| 701. |
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| 702. |
- Bakris, George L, et al.
(författare)
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Design and Baseline Characteristics of the Finerenone in Reducing Kidney Failure and Disease Progression in Diabetic Kidney Disease Trial.
- 2019
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Ingår i: American Journal of Nephrology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0250-8095 .- 1421-9670. ; 50:5, s. 333-344
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Among diabetics, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality, and progression of their underlying disease. Finerenone is a novel, non-steroidal, selective mineralocorticoid-receptor antagonist which has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on renal and CV outcomes has not been investigated in long-term trials yet.METHODS: The Finerenone in Reducing Kidney Failure and Disease Progression in Diabetic Kidney Disease -(FIDELIO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important renal and CV outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIDELIO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 5.5 years. FIDELIO-DKD randomized 5,734 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥25-<75 mL/min/1.73 m2 and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30-≤5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level α = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of kidney failure, a sustained decrease of eGFR ≥40% from baseline over at least 4 weeks, or renal death.CONCLUSION: FIDELIO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of renal and CV events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen.
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| 703. |
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| 704. |
- Bartlett, D. J., et al.
(författare)
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Constraints on quantum gravity and the photon mass from gamma ray bursts
- 2021
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 104:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lorentz invariance violation in quantum gravity (QG) models or a nonzero photon mass, mγ, would lead to an energy-dependent propagation speed for photons, such that photons of different energies from a distant source would arrive at different times, even if they were emitted simultaneously. By developing source-by-source, Monte Carlo-based forward models for such time delays from gamma ray bursts, and marginalizing over empirical noise models describing other contributions to the time delay, we derive constraints on mγ and the QG length scale, ℓQG, using spectral lag data from the BATSE satellite. We find mγ<4.0×10−5 h eV/c2 and ℓQG<5.3×10−18 h GeV−1 at 95% confidence, and demonstrate that these constraints are robust to the choice of noise model. The QG constraint is among the tightest from studies which consider multiple gamma ray bursts and the constraint on mγ, although weaker than from using radio data, provides an independent constraint which is less sensitive to the effects of dispersion by electrons.
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| 705. |
- Bekes, Katrin, et al.
(författare)
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Pediatric patients' reasons for visiting dentists in all WHO regions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1477-7525. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Oral Function, Orofacial Pain, Orofacial Appearance, and Psychosocial Impact are the four oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) dimensions (4D) or areas in which oral disorders impact pediatric patients. Using their dentists' assessment, the study aimed to evaluate whether pediatric dental patients' oral health concerns fit into the 4D of the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) construct.METHODS: Dentists who treat children from 32 countries and all WHO regions were selected from a web-based survey of 1580 international dentists. Dentists were asked if their pediatric patients with current or future oral health concerns fit into the 4D of the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) construct. Proportions of all pediatric patients' oral health problems and prevention needs were computed.FINDINGS: Data from 101 dentists treating children only and 523 dentists treating children and adults were included. For 90% of pediatric patients, their current oral health problems fit well in the four OHRQoL dimensions. For 91% of oral health problems they intended to prevent in the future were related to these dimensions as well. Both numbers increased to at least 96% when experts analyzed dentists´ explanations of why some oral health problems would not fit these four categories.CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed the four fundamental components of dental patients, i.e., the four OHRQoL dimensions (Oral Function, Orofacial Pain, Orofacial Appearance, and Psychosocial Impact) are also applicable for pediatric patients, regardless of whether they have current or future oral health concerns, and should be considered when measuring OHRQoL in the pediatric dental patient population.
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| 706. |
- Bellini, E., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of Einstein-Boltzmann solvers for testing general relativity
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 97:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We compare Einstein-Boltzmann solvers that include modifications to general relativity and find that, for a wide range of models and parameters, they agree to a high level of precision. We look at three general purpose codes that primarily model general scalar-tensor theories, three codes that model Jordan-Brans-Dicke (JBD) gravity, a code that models f(R) gravity, a code that models covariant Galileons, a code that models Horava-Lifschitz gravity, and two codes that model nonlocal models of gravity. Comparing predictions of the angular power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background and the power spectrum of dark matter for a suite of different models, we find agreement at the subpercent level. This means that this suite of Einstein-Boltzmann solvers is now sufficiently accurate for precision constraints on cosmological and gravitational parameters.
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| 707. |
- Birke-Sorensen, H., et al.
