| 51. |
- Kahlin, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
-
Physical self-esteem and personality traits in Swedish physically inactive female high school students : an intervention study
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0334-0139 .- 2191-0278. ; 28:4, s. 363-372
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Physical activity provides fundamental health benefits and plays a positive role in physical well-being. The aim of this present study was to investigate whether a 6-month physical activity program could influence physical self-esteem and frequency of physical activity in physically inactive female high school students in short- and long-term periods and whether personality traits were related to physical activity behaviour and compliance with the program. METHODS: The study was a cluster-randomised controlled intervention study including 104 physically inactive female high school students aged 16-19 years, 60 females in an intervention group and 44 females in a control group. The intervention group exercised at sport centres at least once per week during a 6-month period. Questionnaires were used for evaluation. RESULTS: At a 6-month follow up, the intervention group improved physical self-perception in all subdomains and significantly improved physical condition, physical self-worth and self-related health compared to the control group. At 1-year follow up, 25 females out of 53 females were still physically active, and all ratings remained almost the same as at the 6-month follow up. There were no particular personality traits that were dominant in the groups. CONCLUSION: A 6-month physical activity program can positively influence physical self-esteem and the frequency of physical activity, both from a short- and long-term perspective.
|
|
| 52. |
- Karp, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Clostridioides difficile incidence related to in-hospital cephalosporin use: a tale of two highly comparable hospitals.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2091 .- 0305-7453. ; 74:1, s. 182-189
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibiotic treatment is a well-known risk factor for healthcare facility-associated Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection (HCF-CDI). Antibiotic stewardship programmes (ASPs) targeting high-risk antibiotics have been shown to decrease HCF-CDI incidence. HCF-CDI incidence is high in Nordic countries despite relatively low antibiotic use in hospital.To determine if HCF-CDI incidence was modified by a hospital ASP that restricted cephalosporin use.The effects of an ASP on HCF-CDI incidence were evaluated in a two-centre setting using a retrospective design. We exploited a strategy of both individual case ascertainment based on chart reviews and aggregated data from the hospitals. Cases were attributed to the antibiotics given prior to disease onset, in proportion to the number of DDDs used. Three periods were studied: 2007 (before the ASP), 2012 and 2015.At the ASP hospital, cephalosporin use decreased by 87% and the number of HCF-CDI/1000 hospital admissions decreased significantly from 2.25 (2007) to 1.16 (2015) (P = 0.0014). The corresponding results at the non-ASP hospital showed a non-significant increase from 2.09 to 2.38. A high number of cases could be attributed to cephalosporins at both hospitals. The increased use of other broad-spectrum antibiotics, e.g. piperacillin/tazobactam, at the ASP hospital was not associated with offsetting increases in attributable HCF-CDI cases.Decreased use of cephalosporins is an effective strategy to decrease HCF-CDI incidence over time in a setting with high incidence and low antibiotic use.
|
|
| 53. |
- Karp, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Risk factors for recurrent healthcare-facility associated Clostridioides difficile infection in a Swedish setting
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Anaerobe. - 1075-9964. ; 81
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The objectives were to determine the risk factors for recurrent healthcare facility-associated Clostridioides difficile infection (HCF-CDI) in a high CDI incidence, low antibiotic use setting and to determine if length of cefotaxime exposure is a risk factor for recurrent HCF-CDI.Methods: The risk factors for recurrent HCF-CDI were evaluated with a retrospective nested case control study based on chart reading. The risk factors were evaluated univariately and multivariately. Length of risk antibiotic exposure was evaluated further in a subanalysis.Results: Risk factors for recurrent HCF-CDI were renal insufficiency (25.4% of cases compared to 15.4% of controls p = 0.006) and metronidazole treatment of initial CDI episode (88.4% compared to 71.7% p = 0.01). Exposure to cefotaxime and risk for recurrent CDI showed a dose-dependent relationship (linear by linear p = 0.028).Conclusions: Renal insufficiency and metronidazole treatment were independent risk factors for recur-rent HCF-CDI in our setting. The relationship between cefotaxime exposure and risk for recurrent HCF-CDI, dose-dependent, could be evaluated further in a setting with high cefotaxime use.& COPY; 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
|
|
| 54. |
- Lindqvist, Judit, 1965-
(författare)
-
Hot spur or tranquil? : The adaptation of psychometric anger assessment instruments and their evaluation and application on violent and nonviolent samples in Sweden
- 2005
