| 821. |
- Yoo, Daisy, et al.
(författare)
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More-Than-Human Perspectives and Values in Human-Computer Interaction
- 2023
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Ingår i: CHI EA '23. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450394222 ; , s. 1-3
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this special interest group (SIG) we invite researchers, practitioners, and educators to share their perspectives and experiences on the expansion of human-centred perspective to more-than-human design orientation in human-computer interaction (HCI). This design for and with more-than-human perspectives and values cover a range of fields and topics, and comes with unique design opportunities and challenges. In this SIG, we propose a forum for exchange of concrete experiences and a range of perspectives, and to facilitate reflective discussions and the identification of possible future paths.
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| 822. |
- Ytreberg, Agnes, et al.
(författare)
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God havsmiljö 2020 : Marin strategi för Nordsjön och Östersjön Del 3: Övervakningsprogram
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Havsmiljöförordningens övergripande mål är att upprätthålla eller uppnå en god miljöstatus i de svenska förvaltningsområdena Nordsjön och Östersjön till år 2020. En av uppgifterna i den första förvaltningsperioden är att fastställa övervakningsprogram.God miljöstatus baseras på ett ramverk av så kallade deskriptorer som anges i havsmiljödirektivet, det vill säga det EU-direktiv som i Sverige genomförs genom havsmiljöförordningen. Deskriptorerna beskriver god miljöstatus på en övergripande nivå för elva temaområden. Till varje deskriptor hör en rad kriterier som anger vad som ska ingå i en bedömning av miljöstatus. Utifrån de elva deskriptorerna har Sverige fastställt 13 övervakningsprogram. Sex program utgår ifrån olika biodiversitetsteman som berörs av en upp till tre deskriptorer, medan de övriga sju programmen utgår ifrån de deskriptorer som är mer inriktade mot belastning och miljöförändring.För varje program har ett antal underprogram föreslagits baserat på den nuvarande övervakningen och/eller planerad övervakning. Övervakning som ingår i programmen ska vara pågående och data ska vara tillgängliga. I programmen ingår nationell och regional miljöövervakning inklusive verksamhetsutövares recipientkontroll. Dessutom ingår annan typ av datainsamling som till exempel inventeringar av tumlare och uppgifter om omfattningen av mänskliga aktiviteter som orsakar belastning och miljöförändringar. Enligt havsmiljödirektivet ska övervakningen fånga upp tillstånd och miljöförändringar, belastning och omfattning av aktiviteterna som orsakar belastningen samt effekter av åtgärder. Eftersom nästa steg i havsförvaltningscykeln är att fastställa åtgärdsprogram kommer övervakning för att följa upp åtgärder att läggas till övervakningsprogrammen först under nästa förvaltningscykel.I beskrivningarna av programmen framgår hur den nuvarande övervakningen motsvarar de krav som ställs på dataunderlag genom havsmiljödirektivets bilaga III samt genom deskriptorer, kriterier, indikatorer och beslutade miljökvalitetsnormer. I dagens övervakning saknas bland annat tillräcklig övervakning för uppföljning av livsmiljöers tillstånd och utbredning. För marint avfall, buller och främmande arter saknas nationellt samordnad övervakning, men det görs regionala insatser och ett antal projekt har genomförts eller påbörjats för att öka kunskapen om hur övervakning bäst ska utformas. För de program som har pågående övervakning beskrivs utvecklingsbehoven för att förbättra underlaget för de återkommande tillståndsbedömningarna.Övervakningsprogrammet som fastställs under 2014 utgör således inte ett fast program för kunskapsinhämtning. Bristerna kommer att beaktas i det fortsatta genomförandet av havsmiljöförordningen där utveckling av indikatorer och övervakning kommer att ske kontinuerligt.
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| 823. |
- Zamora-Ros, Raul, et al.
