| 151. |
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| 152. |
- Kifle, Mengistu, et al.
(författare)
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Interplay of cost and adoption of tele-medicine in Sub-Saharan Africa : The case of tele-cardiology in Ethiopia
- 2006
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Ingår i: Information Systems Frontiers. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1387-3326 .- 1572-9419. ; 8:3, s. 211-223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ...the barriers to diffusion of Tele-Medicine are not entirely technical. Cost has to simultaneously satisfy a number of stakeholders... (Anderson, Aydin and Jay, et al., 1994).Rising costs of the provision of healthcare have been a major issue for debate in both developing and developed countries. This is especially true of very capitalistic societies such as the United States where privatization of the healthcare sector has left many with little or no affordable healthcare. The situation is even worse in developing economies. Developing countries deal with various problems in the provision of health services and healthcare Tan et al. (E-medicine diffusion: E-medicine in Developed and Developing countries. Chapter 8 in E-health paradigm shift: Perspectives, domains and challenges. In Tan J. (Ed.), Imprint of Wiley, New York, Jossey-Bass, 2005). Some of these problems include acute shortages of healthcare professionals and medical facilities Mbarika et al. (Journal of the Association for Information Systems (JAIS) 2005;6(5):130-170). Such shortages have resulted in growing numbers of middle to upper-class citizens of developing countries traveling abroad to seek necessary health services. Using a multi-method case study research, this paper examines the role of Tele-Medicine in the healthcare system and analyzes the costs and benefits of introducing Tele-Cardiology services in Ethiopia (a Sub-Saharan African country). This is a cost comparison study for the treatment of cardiac patients traveling abroad versus patients treated via Tele-Cardiology. Our findings show that Tele-Cardiology is clinically more feasible and more cost effective compared to patients traveling abroad for treatment.
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| 153. |
- Kifle, Mengistu, et al.
(författare)
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Telemedicine in sub-Saharan Africa : The case of teleophthalmology and eye care in Ethiopia
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of The American Society For Information Science And Technology. - : Wiley. - 1532-2882 .- 1532-2890. ; 57:10, s. 1383-1393
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The authors examine the need and adoption of teleophthalmology in sub-Saharan Africa. Ethiopia, like most sub-Saharan African countries, is faced with limited specialists and health care services. These services are often concentrated in the urban areas, leaving most of the rural population (about 70% of the country) without adequate and timely health care delivery. In Ethiopia, the ratio of ophthalmologists to the population is 1:1,200,000, resulting in inadequate delivery of ophthalmology-related health care services. Using both primary and secondary data collection approaches, the authors report the need for telemedicine as well as the adoption and application of teleophthalmology in Ethiopia. Further, they present Ethiopia's teleophthalmology network, integrated teleconsultation, and teleeducation services. The authors conclude by presenting this research as a starting point to investigate further teleophthalmology and other telemedicine services for Ethiopia and by extension, other developing countries. Therefore, they bring a much-underresearched region (sub-Saharan Africa) and a much-underresearched technology (telemedicine) to the forefront of information systems (IS) research. It is the authors' hope that colleagues in the field will be motivated to investigate this '' forgotten '' region of the world that is yet to reap the full potentials of information and communications technologies (ICTs).
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| 154. |
- Kim, Seonmyeong, et al.
(författare)
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Observing ice structure of micron-sized vapor-deposited ice with an x-ray free-electron laser
- 2023
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Ingår i: Structural Dynamics. - : AIP Publishing. - 2329-7778. ; 10:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The direct observation of the structure of micrometer-sized vapor-deposited ice is performed at Pohang Accelerator Laboratory x-ray free electron laser (PAL-XFEL). The formation of micrometer-sized ice crystals and their structure is important in various fields, including atmospheric science, cryobiology, and astrophysics, but understanding the structure of micrometer-sized ice crystals remains challenging due to the lack of direct observation. Using intense x-ray diffraction from PAL-XFEL, we could observe the structure of micrometer-sized vapor-deposited ice below 150 K with a thickness of 2-50 μm grown in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber. The structure of the ice grown comprises cubic and hexagonal sequences that are randomly arranged to produce a stacking-disordered ice. We observed that ice with a high cubicity of more than 80% was transformed to partially oriented hexagonal ice when the thickness of the ice deposition grew beyond 5 μm. This suggests that precise temperature control and clean deposition conditions allow μm-thick ice films with high cubicity to be grown on hydrophilic Si3N4 membranes. The low influence of impurities could enable in situ diffraction experiments of ice nucleation and growth from interfacial layers to bulk ice.
