| 691. |
- Wilson, Stephanie J., et al.
(författare)
-
Global subterranean estuaries modify groundwater nutrient loading to the ocean
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Limnology And Oceanography Letters. - 2378-2242.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Terrestrial groundwater travels through subterranean estuaries before reaching the sea. Groundwater-derived nutrients drive coastal water quality, primary production, and eutrophication. We determined how dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) are transformed within subterranean estuaries and estimated submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) nutrient loads compiling > 10,000 groundwater samples from 216 sites worldwide. Nutrients exhibited complex, nonconservative behavior in subterranean estuaries. Fresh groundwater DIN and DIP are usually produced, and DON is consumed during transport. Median total SGD (saline and fresh) fluxes globally were 5.4, 2.6, and 0.18 Tmol yr−1 for DIN, DON, and DIP, respectively. Despite large natural variability, total SGD fluxes likely exceed global riverine nutrient export. Fresh SGD is a small source of new nutrients, but saline SGD is an important source of mostly recycled nutrients. Nutrients exported via SGD via subterranean estuaries are critical to coastal biogeochemistry and a significant nutrient source to the oceans.
|
|
| 692. |
- Wojdacz, TK, et al.
(författare)
-
Clinical significance of DNA methylation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients: results from 3 UK clinical trials
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Blood advances. - : American Society of Hematology. - 2473-9537 .- 2473-9529. ; 3:16, s. 2474-2481
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with mutated immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes (IGHV-M), particularly those lacking poor-risk genomic lesions, often respond well to chemoimmunotherapy (CIT). DNA methylation profiling can subdivide early-stage patients into naive B-cell–like CLL (n-CLL), memory B-cell–like CLL (m-CLL), and intermediate CLL (i-CLL), with differing times to first treatment and overall survival. However, whether DNA methylation can identify patients destined to respond favorably to CIT has not been ascertained. We classified treatment-naive patients (n = 605) from 3 UK chemo and CIT clinical trials into the 3 epigenetic subgroups, using pyrosequencing and microarray analysis, and performed expansive survival analysis. The n-CLL, i-CLL, and m-CLL signatures were found in 80% (n = 245/305), 17% (53/305), and 2% (7/305) of IGHV-unmutated (IGHV-U) cases, respectively, and in 9%, (19/216), 50% (108/216), and 41% (89/216) of IGHV-M cases, respectively. Multivariate Cox proportional analysis identified m-CLL as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24-0.87; P = .018) in CLL4, and for progression-free survival (HR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.10-0.57; P = .002) in ARCTIC and ADMIRE patients. The analysis of epigenetic subgroups in patients entered into 3 first-line UK CLL trials identifies m-CLL as an independent marker of prolonged survival and may aid in the identification of patients destined to demonstrate prolonged survival after CIT.
|
|
| 693. |
- Wu, T. Y., et al.
(författare)
-
Natural History of Perihematomal Edema and Impact on Outcome After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Stroke. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0039-2499 .- 1524-4628. ; 48:4, s. 873-879
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Purpose-Edema may worsen outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We assessed its natural history, factors influencing growth, and association with outcome. Methods-We estimated edema volumes in ICH patients from the Helsinki ICH study using semiautomated planimetry. We assessed the correlation between edema extension distance (EED) and time from ICH onset, creating an edema growth trajectory model up to 3 weeks. We interpolated expected EED at 72 hours and identified clinical and imaging characteristics associated with faster edema growth. Association of EED and mortality was assessed using logistic regression adjusting for predictors of ICH outcome. Results-From 1013 consecutive patients, 861 were included. There was a strong inverse correlation between EED growth rate (cm/d) and time from onset (days): EED growth=0.162*days exp(-0.927), R-2=0.82. Baseline factors associated with larger than expected EED were older age (71 versus 68; P=0.002), higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (14 versus 8; P<0.001), and lower Glasgow Coma scale score (13 versus 15; P<0.001), larger ICH volume (19.7 versus 12.7 mL; P<0.001), larger initial EED (0.42 versus 0.30; P<0.001), irregularly shaped hematoma (55% versus 42%; P<0.001), and higher glucose (7.6 versus 6.9 mmol/L; P=0.001). Patients with faster edema growth had more midline shift (50% versus 31%; P<0.001), herniation (12% versus 4%; P<0.001), and higher 6-month (46% versus 26%; P<0.001) mortality. In the logistic regression model, higher-than-expected EED was associated with 6-month mortality (odds ratio, 1.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-2.46; P=0.032). Conclusions-Edema growth can be readily monitored and is an independent determinant of mortality after ICH, providing an important treatment target for strategies to improve patient outcome.
|
|
| 694. |
- Wu, T. Y., et al.