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Anger is a negatively toned emotion and biopsychosocially functional alarm, which automatically activates a colorful arsenal of affective, cognitive, physiological, and behavioral action impulses in the face of experienced irritations and provocations. Anger, on the other hand, is a mixed blessing and a subject of admiration and condemnation since the days of Plato, Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas. This usual and passionate human emotion has also been closely associated with phenomena of human psychopathology: mental and personality disorders, aggression, interpersonal difficulties, and violence. Until the recent past, conceptual confusion and scientific neglect have complicated the research on anger.Following a theoretical review of multiple, classical philosophical and contemporary, scientific approaches to anger, this thesis describes the work towards its principal aim: to develop the first Swedish adaptations of the psychometric anger assessment instruments Novaco Anger Scale (NAS, version 1998), Provocation Inventory (PI), and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2). These psychometric anger assessment instruments focus on various theoretical dimensions of the anger concept; NAS assesses the cognitive mediation, physiological arousal, and behavioral action impulses and control efforts that compose anger. PI assesses the intensity of anger reaction as a function of various provocations. Finally, STAXI-2 assesses the various state and trait experience, expression, and control of anger. The adaptations of the instruments were developed through the co-operation of the authors of the three studies included in this thesis, with a native back-translator, and also with the authors of the original instruments. The adaptations, labeled NAS-1998-S, PI-S, and STAXI-2-S, were investigated on the basis of their factor structures, internal reliability, scale correlations, and predictive capacity of group membership of participants, in male samples of violent prisoners (N = 95; Mage = 33.2, SDage = 10.6) and nonviolent university students (N = 100; Mage = 33.2, SDage = 12.5) in Sweden. Furthermore, the level of anger reported by the violent criminal and nonviolent university student samples in Sweden was compared, as were those in turn with published norm values of American standardization samples of the original instruments. According to the results presented in the thesis, NAS-1998-S, PI-S, and STAXI-2-S have appropriate psychometric qualities. More specifically, NAS-1998-S and PI-S (but not STAXI-2-S) demonstrated factor structures that were interpreted as corresponding to the findings of previous studies on the original instruments. The parts that compose NAS-1998-S, PI-S, STAXI-2-S (i.e., subscales, scales, and total scale scores) were in good correspondence with what could be expected on the basis of previous findings on the original instruments. The scales had an appropriate pattern of correlations with concurrent scales of related and distinct theoretical constructs. The adapted assessment instruments demonstrated good capacities to discriminate the prisoners and university students from each other. The results were interpreted in terms of appropriate construct and cross-cultural validity. As expected, the violent prisoners scored higher on the various cognitive, physiological, behavioral, trait, and expressed dimensions of anger, and lower on anger control, compared with nonviolent university students and persons in the American standardization samples. An unexpected, but culturally explainable result was the relatively high levels of anger suppression by both Swedish samples. In particular, the scores of violent prisoners on cognitive inclination and general disposition to anger approached clinically high levels. The high levels of anger in the violent prisoners were interpreted as supportive of previous research indicating the high prevalence of psychopathology in the offender population. Anger being an important antecedent of aggressive behavior and a vital correlate of clinical disorders, the systematic assessment of this emotion has not yet earned a high priority in the research and clinical work with offenders in Sweden. The work described in this thesis is an effort to remedy this condition.
|
|
| 55. |
- Ljunggren, Joel, et al.
(författare)
-
Antifungal efficiency of individual compounds and evaluation of non-linear effects by recombining fractionated turpentine
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Microchemical journal (Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 0026-265X .- 1095-9149. ; 153
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A combination between a reductive and a holistic assay was employed to investigate whole fraction, synergistic, antagonistic and individual compound efficacy of vacuumdistilled turpentine fractions against the economically important brown-rot fungus Coniophora puteana. The fungus was subjected to recombinations of turpentine fractions at a concentration of 1000 ppm. All combinations exhibited useful antifungal properties, but some antifungal mixtures showed a more pronounced effect than the expected level of inhibition. Synergistic effects by a two-fold factor and minor antagonistic effects were observed. Complete growth inhibition of C. puteana was observed by a fraction obtained after distilling 1 L turpentine at 111–177°C (0.5 mbar) as well as by mixing it with another fraction withdrawn at 70–79°C (0.5 mbar). Chemical compositions of distilled fractions were determined through GC–MS analysis and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares (OPLS) multivariate data analysis of GC–MS chromatograms was employed to zoom in on the most active compounds responsible for antifungal activity. Isomers of epicubenol, the hydrocarbon aromatic compound ar-himachalene and α-cadinol are suggested as effective antifungal compounds. In addition, a subsequent fractionation of the most effective fraction was performed with preparatory gas chromatography and subfractions showed similar or better efficacy than previously observed. Our work demonstrates the possibility to retain adequate synergistic antifungal efficiency and offers an opportunity to explore the effects of individual compounds originating from the same crude sample.
