| 21. |
- Fan, Xing, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Guaranteed real-time services over standard switched Ethernet
- 2005
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Ingår i: The IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks, 30th Anniversary. - New York, NY : IEEE Computer Society. - 0769524214 ; , s. 490-492
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we contribute with an approach to support guaranteed real-time services over standard switched Ethernet without additional hardware or software modification of the switch and the underlying standard. In our proposal, the traffic differentiation mechanism introduced by the IEEE 802.1D/Q standard and the standard hardware-implemented first come first served (FCFS) priority queuing are used in the switch and the source nodes. We have derived a feasibility analysis algorithm that can be used to ensure that the real-time requirements can be met. The algorithm also gives, as a sub-result, the needed buffer space in the end nodes and the switch. Moreover, our feasibility analysis supports variable-sized frames and switches with different bit-rates ports. The simulation analysis verifies our feasibility analysis.
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| 22. |
- Fan, Xing, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Network component architectures from a real-time perspective
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this report, we survey different architectural features of network components for packet-switched networks. Especially, we have a real-time perspective in the study. We also discuss how different architectural features vary with different implementations of two standards, RapidIO and switched Ethernet.
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| 23. |
- Fan, Xu, et al.
(författare)
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New applications of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWIBA) and calcined clay in construction: Preparation and use of an eco-friendly artificial aggregate
- 2023
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Ingår i: Construction and Building Materials. - 0950-0618. ; 387
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to prepare MSWIBA as eco-friendly artificial aggregates (EFAAs) by cold bond granulation technique using a low carbon limestone calcined clay cement (LC3). The water absorption rate of EFAAs is between 14.42 and 21.82%, and the maximum compressive strength can reach 2.5 MPa. Calcined clay particles can effectively adsorb heavy metal ions after absorbing water, and EFAAs can reduce the leaching value of toxic elements in MSWIBA by more than half on average. Compared to standard OPC cementitious materials, LC3 composites only need 50% of the energy and discharge 43% of the CO2, producing a more environmentally friendly artificial aggregate. In addition, the 28-day compressive strength of concrete was higher than 30 MPa on average after applying EFAAs to concrete. The good application capability shown by EFAAs, as well as their low energy consumption and low carbon environmental characteristics, promote the better application of MSWIBA in buildings.
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| 24. |
- Fan, Xing, 1975-
(författare)
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Real-Time Communication Services for Distributed Computing over Switched Ethernet
- 2004
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In modern and future parallel and distributed processing, a large part of computation overhead comes from communication. This can be minimized if the network protocol offers the user services that are aimed at specific types of communication used in these applications. Other important properties of distributed processing applications are time-deterministic latency and guarantees to meet deadlines. Moreover, an important trend is to implement distributed real-time applications on top of standard Ethernet based networks. Therefore, in this thesis, we focus on developing and analyzing how to efficiently support real-time communication services for distributed computing applications over switched Ethernet. The network architecture currently assumed is a switched Ethernet network with only one switch.The work has resulted in proposed Switched Ethernet networks that offer additional features for parallel and distributed real-time processing. An active Ethernet switch concept is proposed to provide efficient support for different user services, including many-to-many communication and other group communication services with high traffic volumes of short messages. Meanwhile, the real-time support for these special communication patterns is addressed by incorporating deadline-based scheduling in the switch and the end nodes.Moreover, this thesis addresses real-time services by proposing an alternative solution. In this proposal, the Earliest Deadline First (EDF) algorithm is only used in the source nodes to support real-time traffic with a guaranteed bit rate and end-to-end worst-case delay bound. The thesis also reports a feasibility analysis for hard real-time traffic, which also produces figures on the minimum buffer sizes in the switch to be able to guarantee real-time demands. Meanwhile, differentiation of heterogeneous traffic is considered in the proposed system by placing traffic into several priority classes with distinctly different QoS levels.The performance of the proposed methods is evaluated in simulations and calculations. It is shown that the different Ethernet extensions, in many cases, are efficient choices for distributed computing systems.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Fan, Xing, 1975-
(författare)
-
Real-Time Services in Packet-Switched Networks for Embedded Applications
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Embedded applications have become more and more complex, increasing the demands on the communication network. For reasons such as safety and usability, there are real-time constraints that must be met. Also, to offer high performance, network protocols should offer efficient user services aimed at specific types of communication.At the same time, it is desirable to design and implement embedded networks with reduced cost and development time, which means using available hardware for standard networks. To that end, there is a trend towards using switched Ethernet for embedded systems because of its hight bit rate and low cost. Unfortunately, since switched Ethernet is not specifically designed for embedded systems, it has several limitations such as poor support for QoS because of FCFS queuing policy and high protocol overhead.This thesis contributes towards fulfilling these requirements by developing (i) real-time analytical frameworks for providing QoS guarantees in packet-switched networks and (II) packet-merging techniques to reduce the protocol overhead.We have developed two real-time analytical frameworks for networks with FCFS queuing in the switches, one for FCFS queuing in the source nodes and one for EDF queuing in the source nodes. The correctness and tightness of the real-time analytical frameworks for different network components in a singel-switch neetwork are given by strict theoretical proofs, and the performance of our end-to-end analyses is evaluated by simulations. In conjunction with this, we have compared our results to Network Calculus (NC), a commonly used analytical scheme for FCFS queuing. Our comparison study shows that our anlysis is more accurate than NC for singel-switch networks.To reduce the protocol overhead, we have proposed two active switched Ethernet approaches, one for real-time many-to-many communication and the other for the real-time short message traffic that is often present in embedded applications. A significant improvement in performance achieved by using our proposed active networks is demonstrated.Although our approaches are exemplified using switched Ethernet, the general approaches are not limited to switched Ethernet networks but can easily be moified to other similar packet-switched networks.