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| 155. |
- Kumar, Parveen, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Varying Glucose Concentrations during In Vitro Maturation and Embryo Culture on Efficiency of In Vitro Embryo Production in Buffalo.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene. - : Wiley. - 1439-0531 .- 0936-6768. ; 47, s. 269-273
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was aimed to optimize glucose level at different stages of buffalo in vitro embryo production procedure. Three glucose levels (1.5, 5.6 and 10 mm) along with a control (0 mm) were used at three phases of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) procedure viz. in vitro maturation (IVM), in vitro culture (IVC-I) (12-72 hpi) and IVC-II (72 hpi to 7 dpi). Maturation rate of oocytes was found different under different glucose concentrations, and significantly more number of oocytes reached to MII under 5.6 mm glucose. The glucose levels at each phase (IVM, IVC-I and IVC-II) individually had significant effect on blastocyst rate, and the level used at one phase had significant effect on the outcome of next phase. Complete withdrawal of glucose from any of these stages irrespective of concentrations used at subsequent stage/s resulted in significantly lower number of blastocysts. However, the changing levels of glucose had differential effects during different phases of IVF steps. The most prominent effect of glucose level was observed during IVM. The presence of 5.6 mm glucose at all stages was most effective to yield highest blastocyst rate in buffalo IVF system.
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| 156. |
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| 157. |
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| 158. |
- Nag, S., et al.
(författare)
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Development of 11C-Labeled ASEM Analogues for the Detection of Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (α7-nAChR)
- 2022
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Ingår i: ACS Chemical Neuroscience. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-7193. ; 13:3, s. 352-362
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The homo-pentameric alpha 7 receptor is one of the major types of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7-nAChRs) related to cognition, memory formation, and attention processing. The mapping of α7-nAChRs by PET pulls a lot of attention to realize the mechanism and development of CNS diseases such as AD, PD, and schizophrenia. Several PET radioligands have been explored for the detection of the α7-nAChR. 18F-ASEM is the most functional for in vivo quantification of α7-nAChRs in the human brain. The first aim of this study was to initially use results from in silico and machine learning techniques to prescreen and predict the binding energy and other properties of ASEM analogues and to interpret these properties in terms of atomic structures using 18F-ASEM as a lead structure, and second, to label some selected candidates with carbon-11/hydrogen-3 (11C/3H) and to evaluate the binding properties in vitro and in vivo using the labeled candidates. In silico predictions are obtained from perturbation free-energy calculations preceded by molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and metadynamics simulations. Machine learning techniques have been applied for the BBB and P-gp-binding properties. Six analogues of ASEM were labeled with 11C, and three of them were additionally labeled with 3H. Binding properties were further evaluated using autoradiography (ARG) and PET measurements in non-human primates (NHPs). Radiometabolites were measured in NHP plasma. All six compounds were successfully synthesized. Evaluation with ARG showed that 11C-Kln83 was preferably binding to the α7-nAChR. Competition studies showed that 80% of the total binding was displaced. Further ARG studies using 3H-KIn-83 replicated the preliminary results. In the NHP PET study, the distribution pattern of 11C-KIn-83 was similar to other α7 nAChR PET tracers. The brain uptake was relatively low and increased by the administration of tariquidar, indicating a substrate of P-gp. The ASEM blocking study showed that 11C-KIn-83 specifically binds to α7 nAChRs. Preliminary in vitro evaluation of KIn-83 by ARG with both 11C and 3H and in vivo evaluation in NHP showed favorable properties for selectively imaging α7-nAChRs, despite a relatively low brain uptake.
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| 159. |
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| 160. |
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