| 11. |
- Daltveit, Dagrun Slettebo, et al.
(författare)
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Sex differences in childhood cancer risk among children with major birth defects : a Nordic population-based nested case-control study
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 52:2, s. 450-465
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Childhood cancer is more common among children with birth defects, suggesting a common aetiology. Whether this association differs by sex is unclear. Methods We performed a population-based nested case-control study using nationwide health registries in four Nordic countries. We included 21 898 cancer cases (0-19 years) and 218 980 matched population controls, born 1967-2014. Associations between childhood cancer and major birth defects were calculated as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using logistic regression models. Effect modification was evaluated using a counterfactual framework to estimate confidence intervals and P-values for the natural indirect effects. Results Birth defects were present for 5.1% (1117/21 898) of childhood cancer cases and 2.2% (4873/218 980) of controls; OR of cancer was higher for chromosomal (OR = 10, 95% CI = 8.6-12) than for non-chromosomal defects (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.8-2.1), strongest between genetic syndromes/microdeletion and renal tumours, Down syndrome and leukaemia, and nervous system defects and central nervous system tumours. The association between birth defects and cancer was stronger among females (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 2.6-3.1) than males (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.9-2.2, P-interaction <0.001). Male sex was an independent risk factor for childhood cancer, but very little of the overall association between sex and childhood cancer was mediated through birth defects (4.8%, P-NIE <0.001), although more at younger ages (10% below years and 28% below 1 year). Conclusions The birth defect-cancer associations were generally stronger among females than males. Birth defects did not act as a strong mediator for the modest differences in childhood cancer risk by sex, suggesting that other biological pathways are involved.
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| 12. |
- Davídsdóttir, Lóa, et al.
(författare)
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Hepatocellular carcinoma in individuals with HBV infection or HBV-HCV co-infection in a low endemic country
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 45:7-8, s. 944-952
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of this nationwide cohort study was to assess the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection or HBV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection in Sweden, a low endemic country.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 12,080 patients with HBV and 3238 patients with HBV-HCV co-infection were notified to the Swedish institute for Infectious Disease Control between 1990 and 2004. After excluding 1850 patients with acute HBV and 584 patients infected in adult life, we analyzed the cohort of 9646 subjects with chronic HBV infection. In the co-infection cohort, 1697 patients were analyzed after excluding 1541 cases with acute HBV. The Swedish national cancer registry was used for follow-up. The HCC incidence rate in the cohorts was compared with the HCC incidence rate in the general population and the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was calculated for different strata according to estimated infection period.RESULTS: HCC was found in 45 patients in the HBV cohort. In the stratum of 40-49 years of infection we found a SIR of 47 and in stratum 50-59 years the SIR was 54. In the co-infected cohort 10 HCCs were found. The SIR in the stratum 20-29 years of infection was 34 and the SIR in the stratum 30 years and over was 91.CONCLUSIONS: This national cohort study of HBV infected and HBV-HCV co-infected subjects in a low endemic country confirms a highly increased risk of liver cancer compared to the general population.
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| 13. |
- Elfström, Peter, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiomyopathy, pericarditis and myocarditis in a population-based cohort of inpatients with coeliac disease
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - Oxford : Blackwell Publishing. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 262:5, s. 545-554
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: We investigated the risk of myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, and pericarditis in patients with celiac disease (CD) from a general population cohort.Subjects and methods: Through the Swedish national registers we identified 9363 children and 4969 adults with a diagnosis of CD (1964–2003). These individuals were matched with upto five reference individuals for age, sex, calendar year and county (n = 69 851). Cox regression estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for later heart disease. Main outcome measures: Myocarditis, cardiomyopathy (any or dilated), and pericarditis defined according torelevant international classification of disease codes in the Swedish national inpatient register.Results: Celiac disease diagnosed in childhood was not associated with later myocarditis (HR = 0.2; 95% CI = 0.0–1.5), cardiomyopathy of any type (HR = 0.8; 95% CI = 0.2–3.7), or pericarditis (HR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.1–1.9). Restricting our analyses to adulthood CD and heart disease diagnosed from 1987 and onwards in departments of cardiology ⁄ internal medicine, we found no association between CD and later myocarditis (HR = 2.1; 95% CI = 0.4–11.7), dilated cardiomyopathy (HR = 1.7; 95% CI = 0.4– 6.5) or pericarditis (HR = 1.5; 95% CI = 0.5–4.0).Conclusion: This study found no association between CD, later myocarditis, cardiomyopathy or pericarditis
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| 14. |
- Galanti, Maria Rosaria, et al.
