| 41. |
- Ericsson, Maria, et al.
(author)
-
Domestication effects on behavioural and hormonal responses to acute stress in chickens
- 2014
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In: Physiology and Behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-9384 .- 1873-507X. ; 133, s. 161-169
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Comparative studies have shown that alterations in physiology, morphology and behaviour have arisen due to the domestication. A driving factor behind many of the changes could be a shift in stress responses, with modified endocrine and behavioural profiles. In the present study we compared two breeds of chicken (Gallus gallus), the domestic White Leghorn (WL) egg laying breed and its ancestor, the Red Junglefowl (RJF). Birds were exposed to an acute stress event, invoked by 3 or 10 min of physical restraint. They were then continuously monitored for the effects on a wide range of behaviours during a 60 min recovery phase. Blood samples were collected from the chicken at baseline, and after 10 and 60 min following a similar restraint stress, and the samples were analyzed for nine endogenous steroids of the HPA and HPG axes. Concentration of the steroids was determined using validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry methods. In RJF, an immediate behavioural response was observed after release from restraint in several behaviours, with a relatively fast return to baseline within 1 h. In WL, some behaviours were affected for a longer period of time, and others not at all. Concentrations of corticosterone increased more in RJF, but returned faster to baseline compared to WL. A range of baseline levels for HPG-related steroids differed between the breeds, and they were generally more affected by the stress in WL than in RJF. In conclusion, RJF reacted stronger both behaviourally and physiologically to the restraint stress, but also recovered faster. This would appear to be adaptive under natural conditions, whereas the stress recovery of domesticated birds has been altered by domestication and breeding for increased reproductive output.
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| 42. |
- Ericsson, Maria, 1970-, et al.
(author)
-
Factors associated with patient decision time in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, in early and late responders : an observational cross-sectional survey study
- 2022
-
In: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Oxford University Press. - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 21:7, s. 694-701
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIMS: A short time span from symptom onset to reperfusion is imperative in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with patient decision time for seeking care in STEMI, particularly how symptoms were experienced and affected patient response.METHODS AND RESULTS: A multicentre cross-sectional self-report survey study was completed at five Swedish hospitals representing geographic diversity. The 521 patients were divided into three groups based on their time to respond to symptoms: early (<20 min), intermediate (20-90 min), and late responders (>90 min). Only one out of five patients both responded early and called an ambulance within 20 min. Believing symptoms were cardiac in origin [odds ratio (OR) 2.60], male sex (OR 2.40), left anterior descending artery as culprit artery (OR 1.77), and bystanders calling an ambulance (OR 4.32) were factors associated with early response and correct action. Associated symptoms such as dyspnoea (OR 1.67) and weakness (OR 1.65) were associated with an early action (<20 min), while chest pain was not independently associated with response time. Cold sweat (OR 0.61) prevented late care-seeking behaviour as did a high symptom burden (OR 0.86).CONCLUSION: Misinterpretation of symptoms delays correct care-seeking behaviour because patient expectations may not be aligned with the experience when stricken by Myocardial infarction. Therefore, it is imperative to continuously enhance public awareness in correct symptom recognition and appropriate care-seeking behaviour and to make efforts to educate individuals at risk for STEMI as well as their next of kin.
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| 43. |
- Ericsson, Maria, et al.
(author)
-
Interaction between tele-nurses and callers with an evolving myocardial infarction : consequences for level of directed care
- 2019
-
In: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Sage Publications. - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 18:7, s. 545-553
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Rapid contact with emergency medical services is imperative to save the lives of acute myocardial infarction patients. However, many patients turn to a telehealth advisory nurse instead, where the delivery of urgent and safe care largely depends on how the interaction in the call is established.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the interaction between tele-nurses and callers with an evolving myocardial infarction after contacting a national telehealth advisory service number as their first medical contact.Method: Twenty men and 10 women (aged 46–89 years) were included. Authentic calls were analysed using inductive content analysis.Findings: One overall category, Movement towards directed level of care, labelled the whole interaction between the tele-nurse and the caller. Four categories conceptualised the different interactions: a distinct, reasoning, indecisive or irrational interaction. The interactions described how tele-nurses and callers assessed and elaborated on symptoms, context and actions. The interaction was pivotal for progress in the dialogue and affected the achievement of mutual understanding in the communicative process. An indecisive or irrational interaction could increase the risk of failing to recommend or call for acute care.Conclusion: The interaction in the communication could either lead or mislead the level of care directed in the call. This study adds new perspectives to the communicative process in the acute setting in order to identify a myocardial infarction and the level of urgency from both individuals experiencing myocardial infarction and professionals in the health system.