(författare)
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Sweetened beverages are associated with a higher risk of differentiated thyroid cancer in the EPIC cohort : a dietary pattern approach
- 2023
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 62:1, s. 105-114
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Dietary pattern analysis has gained particular interest, because it reflects the complexity of dietary intake. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between a posteriori dietary patterns, derived using a data-driven approach, and the risk of differentiated thyroid cancer (TC) in Europe. Methods: This investigation included 450,064 adults from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Dietary intake was assessed using validated country-specific dietary questionnaires. A posteriori dietary patterns were computed using principal component analyses. Cox regression was used to calculate multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: After a mean follow-up time of 14 years, 712 first differentiated TCs were diagnosed. In the fully adjusted model, a dietary pattern characterized by alcohol consumption (basically beer and wine) was negatively associated with differentiated TC risk (HRQ4vs.Q1 = 0.75; 95% CI:0.60–0.94, P-trend = 0.005), while a dietary pattern rich in sweetened beverages was positively associated with differentiated TC risk (HRQ4vs.Q1 = 1.26; 95% CI:0.99–1.61; P-trend = 0.07). The remaining 8 dietary patterns were not related to differentiated TC risk. The intake of sweetened beverages was positively associated with differentiated TC risk (HR100mL/d = 1.05; 95% CI:1.00–1.11), especially with papillary TC risk (HR100mL/d = 1.07; 95% CI:1.01–1.13). Similar results were observed with sugary and artificially sweetened beverages. Conclusions: The investigation of dietary patterns detected that the consumption of sweetened beverages was associated with a higher risk of differentiated thyroid cancer. Our results are in line with the general dietary recommendations of reducing the consumption of sweetened beverages.
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| 824. |
- Zhang, Lei, et al.
(författare)
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Diverse cuticular remains in Cambrian (Series 2) SSF assemblages from China and the pioneer metazoan colonization of offshore environments
- 2021
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Ingår i: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-0182. ; 567
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our understanding of the early Cambrian bioradiation is largely driven by the contrasting information obtained from small skeletal fossils (SSF) and various types of exceptionally preserved fossils from different parts of the world. In this study, a new ‘Orsten’-type fossil Lagerstätte is reported from the Cambrian Series 2 upper Shuijingtuo Formation in the eastern Three Gorges area, South China. The Shuijingtuo Formation yielded a range of microscopic fragments of metazoan cuticles as well as fragments of possible epithelial tissue. Seventeen different types of micro-ornamentation patterns are recognized on the surface of these cuticular fragments. Based on comparisons with fossil organisms recorded from coeval strata elsewhere, as well as extant relatives, possible affinities with arthropods, palaeoscolecids, acrotretid brachiopods and mollusks are discussed. This ‘Orsten’-type fossil assemblage was deposited in offshore environments, and the lack of evidence for long-distance transportation indicates that a highly diverse fauna was present in, or very close to, the relatively deep shelf settings in the Three Gorges area during the early Cambrian (Epoch 2, Age 3). The invasion of metazoans into deeper, offshore environments could have closely followed, or even been coeval, with their radiation in relatively shallow water settings. Thus, albeit highly fragmented, such cuticular fossils can aid in providing a more complete picture of the Cambrian bioradiation.
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| 825. |
- Zwackman, Sammy, et al.
(författare)
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Management and outcome in foreign-born vs native-born patients with myocardial infarction in Sweden.
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal - Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes. - : Oxford University Press. - 2058-5225 .- 2058-1742.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Previous studies on disparities in healthcare and outcome have shown conflicting results. The aim of this study was to assess differences in baseline characteristics, management, and outcome in myocardial infarction (MI) patients, by country of birth.METHODS: In total, 194 259 MI patients (64% male, 15% foreign-born) from the nationwide SWEDEHEART registry were included and compared by geographic region of birth. The primary outcome was one-year major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) including all-cause death, MI, and stroke. Secondary outcomes were long-term MACE (up to 12 years), the individual components of MACE, 30-day mortality, management, and risk factors. Logistic regression, Cox proportional hazard models and propensity score matching (PSM), accounting for baseline differences, were used.RESULTS: Foreign-born patients were younger, often male, and had a higher cardiovascular (CV) risk factor burden, including smoking, diabetes, and hypertension. In PSM analyses, Asia-born patients had higher likelihood of revascularisation (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.04-1.30), statins and betablocker prescription at discharge and a 34% lower risk of 30-day mortality. Furthermore, no statistically significant differences were found in the primary outcomes except for Asia-born patients having lower risk of one-year MACE (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.73-0.98), driven by lower mortality (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.57-0.91). The results persisted over long-term follow-up.CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that in a system with universal healthcare coverage in which acute and secondary preventive treatments do not differ by country of birth, foreign-born patients, despite higher CV risk factor burden, will do at least as well as native-born patients.