(författare)
-
Software output from semi-automated planimetry can underestimate intracerebral haemorrhage and peri-haematomal oedema volumes by up to 41 %
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Neuroradiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-3940 .- 1432-1920. ; 58:9, s. 867-876
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Haematoma and oedema size determines outcome after intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), with each added 10 % volume increasing mortality by 5 %. We assessed the reliability of semi-automated computed tomography planimetry using Analyze and Osirix softwares. We randomly selected 100 scans from 1329 ICH patients from two centres. We used Hounsfield Unit thresholds of 5-33 for oedema and 44-100 for ICH. Three raters segmented all scans using both softwares and 20 scans repeated for intra-rater reliability and segmentation timing. Volumes reported by Analyze and Osirix were compared to volume estimates calculated using the best practice method, taking effective individual slice thickness, i.e. voxel depth, into account. There was excellent overall inter-rater, intra-rater and inter-software reliability, all intraclass correlation coefficients > 0.918. Analyze and Osirix produced similar haematoma (mean difference: Analyze -aEuroeOsirix = 1.5 +/- 5.2 mL, 6 %, p aecurrency signaEuroe0.001) and oedema volumes (-0.6 +/- 12.6 mL, -3 %, p = 0.377). Compared to a best practice approach to volume calculation, the automated haematoma volume output was 2.6 mL (-11 %) too small with Analyze and 4.0 mL (-18 %) too small with Osirix, whilst the oedema volumes were 2.5 mL (-12 %) and 5.5 mL (-25 %) too small, correspondingly. In scans with variable slice thickness, the volume underestimations were larger, -29%/-36 % for ICH and -29 %/-41 % for oedema. Mean segmentation times were 6:53 +/- 4:02 min with Analyze and 9:06 +/- 5:24 min with Osirix (p < 0.001). Our results demonstrate that the method used to determine voxel depth can influence the final volume output markedly. Results of clinical and collaborative studies need to be considered in the context of these methodological differences.
|
|
| 695. |
- Wu, Xifeng, et al.
(författare)
-
A genome-wide association study identifies a novel susceptibility locus for renal cell carcinoma on 12p11.23
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 21:2, s. 456-462
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most lethal urologic cancer. Only two common susceptibility loci for RCC have been confirmed to date. To identify additional RCC common susceptibility loci, we conducted an independent genome- wide association study (GWAS). We analyzed 533 191 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for association with RCC in 894 cases and 1516 controls of European descent recruited from MD Anderson Cancer Center in the primary scan, and validated the top 500 SNPs in silico in 3772 cases and 8505 controls of European descent involved in the only published GWAS of RCC. We identified two common variants in linkage disequilibrium, rs718314 and rs1049380 (r(2) = 0.64, D' = 0.84), in the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor, type 2 (ITPR2) gene on 12p11.23 as novel susceptibility loci for RCC (P = 8.89 x 10(-10) and P = 6.07 x 10(-9), respectively, in meta-analysis) with an allelic odds ratio of 1.19 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13-1.26] for rs718314 and 1.18 (95% CI: 1.12-1.25) for rs1049380. It has been recently identified that rs718314 in ITPR2 is associated with waist-hip ratio (WHR) phenotype. To our knowledge, this is the first genetic locus associated with both cancer risk and WHR.
|
|
| 696. |
- Wåhlin, Anna, 1970, et al.
(författare)
-
Swirls and scoops : Ice base melt revealed by multibeam imagery of an Antarctic ice shelf
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Science Advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2375-2548. ; 10:31
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge gaps about how the ocean melts Antarctica's ice shelves, borne from a lack of observations, lead to large uncertainties in sea level predictions. Using high-resolution maps of the underside of Dotson Ice Shelf, West Antarctica, we reveal the imprint that ice shelf basal melting leaves on the ice. Convection and intermittent warm water intrusions form widespread terraced features through slow melting in quiescent areas, while shear-driven turbulence rapidly melts smooth, eroded topographies in outflow areas, as well as enigmatic teardrop-shaped indentations that result from boundary-layer flow rotation. Full-thickness ice fractures, with bases modified by basal melting and convective processes, are observed throughout the area. This new wealth of processes, all active under a single ice shelf, must be considered to accurately predict future Antarctic ice shelf melt.
|
|
| 697. |
|
|
| 698. |
|
|
| 699. |
- Zheng, Jia, et al.
(författare)
-
Establishing metastatic prostate cancer quality indicators using a modified Delphi approach
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Clinical Genitourinary Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 1558-7673. ; 20:2, s. 151-157
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is variation in the care provided to men with metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa). There has been no previous set of quality indicators (QIs) regarding the management of men with mPCa. The objective of this study is to develop a set of international mPCa-specific QIs, which will enable global benchmarking of quality of care. Materials and methods: Potential QIs were identified through a literature review. Fourteen multidisciplinary mPCa experts (representing medical and radiation oncology, nursing, psychology, palliative care and urology) from eight countries participated in a modified Delphi process, which consisted of two online surveys, one face-to-face meeting and two teleconferences. Panelists were asked to rate each indicator's importance and feasibility on a Likert scale from 1 to 9. Indicators that received median importance and median feasibility scores ≥ 7.5, and a disagreement index <1 for both measures, on the final round of voting were included in the final set. Results: There was consensus on 23 QIs out of total of 662. Four regarding “general management”, 12 “therapies”, three “complications” and four “patient-reported quality of life”. One of the inherent limitations of the Delphi process is that there is a small expert panel involved. Conclusion: The quality indicator set defined by our process for management of men with mPCa will enable greater understanding of the standard and variation of care globally and will promote consistency of good practice. Future directions will include retrospective evaluation for compliance with these indicators, as well as prospective monitoring.
|
|
| 700. |
|
|
