| 51. |
- Durevall, Dick, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Inflation Dynamics and Food Prices in Ethiopia
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Development Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3878. ; 104, s. 89-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the global food crisis, Ethiopia experienced an unprecedented increase in inflation, among the highest in Africa. Using monthly data over the past decade, we estimate models of inflation to identify the importance of the factors contributing to CPI inflation and three of its major components: cereal prices, food prices, and non-food prices. Our main finding is that movements in international food and goods prices, measured in domestic currency, determined the long-run evolution of domestic prices. In the short run, agricultural supply shocks affected food inflation, causing large deviations from long-run price trends. Monetary policy seems to have accommodated price shocks, but money supply growth affected short-run non-food price inflation. Our results suggest that when analyzing inflation in developing economies with a large food share in consumer prices, world food prices and domestic agricultural production should be considered. Omitting these factors can lead to biased results and misguided policy decisions.
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| 52. |
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| 53. |
- Durevall, Dick, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Intimate Partner Violence and HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We investigate the relationship between intimate partner violence and HIV among married women in sub-Saharan Africa. Using propensity score matching, we find a strong relationship. To investigate mechanisms, we split the sample according to spouse’s HIV status. Neither women with HIV-positive husbands nor those with HIV-negative husbands are more likely to be infected when subject to IPV. To find an effect the two samples have to be combined. Thus the relationship is explained by higher HIV risk among violent men. Neither women’s decreased ability to protect from HIV transmission within marriage, nor their risky sexual behavior explains the link.
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| 54. |
- Durevall, Dick, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Intimate partner violence and HIV in ten sub-Saharan African countries: what do the Demographic and Health Surveys tell us?
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Lancet Global Health. - 2214-109X. ; 3:1, s. E34-E43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Many studies have identified a significant positive relation between intimate partner violence and HIV in women, but adjusted analyses have produced inconsistent results. We systematically assessed the association, and under what condition it holds, using nationally representative data from ten sub-Saharan African countries, focusing on physical, sexual, and emotional violence, and on the role of male controlling behaviour. Methods We assessed cross-sectional data from 12 Demographic and Health Surveys from ten countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The data are nationally representative for women aged 15–49 years. We estimated odds ratios using logistic regression with and without controls for demographic and socioeconomic factors and survey–region fixed effects. Exposure was measured using physical, sexual, emotional violence, and male controlling behaviour, and combinations of these. The samples used were ever-married women, married women, and women in their first union. Depending on specification, the sample size varied between 11 231 and 45 550 women. Findings There were consistent and strong associations between HIV infection in women and physical violence, emotional violence, and male controlling behaviour (adjusted odds ratios ranged from 1·2 to 1·7; p values ranged from <0·0001 to 0·0058). The evidence for an association between sexual violence and HIV was weaker and only significant in the sample with women in their first union. The associations were dependent on the presence of controlling behaviour and a high regional HIV prevalence rate; when women were exposed to only physical, sexual, or emotional violence, and no controlling behaviour, or when HIV prevalence rates are lower than 5%, the adjusted odds ratios were, in general, close to 1 and insignificant. Interpretation The findings indicate that male controlling behaviour in its own right, or as an indicator of ongoing or severe violence, puts women at risk of HIV infection. HIV prevention interventions should focus on high-prevalence areas and men with controlling behaviour, in addition to violence. Funding Swedish National Science Foundation and Gothenburg Centre of Globalization and Development, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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| 55. |
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| 56. |
- Durevall, Dick, 1954
(författare)
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Is Fair Trade Really Fair: Evidence from the Swedish Coffee Marke
- 2014
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Ingår i: Swedish Economics National Conference, Umeå, October, 2014.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Consumers pay a premium for Fairtrade coffee, often assuming that it mainly benefits poor producers. This paper analyses how the Fair Trade premium is allocated between roasters and retailers and bean exporting countries. Scanner data for everyday sales from 3,088 stores across Sweden are used to estimate Fair Trade and conventional consumer coffee price differences for ground and instant coffee, while controlling for product characteristics. Information about production costs are then used to calculate the shares of the Fair Trade premium. The allocations depend on how much more costly it is to produce Fair Trade than conventional coffee, given the costs of beans and licences, for which there is limited information. Assuming it costs 5 SEK per kg more to produce Fair Trade ground coffee, which is on the high side, roasters and retailers get 60% of the premium, while they get about 70% when it is assumed that there is no difference in costs. The share going to roaster and retailers for instant coffee is about 70%. Countries that export Fair Trade beans and Fairtrade International, the organization that certifies the beans, thus get 30% to 40% of the premium.
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| 57. |
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| 58. |
- Durevall, Dick, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Money Demand and Transmission Effects in Sweden
- 1995
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Ingår i: Juselius, K. (ed.), Econometric Modelling of Long-Run Relations and Common Trends: Theory and Applications. - : University of Copenhagen.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 59. |
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| 60. |
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