| 21. |
- Bodin, Theo, et al.
(författare)
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Activity in neck-shoulder and lower arm muscles during computer and smartphone work
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - : ELSEVIER. - 0169-8141 .- 1872-8219. ; 74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Relevance to industry: There is emerging evidence of musculoskeletal problems related to smartphone work and a rapid transition to mobile workplaces, where smartphones are key working tools. Aim: The study's aim was to compare muscle activity during computer work with smartphone work and to see what possible effects ergonomic recommendations for smartphone usage have on muscle activity. Methods: Activity was measured bilaterally from the upper trapezius muscle and from lower arm muscles on the right hand side, on twelve participants with surface electromyography who performed e-mail work on the computer using ergonomic recommendations, smartphone in a self-chosen way of working and on smartphone with ergonomic recommendations. Effects on productivity was not assessed in this study. Results: Activity in m. trapezius and m. extensor digitorum was significantly higher during computer work (p < 0.05) than during the two smartphone usages and activity in m. interossei dorsalis 1 was, vice versa, significantly higher during smartphone work fp < 0.05). Comparison of smartphone in self-chosen way of working and smartphone with ergonomic recommendations showed no significant differences. Conclusions: Previous research has highlighted the benefits of variation of work postures. This paper indicates that replacing the computer with a smartphone gives the trapezius muscle an opportunity to rest.
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| 22. |
- Christmansson, Marita, et al.
(författare)
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A case study of a principally new way of materials kitting—an evaluation of time consumption and physical workload
- 2002
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Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - : Elsevier. - 0169-8141 .- 1872-8219. ; 30:1, s. 49-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents a materials kitting case study, using an alternative method for materials kitting: the traditional picker-to-material principle was replaced with a material-to-picker approach. The study was made in a materials supply workshop of an automobile plant shortly after this kitting process had been introduced. The materials kitting was video recorded and the material pickers’ physical exposure was assessed using ambulatory equipment to make an integrated registration of muscular activity, work postures and movements. The material pickers assessed work situations perceived as physically stressful. The materials kitting showed improved productivity as compared with other kitting methods. The study indicated that the work situation offered pickers low levels of physical exposure. The picking work was rather light but involved great repetitiveness in arm movements. The material pickers experienced the work as repetitive and having some physically stressful work situations. The integrated analyses showed: (1) that exposure in picking operations was similar to, but could be distinguished from, other work activities and (2) that picking from one type of storage package, Euro pallets, resulted in higher exposure than picking from plastic containers. More studies are needed on the implications of exposure levels in materials picking.
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| 23. |
- Christmansson, Marita, et al.
(författare)
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Modified method time measurements for ergonomic planning of production systems in the manufacturing industry
- 2000
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Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 38:17, s. 4051 - 4059
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper reports on an evaluation of a method called ErgoSAM. This method is based on SAM, a higher-level method-time-measurement (MTM) system, and is for use by production planners, e.g. production engineers. In addition to the SAM information, the ErgoSAM method considers information on weight handled or forces applied, and work zone. The method is designed to predict the physical demands of work postures, force and repetitivity, according to a scientific model, the Cube model. In co-operation with the Volvo Car Corporation, six workstations of an assembly line, were analysed by a production engineer using ErgoSAM. The total assembly time analysed was about 17 minutes. The results were compared to results from ergonomic analyses made by an ergonomist using the Volvo Car Corporations standards. The results showed that ErgoSAM predicts work situations of high physical stress for the workers. However, the method does not consider stressful positions for the hand, wrist and neck or mental stress. The production engineer judged the ErgoSAM analyses to require about 5% more time than SAM analyses alone. It is concluded that the method shows considerable promise for predicting physically stressful work situations, but needs to be further evaluated and refined.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Collins, J.W., et al.
(författare)
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Assessing intra-operative ergonomics and workload in robotic surgery using inertia measuring unit sensors and validated questionnaires
- 2016
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Ingår i: European urology. Supplement. - : Elsevier BV. - 1569-9056 .- 1878-1500. ; 15:7, s. 247-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION & OBJECTIVES: Robotic approaches have revolutionized radical prostatectomy surgery. The 3D vision and 10 fold magnification provide surgeons improved anatomical vision and more precise instrument control compared to open or laparoscopic techniques. However, the potential benefits of robotic techniques may have trade-offs in increased mental and physical demands for the surgeons. The assisting surgeon, also has the added workload of maintaining working postures that do not impede the robotic arms. This study implemented an innovative motion tracking tool along with validated workload questionnaires to assess the ergonomics and workload for both assisting and console surgeons during robotic surgery. MATERIAL & METHODS: Ten individual surgeons (6 console surgeons and 4 assistant surgeons) performed 15 robotic prostatectomy cases while wearing inertia measurement units (IMUs) to track neck, shoulder, and torso motion during each case. Postoperatively, participants completed a validated workload questionnaire (NASA-TLX). Analysis of variance was performed on all response variables that do not violate the assumption of normality to identify the impact of surgeon role (Console vs Assistant). RESULTS: Twenty-six questionnaires were completed from 13 assisting and 13 console surgeons over the 15 cases. Selfreported mental demand was 41% higher for surgeons at the console than assisting (p<0.05), but physical demand was not statistically different. Post-operative pain was reported highest for the right shoulder and neck and this was more frequently seen in the console surgeons. On IMU readings, the assisting surgeon experienced high neck flexion (>10 degrees) duration over 42% of the procedure compared to only 24% in the console surgeon. In general, surgeons posture on the console was primarily static resulting in fewer movements compared to assisting surgeons. Table 1 summarizes posture movements and durations of static postures. CONCLUSIONS: Postures were more ergonomic during console tasks than assisting by the operating table. However, the console constrains postures leading to static postural loads that have been associated with musculoskeletal symptoms for the neck, torso and shoulders.