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| 44. |
- Ericsson, Maria, et al.
(author)
-
Long-Term and Transgenerational Effects of Stress Experienced during Different Life Phases in Chickens (Gallus gallus)
- 2016
-
In: PLOS ONE. - : Plos One. - 1932-6203. ; 11:4
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Stress in animals causes not only immediate reactions, but may affect their biology for long periods, even across generations. Particular interest has been paid to perinatal stress, but also adolescence has been shown to be a sensitive period in mammals. So far, no systematic study has been performed of the relative importance of stress encountered during different life phases. In this study, groups of chickens were exposed to a six-day period of repeated stress during three different life phases: early (two weeks), early puberty (eight weeks) and late puberty (17 weeks), and the effects were compared to an unstressed control group. The short-term effects were assessed by behaviour, and the long-term and transgenerational effects were determined by effects on behavior and corticosterone secretion, as well as on hypothalamic gene expression. Short-term effects were strongest in the two week group and the eight week group, whereas long-term and transgenerational effects were detected in all three stress groups. However, stress at different ages affected different aspects of the biology of the chickens, and it was not possible to determine a particularly sensitive life phase. The results show that stress during puberty appears to be at least equally critical as the previously studied early life phase. These findings may have important implications for animal welfare in egg production, since laying hens are often exposed to stress during the three periods pinpointed here.
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| 45. |
- Ericsson, Maria, 1970-, et al.
(author)
-
Lärarenkät om de nationella proven i matematik : Kurs B, C och D våren 2004
- 2005
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Av de 329 lärare som besvarat enkäten för Matematik B har 35 % angett att deras elever tillhör samhällsprogrammet och 11 % att deras elever tillhör estetiska programmet. För dessa program är kursprovet i Matematik B obligatoriskt. Av de svarande lärarna tycker 72 % att poänggränsen för betyget Godkänd är lämplig och bland de övriga är det något fler, 18 %, som tycker att den är för låg. När det gäller totalpoänggränsen samt minsta antal vg-poäng för provbetyget Väl godkänd tycker 77 % respektive 82 % att gränserna är lämpliga. 90 % av lärarna tycker att det är bra eller mycket bra att bedömningen sker med både g- och vg-poäng och 75 % anser att provet till ganska eller mycket stor del kan användas som ett viktigt underlag för att sätta kursbetyget Mycket väl godkänd. 80 % tycker till ganska eller mycket stor del att informationen och anvisningarna om hur kursprovet skall användas som underlag för bedömning med betyget Mycket väl godkänd var tillräcklig. Några enkätfrågor behandlar uppgifternas språkliga utformning till exempelvad gäller ordval, meningsbyggnad, textmängd och layout. Av lärarsvaren att döma är ordval och meningsbyggnad mer problematiskt för eleven än textmängd, och layouten upplevs inte som något problem utom i något enstaka fall. Av enkäten framgår att många elever, 59 %, i ganska liten eller mycket liten utsträckning fått ta del av innebörden i de tre aspekter som ligger bakom bedömningen av provets sista uppgift. Det är en minskning jämfört med tidigare år. Bland de positiva allmänna kommentarerna kan nämnas att flera lärare tycker att det är ett mycket bra prov och att provet ger ett bra underlag för att se var G/VG- och VG/MVG-gränserna ligger. Det finns också några negativa omdömen som att provet är för teoretiskt och då särskilt med tanke på elever som går på samhälls- och estetprogrammet. Några kommentarer antyder att det inte finns ett tillräckligt fylligt underlag för betygssteget IG/G, vilket skulle kunna tolkas som att de finns lite för få uppgifter för de elever som ligger nära gränsen för betyget Godkänd.
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| 46. |
- Ericsson, Maria, 1970-, et al.