(författare)
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Smoking and environmental iodine as risk factors for thyroiditis among parous women
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 22:7, s. 467-472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To elucidate whether exposure to some environmental factors, i.e. cigarette smoking and iodine deficiency influence the risk of thyroiditis. Methods We identified a cohort of 874, 507 parous women with self-reported information on smoking during pregnancy registered in the Swedish Medical Birth Registry from September 1983 through December 1997. Hospital diagnoses of thyroiditis (n = 286) and hypothyroidism (n = 690) following entry into the cohort were identified by record-linkage with the national Inpatient Registry. The hazard ratio (HR) of smokers compared to non-smokers and the corresponding 95% confidence limits (CL) were estimated by Cox regression. Results Smoking was inversely associated with risk of overt thyroiditis (adjusted HR = 0.72; CL = 0.54-0.95), even when diagnoses of primary hypothyroidism were included. However, a diagnosis of thyroiditis within 6 months from a childbirth was positively associated with smoking (adjusted HR = 1.88; CL = 0.94-3.76). Being born in areas of endemic goiter was not associated to hospital admission for thyroiditis. Thyroiditis patients who were smokers had more often than non-smokers a co-morbidity with other autoimmune disorders. Conclusions Smoking may increase the risk of thyroiditis occurring in the post-partum period and influence the clinical expression of other thyroiditis, especially when occurring as part of a polymorphic autoimmune disease.
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| 15. |
- Kitahara, Cari M., et al.
(författare)
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Maternal health, in-utero, and perinatal exposures and risk of thyroid cancer in offspring : a Nordic population-based nested case-control study
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology. - : Elsevier. - 2213-8587 .- 2213-8595. ; 9:2, s. 94-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Thyroid cancer tends to be diagnosed at a younger age (median age 51 years) compared with most other malignancies (such as breast cancer [62 years] or lung cancer [71 years]). The incidence of thyroid cancer is higher in women than men diagnosed from early adolescence. However, few in-utero and early life risk exposures associated with increased risk of thyroid cancer have been identified. Methods In this population-based nested case-control study we used registry data from four Nordic countries to assess thyroid cancer risk in offspring in relation to maternal medical history, pregnancy complications, and birth characteristics. Patient with thyroid cancer (cases) were individuals born and subsequently diagnosed with first primary thyroid cancer from 1973 to 2013 in Denmark, 1987 to 2014 in Finland, 1967 to 2015 in Norway, or 1973 to 2014 in Sweden. Each case was matched with up to ten individuals without thyroid cancer (controls) based on birth year, sex, country, and county of birth. Cases and matched controls with a previous diagnosis of any cancer, other than non-melanoma skin cancer, at the time of thyroid cancer diagnosis were excluded. Cases and matched controls had to reside in the country of birth at the time of thyroid cancer diagnosis. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs. Findings Of the 2437 cases, 1967 (81.4%) had papillary carcinomas, 1880 (77.1%) were women, and 1384 (56.7%) were diagnosed before age 30 years (range 0-48). Higher birth weight (OR per kg 1.14 [95% CI 1.05-1.23]) and congenital hypothyroidism (4.55 [1.58-13.08]); maternal diabetes before pregnancy (OR 1.69 [0.98-2.93]) and postpartum haemorrhage (OR 1.28 [1.06-1.55]); and (from registry data in Denmark) maternal hypothyroidism (18.12 [10.52-31.20]), hyperthyroidism (11.91 [6.77-20.94]), goiter (67.36 [39.89-113.76]), and benign thyroid neoplasms (22.50 [6.93-73.06]) were each associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer in offspring. Interpretation In-utero exposures, particularly those related to maternal thyroid disorders, might have a long-term influence on thyroid cancer risk in offspring.
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| 16. |
- Kitahara, Cari M., et al.