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| 826. |
- Åberg, Maria A I, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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IGF-I has a direct proliferative effect in adult hippocampal progenitor cells.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Molecular and cellular neurosciences. - 1044-7431. ; 24:1, s. 23-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential direct effects of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) on adult rat hippocampal stem/progenitor cells (AHPs). IGF-I-treated cultures showed a dose-dependent increase in thymidine incorporation, total number of cells, and number of cells entering the mitosis phase. Pretreatment with fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) increased the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) expression, and both FGF-2 and IGF-I were required for maximal proliferation. Time-lapse recordings showed that IGF-I at 100 ng/ml decreased differentiation and increased proliferation of single AHPs. Specific inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), or the downstream effector of the PI3-K pathway, serine/threonine p70 S6 kinase (p70(S6K)), showed that both the MAPK and the PI3-K pathways participate in IGF-I-induced proliferation but that the MAPK activation is obligatory. These results were confirmed with dominant-negative constructs for these pathways. Stimulation of differentiation was found at a low dose (1 ng/ml) of IGF-I, clonal analysis indicating an instructive component of IGF-I signaling.
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| 827. |
- Åkerblom, Erika
(författare)
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Utbildning och hälsa i nationens intresse : Styrningsteknologier och formering av en förädlad befolkning
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Avhandlingen består av fyra artiklar vilka handlar om medborgarfostran för att skapa en välfungerande nation. Syftet med avhandlingen är att problematisera hur utbildning och hälsa opererar som styrningsteknologier riktade mot befolkningen inom dagens förädlingsdiskurs. Det teoretiska och analytiska ramverket utgår från delar ur Foucaults begreppsapparat, nämligen styrningsmentalitet, biopolitik, diskursanalys och genealogi. Empirin består bland annat av offentliga dokument så som SOU, projektrapporter samt websidor. Analysen visar att även om befolkningen och dess problem beskrivs som olika, så antas det vara grundat i, och härröra från, okunnighet. För att åtgärda detta opererar utbildning och utbildningsinsatser för att skapa en välfungerande befolkning. Medborgarna styrs och regleras genom neoliberal styrning där tekniker som kontroll och disciplin möjliggör kartläggning, undervisningsinsatser, kategorisering och reglering. Den hälsosamma medborgaren förväntas vara autonom, ha viljan att ständigt lära och vara hälsosam i enlighet med normen.
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| 828. |
- Åsberg, Signild, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced Risk of Death with Warfarin : Results of an Observational Nationwide Study of 20 442 Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Ischemic Stroke
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Stroke. - : SAGE Publications. - 1747-4930 .- 1747-4949. ; 8:8, s. 689-695
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundWarfarin is demonstrated to be superior in efficacy over antiplatelet agents (AP) for the prevention of stroke, but the relationship between warfarin and mortality is less clear. Our aim was to investigate this relationship in a large cohort of unselected patients with atrial fibrillation and ischemic stroke.MethodsThis observational study was based on patients who were discharged alive and registered in the Swedish Stroke Register in 2001 through 2005. Vital status was retrieved by linkage to the Swedish Cause of Death Register. We calculated a propensity score for the likelihood of warfarin prescription at discharge from hospital. The risk of death and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated in Cox regression models.ResultsOut of the 20 442 patients with atrial fibrillation and ischemic stroke (mean age=79.5 years), 31% (n=6399) were prescribed warfarin. After adjustment for the propensity score, warfarin was associated with a reduced risk of death (0.67; 95% CI, 0.63-0.71). The crude rate (per 100 person-years) of fatal non-hemorrhagic stroke was lower in patients who received warfarin (1.60; 95% CI, 1.34-1.89) compared to those who received AP (6.83; 95% CI, 6.42-7.25). The rates (per 100 person-years) of fatal hemorrhagic stroke were 0.21 (95% CI, 0.12-0.32) and 0.43 (95% CI, 0.34-0.55) in patients prescribed warfarin and AP therapy, respectively.ConclusionsIn addition to its established benefit for stroke prevention, warfarin therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation and ischemic stroke was associated with a reduced risk of death, without an increased risk of fatal hemorrhagic stroke.