|
|
| 56. |
- Ljunggren, Joel, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of fractionally distilled Picea abies TMP-turpentine on wood-decaying fungi : in vitro, microcosm and field experiments
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Wood Science and Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0043-7719 .- 1432-5225. ; 54, s. 847-868
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Synthetic and heavy metal antifungals are frequently used as wood preservatives. However, they exhibit relatively inert biodegradation and toxic properties when leached; this makes their replacement with environmentally degradable yet functional alternatives a key target in the wood protection industry. In this context, distilled fractions of raw thermomechanical pulp turpentine (TMP-T) from Picea abies were assessed for their wood protecting capabilities against wood-decaying fungi. Antifungal bioactivity of fractions and some of their combinations were screened on agar-plates against the brown-rot fungus Coniophora puteana. Addition of TMP-T fractions showed a significant fungal growth rate reduction, while mixtures indicated the presence of synergistic and antagonistic effects. One fraction, obtained after distilling 1 L TMP-T at 111–177 °C at 0.5 mbar, showed complete growth inhibition of Antrodia sinuosa, Serpula lacrymans, Serpula himantioides and significant inhibition of Antrodia serialis, Antrodia xantha, Gloeophyllum sepiarium, Heterobasidion parviporum at a concentration of 1000 ppm. This fraction was further examined for long- and medium-term effects on wood decay in microcosm soil-jar and field experiment, respectively. The known antifungal compounds benzisothiazolinone, 2-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 3-iodo-2-propynyl N-butylcarbamate and two commercial wood preservatives were used as reference treatments. Commercial preservatives instilled long-term efficacy against C. puteana wood decay in a soil-jar microcosm experiment, but no noticeable protection with antifungal compounds or the present treatments was found. However, a moderate effect by the TMP-T fraction from the in vitro assay was observed and the TMP-turpentine distillation residue showed a similar fungal inhibition effect to the most potent commercial treatment after 29 months in the field.
|
|
| 57. |
|
|
| 58. |
- Nygren De Boussard, Catharina, et al.
(författare)
-
S100 in mild traumatic brain injury
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Brain Injury. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0269-9052 .- 1362-301X. ; 18:7, s. 671-83
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: To examine the diagnostic value of S100 in mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). RESEARCH DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: S100B, S100A1B and S100BB concentrations were examined in sera from patients with MTBI with an arrival Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15 or 14, patients with orthopaedic injuries and non-injured subjects. MAIN OUTCOME AND RESULTS: Mean values and proportions of subjects above cut-off limits for S100B and S100A1B were significantly higher in each trauma group than in non-injured controls, but only for S100A1B when patients with MTBI were compared with controls with orthopaedic injuries. Using a 97.5 percentile cut-off limit, the sensitivity of S100A1B for MTBI vs orthopaedic injury was 61% (95% confidence interval (CI) 49-73%), specificity 77% (95% CI 62-93%). The area under the ROC curve did not approach 0.9 for any cut off limit. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic validity of S100 in acute MTBI was not demonstrated. S100A1B has merits for long-term prognostic studies.
|
|
| 59. |
- Olsson, Eric, et al.
(författare)
-
Diabetes and glucose disturbances in patients with psychosis in Sweden
- 2015
-
Ingår i: BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care. - : BMJ. - 2052-4897. ; 3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:The objectives of this study were to (1) analyze the prevalence of diabetes, prediabetes, and antidiabetic medication in patients with psychosis compared with control subjects and (2) determine what factors in patients with psychosis were associated with antidiabetic medication.METHOD:We studied 977 patients with psychosis recruited from outpatient clinics in Stockholm County, Sweden, and they were compared with 3908 non-psychotic control subjects for fasting plasma glucose levels; prevalence of diabetes, prediabetes, antidiabetic treatment, and tobacco use; and blood pressure, weight, height, and waist circumference. Group differences were evaluated with analysis of variance and χ(2) test, and factors associated with antidiabetic treatment were evaluated with logistic regression.RESULTS:Diabetes was observed in 94 (10%) patients with psychosis, 2.7 times the prevalence observed in control subjects. Among patients with psychosis, 87 (10%) had prediabetes (fasting glucose, 6.1-6.9 mmol/L) compared with 149 (3.8%) control subjects. Most patients with psychosis (77%) who had prediabetes fulfilled criteria for metabolic syndrome. In patients with psychosis, both lipid-lowering medication and fasting glucose were significantly associated with antidiabetic treatment. There was no significant relation between antidiabetic treatment and lifestyle factors such as smoking or degree of psychiatric illness.CONCLUSIONS:The high prevalence of impaired fasting glucose and metabolic syndrome in patients with psychosis warrants further clinical research in preventing or delaying the onset of diabetes in these patients by pharmacotherapy and/or lifestyle intervention.
|
|
| 60. |
|
|