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| 27. |
- Farnocchia, Davide, et al.
(författare)
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International Asteroid Warning Network Timing Campaign: 2019 XS
- 2022
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Ingår i: The Planetary Science Journal. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 2632-3338. ; 3:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As part of the International Asteroid Warning Network's observational exercises, we conducted a campaign to observe near-Earth asteroid 2019 XS around its close approach to Earth on 2021 November 9. The goal of the campaign was to characterize errors in the observation times reported to the Minor Planet Center, which become an increasingly important consideration as astrometric accuracy improves and more fast-moving asteroids are observed. As part of the exercise, a total of 957 astrometric observations of 2019 XS during the encounter were reported and subsequently were analyzed to obtain the corresponding residuals. While the timing errors are typically smaller than 1 s, the reported times appear to be negatively biased, i.e., they are generally earlier than they should be. We also compared the observer-provided position uncertainty with the cross-track residuals, which are independent of timing errors. A large fraction of the estimated uncertainties appear to be optimistic, especially when <0 2. We compiled individual reports for each observer to help identify and remove the root cause of any possible timing error and improve the uncertainty quantification process. We suggest possible sources of timing errors and describe a simple procedure to derive reliable, conservative position uncertainties.
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| 28. |
- Gao, Ying, et al.
(författare)
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Epidermal ET-1 signal induces activation of resting hair follicles by upregulating the PI3K/AKT pathway in the dermis
- 2024
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Ingår i: FASEB Journal. - 0892-6638. ; 38:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prevalence of alopecia has increased recently. Hair loss is often accompanied by the resting phase of hair follicles (HFs). Dermal papilla (DP) plays a crucial role in HF development, growth, and regeneration. Activating DP can revive resting HFs. Augmenting WNT/β-catenin signaling stimulates HF growth. However, the factors responsible for activating resting HFs effectively are unclear. In this study, we investigated epidermal cytokines that can activate resting HFs effectively. We overexpressed β-catenin in both in vivo and in vitro models to observe its effects on resting HFs. Then, we screened potential epidermal cytokines from GEO DATASETs and assessed their functions using mice models and skin-derived precursors (SKPs). Finally, we explored the molecular mechanism underlying the action of the identified cytokine. The results showed that activation of WNT/β-catenin in the epidermis prompted telogen–anagen transition. Keratinocytes infected with Ctnnb1-overexpressing lentivirus enhanced SKP expansion. Subsequently, we identified endothelin 1 (ET-1) expressed higher in hair-growing epidermis and induced the proliferation of DP cells and activates telogen-phase HFs in vivo. Moreover, ET-1 promotes the proliferation and stemness of SKPs. Western blot analysis and in vivo experiments revealed that ET-1 induces the transition from telogen-to-anagen phase by upregulating the PI3K/AKT pathway. These findings highlight the potential of ET-1 as a promising cytokine for HF activation and the treatment of hair loss.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Hong, Shuxian, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of impressed current efficiency during accelerated corrosion of reinforcement
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cement and Concrete Composites. - : Elsevier BV. - 0958-9465. ; 108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Impressed current technique is a widely adopted method for accelerating corrosion of steel reinforcement. The mass loss of steel can be theoretically estimated by Faraday's law with the assumption that all of the impressed current participated in the corrosion reaction. In the present study, accelerated corrosion process of reinforcing steel with impressed current was non-destructively traced by X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) with high accuracy. The mass loss of steel at different accelerated corrosion periods was analyzed and the efficiency of impressed current was calculated. It was found that the mass loss of steel did not always follow Faraday's law, and impressed current efficiencies varied with different corrosion periods. In the early corrosion periods, the water electrolysis occurred and lowered the current efficiency due to the high anode potential. While in the late corrosion periods, the natural corrosion caused the current efficiency to exceed 100%.
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