(author)
-
Lärarenkät om de nationella proven i matematik : Kurs B, C och D hösten 2003
- 2004
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Det är 63 lärare som besvarat enkäten och huvuddelen av dem, 66 %, är lärare vars elever tillhör komvux. Den näst största gruppen, 16 %, är lärare vars elever tillhör samhällsprogrammet. Om man ser till hela läsår så är det normalt sett en mindre andel av eleverna som gör höstterminsprovet än som gör vårterminsprovet. På vårterminsprovet brukar den andel av eleverna som tillhör samhällsprogrammet vara störst. Det är 67 % av lärarna som tycker att poänggränsen för betyget Godkänd är lämplig och de övriga, 33 %, tycker att den är för låg. När det gäller totalpoänggränsen samt minsta antal vg-poäng för provbetyget Väl godkänd tycker 81 % respektive 78 % att gränserna är lämpliga. 91 % tycker att det är bra eller mycket bra att bedömningen sker med både g- och vg-poäng. Det är 76 % som anser att provet till ganska eller mycket stor del kan användas som ett viktigt underlag för att sätta kursbetyget Mycket väl godkänd. 81 % tycker till ganska eller mycket stor del att informationen och anvisningarna om hur kursprovet skall användas som underlag för bedömning med betyget Mycket väl godkänd var tillräcklig. De flesta, 89 %, anser att det är bra eller mycket bra med en miniräknarfri del och 89 % tycker att en ganska eller mycket stor andel av uppgifterna på denna del var av en typ som borde ingå där. En stor andel av lärarna, 92 %, anser att kursprovet i ganska eller mycket stor utsträckning speglar ämnessynen i kursplanen och 73 % anser att kursprovet påverkar deras tolkning av kursplanens mål och kriterier i ganska eller mycket stor utsträckning. När det gäller i vilken mån som kursprovet påverkar det innehåll, i betydelsen delmål och delfärdigheter, som tas upp i undervisningen anser 64 % av lärarna att det sker i ganska eller mycket stor utsträckning och 73 % av lärarna anser att kursprovet i ganska eller mycket stor utsträckning påverkar det slutbetyg som de ger enskilda elever. På samma sätt som för provet som gavs våren 2003 är det för höstens prov en ganska stor andel lärare som tror att mängden text i provet påverkade deras elevers resultat negativt. 46 % av lärarna anser att det påverkade eleverna negativt i ganska eller mycket stor utsträckning. Av enkäten framgår att många elever, 76 %, i ganska liten eller mycket liten utsträckning fått ta del av innehållet i den generella bedömningsmatris som ligger bakom aspektbedömningen av provets sista uppgift. Det har varit ungefär på samma vis de senaste åren. Bland de positiva allmänna kommentarerna kan nämnas att flera lärare tycker att det är ett bra prov och att provet ger ett bra underlag för att se var G/VG- och VG/MVG-gränserna ligger. Det finns också några negativa omdömen som att det är för mycket text i uppgifterna och att språket borde vara något enklare och då särskilt med tanke på elever som inte går på teoretiska program. Några kommentarer antyder att det inte finns ett tillräckligt fylligt underlag för betygssteget IG/G, vilket skulle kunna tolkas som att de finns lite för få uppgifter för de elever som ligger nära gränsen för betyget Godkänd.
