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Sökning: WFRF:(Ekelund Mats) > (2005-2009)

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11.
  • Qader, Saleem, et al. (författare)
  • Long-term infusion of nutrients (total parenteral nutrition) suppresses circulating ghrelin in food-deprived rats.
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Regulatory Peptides. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-1686 .- 0167-0115. ; 131:Aug 12, s. 82-88
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Ghrelin derives from endocrine cells (A-like cells) in the stomach (mainly the oxyntic mucosa). Its concentration in the circulation increases during fasting and decreases upon re-feeding. This has fostered the notion that the absence of food in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract stimulates the secretion of ghrelin. The purpose of the present study was to determine the concentration of ghrelin in serum and oxyntic mucosa after replacing food with intravenous (iv) infusion of nutrients for 8 days using the technique known as total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Materials and methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) were given nutrients (lipids, glucose, amino acids, minerals and vitamins) by iv infusion for 8 days during which time they were deprived of food and water; another group was deprived of food for 24-48 h (fasted controls), while fed controls had free access to food and water. Serum ghrelin, gastrin and pancreastatin concentrations were measured together with the ghrelin content of the oxyntic mucosa. Plasma insulin and glucose as well as serum lipid concentrations were also determined. Results: Fasted rats had higher serum ghrelin than TPN rats and fed controls. The oxyntic mucosal ghrelin concentration (and content) was lower in TPN rats than in fasted rats or fed controls. The serum gastrin and pancreastatin concentrations were lower in TPN rats and fasted rats than in fed controls. The plasma insulin concentration was 87 pmol/l +/- 8 (SEM) in TPN rats compared to 101 16 pmol/l in fed controls; it was 26 14 pmol/l in fasted rats. The basal plasma glucose level was 11 +/- 0.6 mmol/l in TPN rats and 12 +/- 0.8 mmol/l in fed controls; it was 7 +/- 0.3 mmol/l in fasted rats. In TPN rats, the serum concentrations of free fatty acids, triglycerides and cholesterol were increased by 100%, 50% and 25%, respectively, compared to fed controls. Fasted rats had higher circulating concentrations of free fatty acids (20%) and lower concentrations of triglycerides (- 40%) than fed controls; fasted rats did not differ from fed controls with respect to serum cholesterol. Conclusion: The circulating ghrelin concentration is high in situations of nutritional deficiency (starvation) and low in situations of nutritional plenty (free access to food or TPN). The actual presence or absence of food in the GI tract seems irrelevant. Circulating insulin and glucose concentrations did not differ much between TPN rats and fed controls, serum lipids, however, were elevated in the TPN rats. We suggest that elevated blood lipid levels contribute to the suppression of circulating ghrelin in rats subjected to TPN for 8 days.
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13.
  • Öhrström, Margareta, et al. (författare)
  • Working Capacity and Well-Being after Radical Cystectomy with Continent Cutaneous Diversion.
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7560 .- 0302-2838. ; 49:4, s. 691-697
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: The primary aim was to compare the working capacity in patients with continent urinary diversion with a control group. Secondary aims were to assess the changes in electrolyte and acid-base homeostasis and the functional status during strenuous physical activity, and finally, the well-being in the two groups. Methods: Eleven patients who had undergone radical cystectomy and continent cutaneous diversion using an ileocolonic segment participated. The control group consisted of 12 men, matched for age and activity level. Working capacity was assessed by ergospirometry on an exercise bicycle. Venous blood samples were taken before the test, when the expiratory exchange ratio (RER) was about 1.0 and immediately after completion of the test. SF-36 was used to evaluate the subject's functional status and well-being. Results: The median working capacity in the patient group was 155 (85190) W and 155 (125-215) W in the control group (n.s.) corresponding to 72 (43-97) % and 80 (59-97) % respectively of predicted values. Peak oxygen uptake was somewhat low in both groups when compared to P-O Astrands norms. Blood tests revealed that patients developed a slight metabolic hyperchloremic acidosis, not seen in the control group. There were no differences between the groups as assessed with SF-36. Conclusion: Patients with a continent urinary diversion have a working capacity equal to a control group despite a slight metabolic hyperchloremic acidosis. Quality of life was similar in the two groups and corresponded well with the norms for the general Swedish population aged 65 to 74. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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