(författare)
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Evidence-based recommendations for negative pressure wound therapy: Treatment variables (pressure levels, wound filler and contact layer) - Steps towards an international consensus
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-0539 .- 1748-6815. ; 64, s. 1-16
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is becoming a commonplace treatment in many clinical settings. New devices and dressings are being introduced. Despite widespread adoption, there remains uncertainty regarding several aspects of NPWT use. To respond to these gaps, a global expert panel was convened to develop evidence-based recommendations describing the use of NPWT. In a previous communication, we have reviewed the evidence base for the use of NPWT within trauma and reconstructive surgery. In this communication, we present results of the assessment of evidence relating to the different NPWT treatment variables: different wound fillers (principally foam and gauze); when to use a wound contact layer; different pressure settings; and the impact of NPWT on bacterial bioburden. Evidence-based recommendations were obtained by a systematic review of the literature, grading of evidence and drafting of the recommendations by a global expert panel. Evidence and recommendations were graded according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) classification system. In general, there is relatively weak evidence on which to base recommendations for any one NPWT treatment variable over another. Overall, 14 recommendations were developed: five for the choice of wound filler and wound contact layer, four for choice of pressure setting and five for use of NPWT in infected wounds. With respect to bioburden, evidence suggests that reduction of bacteria in wounds is not a major mode of action of NPWT. (C) 2011 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 708. |
- Blanco, A, et al.
(författare)
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Progress in timing Resistive Plate Chambers
- 2004
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 535:1-2, s. 272-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Timing RPCs are Resistive Plate Chambers made with glass and metal electrodes separated by precision spacers. Typical gas gaps are a few hundred micrometers wide. Such counters were introduced in 1999 and have since reached timing accuracies below 50 ps sigma with efficiencies above 99% for MIPs. Applications in high-energy physics have already taken place with several more under study. Some recent developments include the extension of the counting rate capability by over one order of magnitude, to 25 kHz/cm(2), with time resolutions below 100 ps sigma. A prototype RPC-based Positron Emission Tomograph yielded a reconstructed point-source resolution of 0.6 mm FWHM and a modified timing RPC design, featuring 50 mum pitch anode strips, allowed to reach extremely good position resolution for hard X-rays in digital readout mode. An analytically solvable model has allowed us to clarify the basic factors influencing the time resolution.
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| 709. |
- Boonstra, Wiebren J., et al.
(författare)
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What are the major global threats and impacts in marine environments? Investigating the contours of a shared perception among marine scientists from the bottom-up.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Marine Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-597X .- 1872-9460. ; 60, s. 197-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Marine scientists broadly agree on which major processes influence the sustainability of marine environments worldwide. Recent studies argue that such shared perceptions crucially shape scientific agendas and are subject to a confirmation bias. Based on these findings a more explicit engagement with scientists' (shared) perceptions of global change in marine environments is called for. This paper takes stock of the shared understanding in marine science of the most pertinent, worldwide threats and impacts that currently affect marine environments. Using results from an email survey among leading academics in marine science this article explores if a shared research agenda in relation to global change in marine environments exists. The analysis demonstrates that marine scientists across disciplines are largely in agreement on some common features of global marine change. Nevertheless, the analysis also highlights where natural and social scientists diverge in their assessment. The article ends discussing what these findings imply for further improvement of interdisciplinary marine science.
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| 710. |
- Bronson, P. G., et al.
(författare)
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Common variants at PVT1, ATG13-AMBRA1, AHI1 and CLEC16A are associated with selective IgA deficiency
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 48:11, s. 1425-1429
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (IgAD) is the most common p rimary immunodeficiency in Europeans. Our genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of 1,635 patients with IgAD and 4,852 controls identified four new significant (P < 5 x 10(-8)) loci and association with a rare IFIH1 variant (p.11e923Val). Peak new variants (PVT1, P = 4.3 x 10(-11); ATG13-AMBRA1, P = 6.7 x 10(-10); AHI1, P = 8.4 x 10(-10); CLEC16A, P = 1.4 x 10(-9)) overlapped with autoimmune markers (3/4) and correlated with 21 putative regulatory variants, including expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) for AHI1 and DEXI and DNase hypersensitivity sites in FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells. Pathway analysis of the meta-analysis results showed striking association with the KEGG pathway for IgA production (pathway P < 0.0001), with 22 of the 30 annotated pathway genes containing at least one variant with P <= 0.05 in the IgAD meta-analysis. These data suggest that a complex network of genetic effects, including genes known to influence the biology of IgA production, contributes to IgAD.
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