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| 26. |
- Cyrén, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Task Specific Exposure Information as a Basis for Production System Design
- 1998
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This publication was written during a period of time when the authors were engaged in an extensive research programme financed by the National Institute for Working Life in Solna (Cooperative for Optimisation of industrial production systems regarding Productivity and Ergonomics COPE).
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| 27. |
- Dahlgren, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Correlations between Ratings and Technical Measurements in Hand-Intensive Work
- 2023
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Ingår i: Bioengineering. - : MDPI AG. - 2306-5354. ; 10:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An accurate rating of hand activity and force is essential in risk assessment and for the effective prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. However, it is unclear whether the subjective ratings of workers and observers correlate to corresponding objective technical measures of exposure. Fifty-nine workers were video recorded while performing a hand-intensive work task at their workplace. Self-ratings of hand activity level (HAL) and force (Borg CR10) using the Hand Activity Threshold Limit Value(& REG;) were assessed. Four ergonomist observers, in two pairs, also rated the hand activity and force level for each worker from video recordings. Wrist angular velocity was measured using inertial movement units. Muscle activity in the forearm muscles flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and extensor carpi radialis (ECR) was measured with electromyography root mean square values (RMS) and normalized to maximal voluntary electrical activation (MVE). Kendall's tau-b correlations were statistically significant between self-rated hand activity and wrist angular velocity at the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles (0.26, 0.31, and 0.23) and for the ratings of observers (0.32, 0.41, and 0.34). Significant correlations for force measures were found only for observer-ratings in five of eight measures (FCR 50th percentile 0.29, time > 10%MVE 0.43, time > 30%MVE 0.44, time < 5% -0.47) and ECR (time > 30%MVE 0.26). The higher magnitude of correlation for observer-ratings suggests that they may be preferred to the self-ratings of workers. When possible, objective technical measures of wrist angular velocity and muscle activity should be preferred to subjective ratings when assessing risks of work-related musculoskeletal disorders.
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| 28. |
- Dahlgren, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Ratings of Hand Activity and Force Levels among Women and Men Who Perform Identical Hand-Intensive Work Tasks
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19:24, s. 16706-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We compared hand activity and force ratings in women and men doing identical hand-intensive work tasks. Musculoskeletal disorders are more common in women and hand-intensive work leads to an increased risk of these disorders. Knowledge of the gender influence in the rating of work exposure is lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate whether women and men performing identical hand-intensive work tasks were equally rated using hand activity and normalized peak force levels with the Hand Activity Threshold Limit Value((R)). Fifty-six workers participated, comprising 28 women-men pairs. Four observers-two woman-man pairs-were also involved. Self-ratings and observers' ratings of hand activity and force level were collected. The results of these ratings showed no significant gender differences in self-rated hand activity and force, as well as observer-rated hand activity. However, there was a significant gender difference in the observer-rated force, where the women were rated higher (mean (SD): women 3.9 (2.7), men 3.1 (1.8) (p = 0.01)). This difference remained significant in the adjusted model (p = 0.04) with grip strength and forearm-finger anthropometrics. The results provide new insights that observers' estimates of force can be higher in women compared with men in the same work tasks. Force should be further investigated and preferably compared to objective measurements.
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| 29. |
- Dahlqvist, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Arbetsbelastning vid städning av hotellrum
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Enligt Arbetsmiljöverkets rapport ”Arbetsmiljön 2013” har 40 procent av alla hotell- och kontorsstädare ont i nacke, rygg, axlar eller armar varje vecka. 60 procent av dem känner sig uttröttade i kroppen. Arbets- och miljömedicin (AMM) Syd har tagit fram åtgärdsnivåer för ett antal belastningsmått, ”AMM Syds åtgärdsnivåer för ergonomisk belastning”, och om man överstiger dessa, anser vi att risken för belastningsskada är stor. Vi har studerat hotellrumsstädares belastning och jämfört med våra åtgärdsnivåer.Vi mätte den fysiska arbetsbelastningen hos fjorton kvinnliga hotellrumsstädare under en vanlig arbetsdag, på en deltagare åt gången. De arbetade på sju olika hotell i södra Sverige. Några var anställda av städföretag och några direkt av hotellen.Vi fann att hotellrumsstädare har en väldigt hög arbetsbelastning i övre delen av kroppen, både vad gäller rörelsehastighet, arbetsställningar och muskelansträngning (se Tabell på sid 3). Samtliga deltagare hade för hög rörelsehastighet i överarm och handled och för lite vila i underarmens muskler i jämförelse med våra åtgärdsnivåer. Även vad gäller framåtböjningen av huvudet, överarmens arbetsställning och underarmens muskelbelastning fann vi för höga nivåer. Hotellrumsstädning överskrider nio av våra elva åtgärdsnivåer för ergonomisk belastning. Detta betyder att hotellrumsstädare har en väldigt hög risk att drabbas av belastningsskador.RekommendationerFör att minska risken för belastningsskador bland hotellrumsstädare måste arbetstempot sänkas, genom att minska antalet rum som ingår i en hotellrumsstädares arbetsdag.Personalen bör erbjudas regelbundna medicinska kontroller avseende ergonomiskt belastande arbete så att man tidigt sätter in åtgärder för den arbetstagare eller grupp av arbetstagare som är på väg att utveckla skada i muskler och/eller leder. Arbetsplatsen rekommenderas att ha företagshälsovård knuten till sig, som kan genomföra de medicinska kontrollerna och som kontinuerligt gör riskbedömningar av arbetet. De bör också ha som uppgift att utbilda städpersonalen i ergonomi.
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| 30. |
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