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| 47. |
- Ericsson, Maria, 1970-
(author)
-
No time to waste : Pre-hospital actions and time delays in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction – temporal trends and prognostic impact on short- and long-term survival
- 2022
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: In ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients, a rapid diagnosis is imperative to reduce total ischaemic time minimizing risk for heart failure, serious arrhythmias, or death. Prehospital context is complex, and the patient delay constitute major part of the pre-hospital phase. Patient delay has been prone hard to impact but the system delay has had major transformation during the years. Aim: The overall aim was to explore pre-hospital actions and time delays in STEMI patients, investigating temporal trends and estimate prognostic impact on short- and long-term survival. Methods: Study I, was a multicentre survey study, exploring decisions, and actions in relation to the choice of first medical contact (FMC). Study II was a sub-study to the multicentre survey, exploring the interaction between tele nurses and callers in authentic calls when the caller with an evolving myocardial infarction (MI) chose to call Swedish health care direct (SHD) as FMC. Study III, was based on the same database as study I, exploring early (< 20 minutes) and late (> 90 minutes) response from symptom onset in STEMI patients. Study IV, was based on SWEDEHEART-registry, investigating temporal trends in pre-specified risk groups for pro-longed pre-hospital delay times (PHDT), estimating cumulative survival in short and long term stratified in six different PHDT groups. Results: Study I, only half of the patients’ contacted emergency medical services (EMS) as their FMC. Choice of FMC prolonged time to diagnosis in relation of calling EMS. Choosing SHD pro-longed delay to diagnosis with 38 minutes. Study II, four interactions were found between tele-nurses and callers, reasoning, distinct, irrational, and indecisive, and type of interaction could lead or mislead the call moving progressively forward or not. Study III, bystanders calling EMS, men, intensive and alarming symptoms such as dyspnoea and weakness and to interpret symptoms attributed from the heart was associated with a rapid action calling an ambulance within 20 minutes, which was performed by one of five patients. Study IV, trend curves for median PHDT was hump shaped for the 20 years studied. Women, older age, and patients with diabetes had consistent pro-longed PHDT, except for the oldest patients (> 80 years). PHDT was an independent risk for short- and long-term survival. Patients with the shortest PHDT 0-1 hour had the highest mortality up to five days. In five-year follow up this group accompanied with the group within 1-2 hours had highest estimated survival. Conclusion: Pre-hospital delay is an independent predictor of short- and long-term survival. To interpret symptom correctly and knowledge in how to act, calling an ambulance rapidly, impact time to diagnosis and diminish time delays. Pre-hospital delay merits further attention regarding future interventions.
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| 48. |
- Ericsson, Maria, 1982-
(author)
-
Stress in chickens : Effects of domestication and early experience on behaviour and welfare
- 2016
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The domestication is the process where animals have adapted to human conditions. A prerequisite for domestication is tame behaviour towards humans and subsequently, selection for other desirable traits took place which led to changes in several behavioural and physiological parameters. The domestication of chickens (Gallus gallus) was initiated around 8000 years ago, and today we see clear phenotypic and genotypic alterations when comparing domestic breeds with the wild ancestor. Our modern domestic production breeds have been selected for, and still undergo heavy selection for high meat and egg yields. Beside obvious morphological changes, studies investigating behavioural differences between the ancestral Red Junglefowl and domestic breeds show, for example, differences in fearfulness, foraging strategies, exploratory behaviour and sociality. The modern production environments are intense and already from hatch chicks are exposed to harsh conditions. From an animal welfare perspective, the production environment contain many stressful aspects. The shift in stressor types between wild and captive conditions have likely contributed to alterations in stress tolerance when comparing domestic breeds to the wild ancestors. Previous research on mammalian models have underlined that early-life stressor exposure can induce negative consequences both immediately and in adulthood, but can also affect the offspring in a transgenerational fashion. The effects observed are for example disturbance of normal brain development, a hyper-reactive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) -axis, decreased immune function and increased risk of developing cognitive dysfunction and abnormal behaviour. In chickens, the long-term effects of stress during the chick phase and during puberty are not well-investigated, and further, conflicting data has been presented on the hatchling HPA-axis reactivity.In this thesis, results from four projects are presented, which all concern stress and welfare at different ages in chickens. The development of the HPA-axis and how chicks respond to early stress both on the short- and long term was investigated. Furthermore, an experiment on the effects of stress exposure a different ages during puberty was conducted, in search of particularly stress-sensitive periods. Two papers address domestication effects on the stress response.In paper I, the results show that the HPA-axis is fully functioning at hatch, resulting in elevated corticosterone levels at exposure to stressful conditions. Breed differences indicate domestication effects on the reactivity and development of the HPA-axis; the Red Junglefowl displayed a lower corticosterone baseline and a lower stress response on day one, compared to a domestic breed, whereas the results were the opposite on day 23. Similar results were seen in paper IV, conducted on adult birds, where the Red Junglefowl had a more pronounced reaction to acute stress but a faster recovery period, both with respect to behaviour and physiology. In commercial hatcheries, chick are exposed to multiple potential stressors on their first day of life. In paper II, chicks who had experienced the potentially stressful environment in a commercial hatchery was compared to a quietly treated control group. The hatchery managed birds displayed a reduced growth pattern and tendencies towards altered vigilance and reduced locomotion was seen as an effect of stress in adulthood.In paper III, it was demonstrated that one week of stress exposure at different ages during the chick phase and puberty affect long-term behaviour and physiology, however depending on age of stress exposure, different parameters were affected. The early stress also induced transgenerational effects, most clearly on HPA-axis reactivity, and showed some overlapping differentially expressed genes.In summary, domestication has altered the acute stress coping behaviours as well as the development and reactivity of the HPA-axis both in young and adult birds. Furthermore, puberty can be regarded as an equally stress sensitive period as the chick stage and affect various behaviours, stress physiology and gene expression. The outcome can vary depending on timing and nature of stressor.
