| 21. |
- Durevall, Dick, 1954
(författare)
-
Are Fairtrade Prices Fair? An Analysis of the Distribution of Returns in the Swedish Coffee Market
- 2015
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Consumers pay a premium for Fair Trade coffee, often assuming that it mainly benefits poor coffee farmers. However, several studies report that most of the premium accrues to actors in the consumer countries, such as roasters and retailers. This paper analyses how the returns to Fair Trade are distributed among bean producer countries, roasters and retailers, and Fairtrade Sweden, using scanner data on 185 products from Sweden and information about costs of production. The distribution depends on how much more costly it is to produce Fair Trade coffee compared to conventional coffee, given costs of beans and licences. Assuming the difference is 5 SEK per kg (about USD 0.80), which is on the high side, roasters and retailers get 61%, while producer countries, i.e., coffee farmers, cooperatives, middlemen, exporters and Fairtrade International, get 31%. The rest accrues to Fairtrade Sweden. These estimates are uncertain, but there is there strong evidence that Fair Trade retail prices are higher than the level attributable to the costs of Fair Trade beans and licences.
|
|
| 22. |
- Durevall, Dick, 1954, et al.
(författare)
-
Associations of Social Support with Sexual Practices, Health Behaviours, and Health Outcomes Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women: Evidence From a Longitudinal Study in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- 2023
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 31, s. 620-630
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Several studies have reported on the benefits of social support for health behaviour, including risky sex. Social support may thus be an important resource for promoting individual health and well-being, particularly in regions where HIV rates are high and healthcare resources are scarce. However, prior research on the implications of social support for the health behaviour of young women has yielded mixed and inconclusive findings. Using prospective data from young women in South Africa, this study examines the associations of social support with subsequent sexual practices, health behaviour, and health outcomes. Methods We used two rounds of longitudinal data from a sample of n=1446 HIV-negative emerging adult women, aged 18 to 29 years, who participated in a population-based HIV study in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Applying the analytic template for outcome-wide longitudinal designs, we estimated the associations between combinations of social support (i.e., tangible, educational, emotional) and ten HIV-risk related outcomes. Results Combinations of tangible, educational, and emotional support, as well as tangible support by itself, were associated with lower risk for several outcomes, whereas educational and emotional support, by themselves or together, showed little evidence of association with the outcomes. Conclusions This study highlights the protective role of tangible support in an environment of widespread poverty, and the additional effect of combining tangible support with non-tangible support. The findings strengthen recent evidence on the benefits of combining support in the form of cash and food with psychosocial care in mitigating risk behaviours associated with HIV and negative health outcomes among young women.
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
- Durevall, Dick, 1954
(författare)
-
Competition in the Swedish Coffee Market
- 2004
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is a widespread belief that multinationals are exploiting their market power in national coffee markets by keeping consumer prices too high and thereby limiting demand for coffee beans. The purpose of this study is to test if this is case in the Swedish market for roasted coffee. In the Swedish market there are a few very large roasting companies and many small ones; a market structure that is typical of many consumer markets for coffee. To analyze the degree of market power, an oligopoly model is estimated using market time series data. The econometric approach is to first test for long-run relationships between the variables with cointegration analysis, and then to estimate a system of equations for demand and pricing behavior. Our major finding is that there is no evidence of market power in the long run, and only some in the short run.
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
- Durevall, Dick, 1954
(författare)
-
Cost Pass-Through in the Swedish Coffee Market
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cost pass-through to retail prices shows how changes in marginal costs are allocated between producers and consumers, and it is therefore closely related to market structure and competition. This paper uses Swedish data on coffee products at the barcode level to evaluate pass-through from the cost of green coffee beans, the main marginal cost, to the retail price of roasted and ground coffee. First long-run cost pass-through is estimated for each product, and then regression is used to analyse how pass-through varies across market shares, retailer-owned brands and other product characteristics. A general result is that pass-through is roughly complete for products with large market shares, while those with small market shares have low pass-through rates. There is no evidence that retailer-owned brands have higher pass-through than brand-name products with similar market shares, which would be the case if retailer-owned brands avoided double marginalization through vertical integration. Thus, although there is not perfect competition in the Swedish coffee market, a large part of it appears to be highly competitive.
|
|
| 28. |
- Durevall, Dick, 1954
(författare)
-
Cost pass-through in the Swedish coffee market
- 2018
-
Ingår i: European Review of Agricultural Economics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0165-1587 .- 1464-3618. ; 45:4, s. 505-529
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cost pass-through to retail prices shows how changes in marginal costs are allocated between producers and consumers, and it is, therefore, closely related to market structure and competition. This paper uses Swedish data on coffee products at the barcode level to evaluate pass-through from the cost of green coffee beans, the main marginal cost, to the retail price of roasted and ground coffee. First long-run cost pass-through is estimated for each product, and then regression is used to analyse how pass-through varies across market shares, retailer-owned brands and other product characteristics. A general result is that pass-through is roughly complete for products with large market shares, while those with small market shares have low pass-through rates. There is no evidence that retailer-owned brands have higher pass-through than brand-name products with similar market shares, which would be the case if retailer-owned brands avoided double marginalisation through vertical integration. Thus, although there is not perfect competition in the Swedish coffee market, a large part of it appears to be highly competitive.
|
|
| 29. |
- Durevall, Dick, 1954
(författare)
-
Demand for Coffee: The Role of Prices, Preferences and Market Power
- 2005
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the role of prices in determining demand for roasted coffee in Sweden. This is of interest because many believe that consumer prices are high relative to green coffee-bean prices, and that lower consumer prices would increase demand for coffee beans. Coffee demand is estimated on data for the period 1968-2002. In the long run, changing preferences appear to determine demand for roasted coffee, and a reduction in consumer prices would only have a temporary impact on consumption. Hence a permanent decrease in consumer prices would only increase exports of coffee beans to Sweden for a couple of years.
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
