| 61. |
- Rasmussen, Morten, et al.
(författare)
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The genome of a Late Pleistocene human from a Clovis burial site in western Montana
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 506:7487, s. 225-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clovis, with its distinctive biface, blade and osseous technologies, is the oldest widespread archaeological complex defined in North America, dating from 11,100 to 10,700 C-14 years before present (BP) (13,000 to 12,600 calendar years BP)(1,2). Nearly 50 years of archaeological research point to the Clovis complex as having developed south of the North American ice sheets from an ancestral technology(3). However, both the origins and the genetic legacy of the people who manufactured Clovis tools remain under debate. It is generally believed that these people ultimately derived from Asia and were directly related to contemporary Native Americans(2). An alternative, Solutrean, hypothesis posits that the Clovis predecessors emigrated from southwestern Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum(4). Here we report the genome sequence of a male infant (Anzick-1) recovered from the Anzick burial site in western Montana. The human bones date to 10,705 +/- 35 C-14 years BP (approximately 12,707-12,556 calendar years BP) and were directly associated with Clovis tools. We sequenced the genome to an average depth of 14.4x and show that the gene flow from the Siberian Upper Palaeolithic Mal'ta population(5) into Native American ancestors is also shared by the Anzick-1 individual and thus happened before 12,600 years BP. We also show that the Anzick-1 individual is more closely related to all indigenous American populations than to any other group. Our data are compatible with the hypothesis that Anzick-1 belonged to a population directly ancestral to many contemporary Native Americans. Finally, we find evidence of a deep divergence in Native American populations that predates the Anzick-1 individual.
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| 62. |
- Schunk, Stefan J., et al.
(författare)
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Genetically determined NLRP3 inflammasome activation associates with systemic inflammation and cardiovascular mortality
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 42:18, s. 1742-1756
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimsInflammation plays an important role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. The NOD-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome contributes to the development of atherosclerosis in animal models. Components of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway such as interleukin-1β can therapeutically be targeted. Associations of genetically determined inflammasome-mediated systemic inflammation with CVD and mortality in humans are unknown.Methods and resultsWe explored the association of genetic NLRP3 variants with prevalent CVD and cardiovascular mortality in 538 167 subjects on the individual participant level in an explorative gene-centric approach without performing multiple testing. Functional relevance of single-nucleotide polymorphisms on NLRP3 inflammasome activation has been evaluated in monocyte-enriched peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Genetic analyses identified the highly prevalent (minor allele frequency 39.9%) intronic NLRP3 variant rs10754555 to affect NLRP3 gene expression. rs10754555 carriers showed significantly higher C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A plasma levels. Carriers of the G allele showed higher NLRP3 inflammasome activation in isolated human PBMCs. In carriers of the rs10754555 variant, the prevalence of coronary artery disease was significantly higher as compared to non-carriers with a significant interaction between rs10754555 and age. Importantly, rs10754555 carriers had significantly higher risk for cardiovascular mortality during follow-up. Inflammasome inducers (e.g. urate, triglycerides, apolipoprotein C3) modulated the association between rs10754555 and mortality.ConclusionThe NLRP3 intronic variant rs10754555 is associated with increased systemic inflammation, inflammasome activation, prevalent coronary artery disease, and mortality. This study provides evidence for a substantial role of genetically driven systemic inflammation in CVD and highlights the NLRP3 inflammasome as a therapeutic target.
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| 63. |
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| 64. |
- Xie, Meng, et al.
(författare)
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Secondary ossification center induces and protects growth plate structure
- 2020
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : ELIFE SCIENCES PUBLICATIONS LTD. - 2050-084X. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growth plate and articular cartilage constitute a single anatomical entity early in development but later separate into two distinct structures by the secondary ossification center (SOC). The reason for such separation remains unknown. We found that evolutionarily SOC appears in animals conquering the land - amniotes. Analysis of the ossification pattern in mammals with specialized extremities (whales, bats, jerboa) revealed that SOC development correlates with the extent of mechanical loads. Mathematical modeling revealed that SOC reduces mechanical stress within the growth plate. Functional experiments revealed the high vulnerability of hypertrophic chondrocytes to mechanical stress and showed that SOC protects these cells from apoptosis caused by extensive loading. Atomic force microscopy showed that hypertrophic chondrocytes are the least mechanically stiff cells within the growth plate. Altogether, these findings suggest that SOC has evolved to protect the hypertrophic chondrocytes from the high mechanical stress encountered in the terrestrial environment.
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| 65. |
- Abulaiti, Yiming, et al.