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| 49. |
- Ericsson, Peter, et al.
(author)
-
ECL Cell Histamine Mobilization Studied byGastric Submucosal Microdialysis in Awake Rats:Methodological Considerations.
- 2003
-
In: Pharmacology and Toxicology. - : Wiley. - 1600-0773 .- 0901-9928. ; 93:2, s. 57-65
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ECL cells are endocrine/paracrine cells in the acid-producing part of the stomach. They secrete histamine in response to circulating gastrin. Gastric submucosal microdialysis has been used to study ECL-cell histamine mobilization in awake rats. In the present study we assess the usefulness and limitations of the technique. Microdialysis probes were implanted in the gastric submucosa. Histological analysis of the stomach wall around the probe revealed a moderate, local inflammatory reaction 1-2 days after implantation; the inflammation persisted for at least 10 days. Experiments were conducted 3 days after the implantation. The "true" submucosal histamine concentration was determined by perfusing at different rates (the zero flow method) or with different concentrations of histamine at a constant rate (the no-net-flux method): in fasted rats it was calculated to be 87±5 (means±S.E.M.) nmol/l and 76±9 nmol/l, respectively. The corresponding histamine concentrations in fed rats were 93±5 and 102±8 nmol/l, respectively. With a perfusion rate of 74 mul/hr the recovery of submucosal histamine was 49%, at 34 mul/hr the recovery increased to 83%. At a perfusion rate below 20 mul/hr the microdialysate histamine concentration was close to the actual concentration in the submucosa. The ECL-cell histamine mobilization was independent of the concentrations of Ca2+ in the perfusion medium (0-3.4 mmol/l Ca2+). In one experiment, histamine mobilization in response to gastrin (10 nmol/kg/hr subcutaneously) was monitored in rats pretreated with prednisolone (60 mg/kg) or indomethacin (15 mg/kg). The two antiinflammatory agents failed to affect the concentration of histamine in the microdialysate either before or during the gastrin challenge, which was in accord with the observation that the inflammatory reaction was modest and that inflammatory cells were relatively few around the probe and in the wall of the probe. In another experiment, rats were given aminoguanidine (10 mg/kg) or metoprine (10 mg/kg) 4 hr before the start of gastrin infusion (5 nmol/kg/hr intravenously). Metoprine (inhibitor of histamine N-methyl transferase) did not affect the microdialysate histamine concentration, while aminoguanidine (inhibitor of diamine oxidase) raised both basal and gastrin-stimulated histamine concentrations. We conclude that microdialysis can be used to monitor changes in the concentration of histamine in the submucosa of the stomach, and that the inflammatory reaction to the probe is moderate and does not affect the submucosal histamine mobilization.
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| 50. |
- Eriksson, Benjamin, et al.
(author)
-
First measurement in a magnetic confinement fusion experiment of the T + T -> 5He + n intermediate two-body resonant reaction
-
In: Physical Review C. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report on the first experimental measurements made at a magnetic confinement fusion device of the T + T → α + 2n reaction indicating the presence of the intermediate two-body resonant reaction T + T → ⁵He + n. During the second deuterium-tritium campaign (DTE2) at the Joint European Torus, measurements of fusion plasmas with high tritium concentrations, n_T/(n_T + n_D) ≈ 0.99, heated with T neutral beam injection (NBI), were performed using the neutron time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometer TOFOR. We detect a peak in the neutron emission TOF spectrum consistent with the two-body resonant reaction. The TT neutron emission energy spectrum is modeled using an R-matrix framework where the distributions of the most likely model parameters given our experimental TOF data are determined utilizing a Markov chain Monte Carlo approach. We compare our best estimate of the TT neutron emission energy spectrum with results obtained at inertial confinement fusion experiments at the OMEGA facility and find a spectral shape that is consistent with the energy dependency in the neutron spectrum observed at OMEGA.
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