(författare)
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Maternal Health, Pregnancy and Offspring Factors, and Maternal Thyroid Cancer Risk : A Nordic Population-Based Registry Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 192:1, s. 70-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thyroid cancer incidence is higher in women than men, especially during the reproductive years, for reasons that remain poorly understood. Using population-based registry data from 4 Nordic countries through 2015, we examined associations of perinatal characteristics with risk of maternal thyroid cancer. Cases were women diagnosed with thyroid cancer >= 2 years after last birth (n = 7,425, 83% papillary). Cases were matched to controls (n = 67,903) by mother's birth year, country, and county of residence. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models adjusting for parity. Older age at first pregnancy, postpartum hemorrhage (OR = 1.18, 95% (confidence interval) CI: 1.08, 1.29), and benign thyroid conditions (ORs ranging from 1.64 for hypothyroidism to 10.35 for thyroid neoplasms) were associated with increased thyroid cancer risk, as were higher offspring birth weight (per 1-kg increase, OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.22) and higher likelihood of offspring being large for gestational age (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.43). Unmarried/noncohabiting status (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.84, 0.98), maternal smoking (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.84), and preterm birth (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.83, 0.98) were associated with reduced risk. Several factors (e.g., older age at first pregnancy, maternal smoking, goiter, benign neoplasms, postpartum hemorrhage, hyperemesis gravidarum, and neonatal jaundice) were associated with advanced thyroid cancer. These findings suggest that some perinatal exposures may influence maternal thyroid cancer risk.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Malmborg, Petter, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Childhood-onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease on School Performance : A Nationwide Population-based Cohort Study Using Swedish Health and Educational Registers
- 2019
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Ingår i: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1078-0998 .- 1536-4844. ; 25:10, s. 1663-1673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Childhood-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) might negatively impact academic school performance. We conducted a nationwide study to examine the association between childhood-onset IBD and school results. METHODS: Our study population was selected from Swedish health registers. In the National Patient Register (1990 to 2013), we identified 2827 children with IBD: Crohn's disease (CD), n = 1207, and ulcerative colitis (UC), n = 1370. Patients were matched with 10 reference individuals by age, sex, birth year, and place of residence (n = 28,235). Final compulsory school grades (0 to 320 grade points) and qualification for high school (yes or no) were obtained through the National School Register. Regression models controlling for socioeconomic factors were used to analyze the association of IBD with school performance. RESULTS: Children with IBD had a lower final grade point average (adjusted mean grade difference [AMGD] -4.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] -7.1 to -2.6) but not a significantly higher risk to not qualify for high school (odds ratio [OR] 1.14, CI 0.99-1.31). The results were similar in children with UC (AMGD -5.5, CI -8.7 to -2.3) and CD (AMGD -4.7, CI -8.2 to -1.2). Underperformance was more common in subsets of IBD children characterized by markers associated with long-standing active disease (eg, >30 inpatient days [AMGD-18.1, CI -25.8 to -10.4]). CONCLUSION: Most children with IBD achieve comparable results in the final year of compulsory school as their healthy peers. Care should be improved for the subgroup of children for which IBD has a stronger negative impact on school performance.
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| 19. |
- Nordendahl, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Periodontitis, assessed using periodontal treatment as a surrogate marker, has no association with a first myocardial infarction in a Swedish population
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Periodontology. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 92:12, s. 1730-1737
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Periodontitis is suggested to be associated with a risk of cardiovascular events. Using periodontal treatment recorded in Swedish national registries as a surrogate marker, we aimed to investigate whether periodontitis was associated with a first myocardial infarction. Methods: This nationwide case-control study, with data from national registries, involved 51,880 individuals with a first myocardial infarction in 2011 to 2013 (index date) and 246,978 controls matched 5:1 for age, gender, and geographic area. Periodontal treatment in the 3 years preceding the index date was classified as (1) no dental treatment, (2) no periodontal treatment, (3) one or more supragingival curettages, or (4) one or more treatments with scaling/root planing and/or periodontal surgery. Annual frequencies of treatment with scaling/root planing and/or periodontal surgery were also calculated. In all analyses, conditional logistic regression analyses estimated ORs for myocardial infarction with 95% CIs, adjusted for matched variables, income, education, and diabetes. Results: Although fewer cases than controls received treatment with scaling/root planing and/or periodontal surgery (19.2% versus 19.8%, P < 0.001), annual frequencies for cases were higher. We found no association of scaling/root planing and/or periodontal surgery with a first myocardial infarction (OR = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.05). We did observe a non-significant trend, however, between risk of a first myocardial infarction and a high frequency of scaling/root planing and/or periodontal surgery (OR 1.14; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.29). Conclusion: In the contemporary Swedish nationwide setting, no association between a first myocardial infarction and periodontitis, assessed as periodontal treatment, was found.
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| 20. |
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