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| 829. |
- Åsberg, S., et al.
(författare)
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SEX DIFFERENCES IN STROKE CARE - OBSERVATIONS FROM THE SWEDISH STROKE REGISTER 2005-2018
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Stroke. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia. - 1747-4930 .- 1747-4949. ; 15:Suppl. 1, s. 128-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background and Aims: Previous studies of stroke management and outcome after stroke in Sweden reveal differences between men and women. Our aim was to analyze if these differences have altered over time.Methods: All stroke events registered in Riksstroke, the Swedish Stroke Register during 2005–2018 were included. We performed unadjusted and age-stratified analyzes.Results: We identified 335,183 events (161,939 women; 173,244 men). Women were older than men at stroke onset (mean age 78.1 vs. 73.3 years). In both sexes, there was an increase in the proportion of ischemic stroke patients receiving reperfusion therapy 2005–2018 (1.3–16.6% in women; 2.5–16.8% in men) and, among those with atrial fibrillation, oral anticoagulants at discharge (26.4–75.8% in women; 36.7–77.7% in men). There was an increased proportion of patients prescribed statins, but during the entire study period the proportion remained lower in women (31.7–75.3%) in comparison to men (42.6–83.5%). In addition, women were less likely to be treated at stroke or intensive care units (78.4–90.6%) than men (81.9–91.8%). In 2018, unadjusted 28-day case fatality was 14.9% in women and 10.8% in men. For patients under the age of 80, case fatality was 7.2% in both women and men.Conclusions: In this large nation-wide observational study, we report a more equal care between women and men. Still, women were less often prescribed statins and were less often treated at stroke units. One explanation to these differences could be women’s higher age at stroke onset, with a presumed frailty, but further analyzes are needed to investigate if the disparity is motivated.
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| 830. |
- Åsberg, Signild, et al.
(författare)
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Statin therapy and the risk of intracerebral haemorrhage : a nationwide observational study
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Stroke. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1747-4930 .- 1747-4949. ; 10, s. 46-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The association between statin therapy and intracerebral haemorrhage is still unclear. The aim was to investigate whether prior use of statin was associated with risk of intracerebral haemorrhage.METHODS: Between 2006 and 2009, we identified 7696 cases of intracerebral haemorrhage that were first-ever strokes in the Swedish Stroke Register and 14 670 stroke-free controls that were matched on age and gender in the Population Register. Drug therapy at the time of intracerebral haemorrhage was extracted from the Drug Prescription Register. The risk of intracerebral haemorrhage with statins was estimated by conditional logistic regression.RESULTS: In cases and controls, the median age was 73 years and 53% were men. Intracerebral haemorrhage cases had higher prevalence of antithrombotic therapy, hypertension, and diabetes than controls. Statins were used by 1276 (16·6%) of the intracerebral haemorrhage cases and by 2552 (17·4%) of the controls. The crude odds ratios of intracerebral haemorrhage did not differ significantly between patients with and without statins, but after adjustment for antithrombotic therapy, hypertension, and diabetes, patients with statins had a decreased risk of intracerebral haemorrhage (odds ratio = 0·68, 95% confidence interval, 0·63-0·74). The highest proportion (>20%) of antecedent statins was seen in the 70-84 age group, for both cases and controls.CONCLUSIONS: In this matched case-controlled study, statin therapy was associated with a decreased risk of incident intracerebral haemorrhage. Future studies on risk of stroke with statin therapy after intracerebral haemorrhage are needed.
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