into Sweden. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concurrent validity of the EFPT in acute care for patients with mild stroke. Method: Twenty-three patients from an acute stroke unit were assessed with both the EFPT and the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS). Results: The correlation between the EFPT and the AMPS assessments was highly significant (p = 0.003) and the concurrent validity was rho = 0.61. Conclusion: Since there is a risk that adult patients with mild stroke are discharged without rehabilitation, and there is a lack of a relevant instrument for occupational therapists that discriminates executive dysfunction in acute stroke care, the EFPT may be a suitable instrument to use with these patients.
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| 28. |
- Claesson, Lisbeth, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of visual acuity charts identifying visual impairment among older people outside the eye clinic
- 2013
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 35:16, s. 1394-1400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Evaluate the construct validity and describe sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of two short charts of visual acuity (VA) and examine whether these can identify and detect signs of visual impairment among older people. Method: The study included 43 persons, >65 years, with age related eye disease, living in their own homes. An ophthalmologist assessed the individuals' VA at an eye clinic with the 5 m KM chart. A research assistant assessed individuals' VA by the 1 m KM chart and the Visual Acuity Screening Test in their home environment. Results: All persons with a VA level of <0.5 were correctly identified by both instruments. The instruments have good positive and negative predictive values for the 1 m KM chart (73% and 100%) and for the Visual Acuity Screening Test (69% and 100%). The construct validity between the instruments was good, but the assessment at the eye clinic assessed the participants as having higher VA level. Conclusions: Both instruments have good construct validity, considering they were carried out in poorer lighting conditions and a good predictive value for screening out VA levels <0.5. The 1 m KM chart showed the best agreement with the 5 m KM chart.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Copolillo, Al, et al.
(författare)
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Assistive technology and home modification for people with neurovisual deficits
- 2011
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Ingår i: NeuroRehabilitation. - 1053-8135. ; 28:3, s. 211-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- People with neurovisual deficits from acquired brain injuries and other neurological disabilities can benefit from the array of assistive technologies and home modifications available to the larger vision impairment population, especially when symptoms are mild and associated neurological conditions are few. Optics, proper lighting, and magnification to increase the perceived size of both objects and reading material and to improve contrast sensitivity have been shown to be beneficial. Innovative technologies, universally designed for safe independent living and community participation are gradually developing and show promise for addressing the needs of this population. This article highlights technologies that may be useful for people with neurovisual deficits and describes the evidence to support their training and use. The use of various types of eyewear to reduce falls; prisms and telescopic lenses to improve visual attention and minimize the impact of visual field deficits; and technologies to improve computer use, wayfinding, and home safety are discussed. While there remains substantial need for further research and development focusing on the needs of people with vision impairments from neurological conditions, practitioners can use technology with caution to improve functional outcomes
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