(författare)
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Observation and measurements of the production of prompt and non-prompt J/psi mesons in association with a Z boson in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 75:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The production of a Z boson in association with a J/psi meson in proton-proton collisions probes the production mechanisms of quarkonium and heavy flavour in association with vector bosons, and allows studies of multiple parton scattering. Using 20.3 fb(-1) of data collected with theATLAS experiment at the LHC in pp collisions at root s = 8 TeV, the first measurement of associated Z + J/psi production is presented for both prompt and non-prompt J/psi production, with both signatures having a significance in excess of 5 sigma. The inclusive production cross-sections for Z boson production (analysed in mu(+) mu(-) or e(+) e(-) decay modes) in association with prompt and non-prompt J/psi (-> mu(+) mu(-)) are measured relative to the inclusive production rate of Z bosons in the same fiducial volume to be (36.8 +/- 6.7 +/- 2.5) x 10(-7) and (65.8 +/- 9.2 +/- 4.2) x 10(-7) respectively. Normalised differential production cross-section ratios are also determined as a function of the J/psi transverse momentum. The fraction of signal events arising from single and double parton scattering is estimated, and a lower limit of 5.3 (3.7) mb at 68 (95)% confidence level is placed on the effective cross-section regulating double parton interactions.
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| 66. |
- Abulaiti, Yiming, et al.
(författare)
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Search for direct pair production of a chargino and a neutralino decaying to the 125 GeV Higgs boson in root s=8 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 75:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A search is presented for the direct pair production of a chargino and a neutralino pp -> (X) over tilde (+/-)(1)(X) over tilde (0)(2), where the chargino decays to the lightest neutralino and the W boson, (X) over tilde (+/-)(1) -> (X) over tilde (0)(1) (W-+/- -> l(+/-)nu), while the neutralino decays to the lightest neutralino and the 125 GeV Higgs boson, (X) over tilde (0)(2) -> (X) over tilde (0)(1) (h -> bb/gamma gamma/l(+/-)nu qq). The final states considered for the search have large missing transverse momentum, an isolated electron or muon, and one of the following: either two jets identified as originating from bottom quarks, or two photons, or a second electron or muon with the same electric charge. The analysis is based on 20.3 fb(-1) of root s = 8 TeV proton-proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with the Standard Model expectations, and limits are set in the context of a simplified supersymmetric model.
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| 67. |
- Abulaiti, Yiming, et al.
(författare)
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Search for invisible particles produced in association with single-top-quarks in proton-proton collisions at root s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 75:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A search for the production of single-top-quarks in association with missing energy is performed in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of root s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the large hadron collider using data collected in 2012, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb(-1). In this search, the W boson from the top quark is required to decay into an electron or a muon and a neutrino. No deviation from the standard model prediction is observed, and upper limits are set on the production cross-section for resonant and non-resonant production of an invisible exotic state in association with a right-handed top quark. In the case of resonant production, for a spin-0 resonance with amass of 500 GeV, an effective coupling strength above 0.15 is excluded at 95% confidence level for the top quark and an invisible spin-1/2 state with mass between 0 and 100 GeV. In the case of non-resonant production, an effective coupling strength above 0.2 is excluded at 95% confidence level for the top quark and an invisible spin-1 state with mass between 0 and 657 GeV.
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| 68. |
- Abulaiti, Yiming, et al.
(författare)
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Search for production of WW/WZ resonances decaying to a lepton, neutrino and jets in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 75:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A search is presented for narrow diboson resonances decaying to WW or WZ in the final state where one W boson decays leptonically (to an electron or a muon plus a neutrino) and the other W/Z boson decays hadronically. The analysis is performed using an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb(-1) of pp collisions at root s = 8 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the large hadron collider. No evidence for resonant diboson production is observed, and resonance masses below 700 and 1490 GeV are excluded at 95 % confidence level for the spin-2 Randall-Sundrum bulk graviton G* with coupling constant of 1.0 and the extended gauge model W' boson respectively.
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| 69. |
- Abulaiti, Yiming, et al.
(författare)
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Technical Design Report for the Phase-II Upgrade of the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This Technical Design Report describes the project to upgrade the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter for the operation at the High Luminosity LHC. The High Luminosity LHC is planned to begin operation in 2026 and to deliver more than ten times the integrated luminosity (up to 4000 fb"^{-1}" of the LHC Runs 1-3 combined. To achieve this integrated luminosity in a reasonable amount of time, an instantaneous luminosity of up to "7.5\times 10^{34} cm^{-2}s^{-1}" is required, corresponding to up to 200 simultaneous pp interactions per bunch crossing. The large luminosity offers the opportunity for a wealth of physics measurements but presents significant challenges to the detector as well as to the trigger and data acquisition systems in the form of increased trigger rates and detector occupancy. This document summarises the requirements and motivations for the Tile Calorimeter upgrade and gives a detailed technical description of the different components. It describes the beam tests with the prototypes in recent years and the plans for the assembly, quality assurance and the integration of the final system. The document also presents the key aspects of project management with an overview of the organisation, the schedule and the cost.
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| 70. |
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