| 61. |
- Fan, Xuelong, et al.
(författare)
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Ergonomic Evaluation of a Prototype Console for Robotic Surgeries via Simulations with Digital Human Manikins
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 20th Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2018) Volume V: Human Simulation and Virtual Environments, Work With Computing Systems (WWCS), Process Control. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2194-5365 .- 2194-5357. - 9783319960760 ; 822, s. 351-363
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Work-related musculoskeletal disorders impact surgical performance, which increase risks for patient safety. A new console has been designed to reduce workload for robotic surgery surgeons. Due to high costs and long waiting time of the production process, a pre-production ergonomic evaluation of the new design is preferable. In this paper, we evaluate if the new console at the pre-production stage by using an US checklist, and the Swedish standard for visual display unit work. A 3D model of the new designed console was introduced to the virtual environment of a digital manikin (Intelligently Moving Manikin, IMMA). The work-ranges of the console were calculated. Various individual work distances of 12 manikins (3 men and 3 women per each of the US and the Swedish population) were “measured”. The data were integrated and used as an objective reference to compare with the Swedish standard, and the US checklist. The result shows that the criteria in the Swedish standard and the US checklist are fulfilled, except for those are related to the adjustable range of the screen view height, the height range of the armrest and the adjustable distance of the pedals. The new console fulfills most of the criteria in the checklist and the standard, but there is room for a few improvements. The DHM tool IMMA provides the possibility for a pre-production assessment. However, the limited virtual measurement tools of IMMA restrained the time efficiency of the ergonomic assessment.
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| 62. |
- Fan, Xuelong, et al.
(författare)
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Ergonomics and performance of using prismatic loupes in simulated surgical tasks among surgeons – a randomized controlled, cross-over trial
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Public Health. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-2565. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Recently developed prismatic loupes may mitigate the high physical workload and risk of neck disorders associated with traditional surgical loupes among surgeons. However, research in this area, particularly among surgeons, is sparse. This study examines the impact of prismatic loupes on surgeons’ physical workload, musculoskeletal discomfort, and performance during simulated surgical tasks. Materials and methods: Nineteen out of twenty recruited surgeons performed three tasks in a fixed-order with their own loupes and both low-tilt (LT) and high-tilt (HT) prismatic loupes, in a randomized order. The primary outcomes were the median inclination angles and velocities of the head, trunk, and upper arms, along with the median muscle activity of the cervical erector spinae (CES), upper trapezius (UT), and lumbar erector spinae (LES) for each pair of loupes. The secondary outcomes included performance (completion time and errors), perceived body-part discomfort, and subjective evaluation of the three pairs of loupes. Results: Using prismatic loupes, either LT or HT, compared with the surgeons’ own loupes yielded lower head inclinations (all p < 0.001), lower neck muscle activity (all p < 0.05), and lower neck discomfort in indirect comparisons (p < 0.01) with no significant difference in surgical errors (p = 0.628). However, HT loupes resulted in a longer task completion time in two tasks (p < 0.001). Most surgeons preferred LT loupes (N = 12) for their comfort and visual functions. Discussion: The results indicate that prismatic loupes can reduce physical workload in the neck during simulated surgical task, with no significant difference in surgical errors. Future studies are needed to investigate the long-term effects of prismatic loupes among surgeons.
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| 63. |
- Fan, X., et al.
(författare)
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Surgeons’ physical workload in open surgery versus robot-assisted surgery and nonsurgical tasks
- 2022
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Ingår i: Surgical Endoscopy. - : Springer Nature. - 0930-2794 .- 1432-2218. ; 36:11, s. 8178-8194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are common among surgeons, and its prevalence varies among surgical modalities. There are conflicting results concerning the correlation between adverse work exposures and MSD prevalence in different surgical modalities. The progress of rationalization in health care may lead to job intensification for surgeons, but the literature is scarce regarding to what extent such intensification influences the physical workload in surgery. The objectives of this study were to quantify the physical workload in open surgery and compare it to that in (1) nonsurgical tasks and (2) two surgeon roles in robot-assisted surgery (RAS). Methods: The physical workload of 22 surgeons (12 performing open surgery and 10 RAS) was measured during surgical workdays, which includes trapezius muscle activity from electromyography, and posture and movement of the head, upper arms and trunk from inertial measurement units. The physical workload of surgeons in open surgery was compared to that in nonsurgical tasks, and to the chief and assistant surgeons in RAS, and to the corresponding proposed action levels. Mixed-effects models were used to analyze the differences. Results: Open surgery constituted more than half of a surgical workday. It was associated with more awkward postures of the head and trunk than nonsurgical tasks. It was also associated with higher trapezius muscle activity levels, less muscle rest time and a higher proportion of sustained low muscle activity than nonsurgical tasks and the two roles in RAS. The head inclination and trapezius activity in open surgery exceeded the proposed action levels. Conclusions: The physical workload of surgeons in open surgery, which exceeded the proposed action levels, was higher than that in RAS and that in nonsurgical tasks. Demands of increased operation time may result in higher physical workload for open surgeons, which poses an increased risk of MSDs. Risk-reducing measures are, therefore, needed.
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| 64. |
- Forsman, Lina Davies, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma concentrations of second-line antituberculosis drugs in relation to minimum inhibitory concentrations in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in China : a study protocol of a prospective observational cohort study
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 8:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Individualised treatment through therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) may improve tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes but is not routinely implemented. Prospective clinical studies of drug exposure and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) are scarce. This translational study aims to characterise the area under the concentration-time curve of individual MDR-TB drugs, divided by the MIC for Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates, to explore associations with markers of treatment progress and to develop useful strategies for clinical implementation of TDM in MDR-TB.Methods and analysis: Adult patients with pulmonary MDR-TB treated in Xiamen, China, are included. Plasma samples for measure of drug exposure are obtained at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 hours after drug intake at week 2 and at 0, 4 and 6 hours during weeks 4 and 8. Sputum samples for evaluating time to culture positivity and MIC determination are collected at days 0, 2 and 7 and at weeks 2, 4, 8 and 12 after treatment initiation. Disease severity are assessed with a clinical scoring tool (TBscore II) and quality of life evaluated using EQ-5D-5L. Drug concentrations of pyrazinamide, ethambutol, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, cycloserine, prothionamide and para-aminosalicylate are measured by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry and the levels of amikacin measured by immunoassay. Dried blood spot on filter paper, to facilitate blood sampling for analysis of drug concentrations, is also evaluated. The MICs of the drugs listed above are determined using custom-made broth microdilution plates and MYCOTB plates with Middlebrook 7H9 media. MIC determination of pyrazinamide is performed in BACTEC MGIT 960.Ethics and dissemination: This study has been approved by the ethical review boards of Karolinska Institutet, Sweden and Fudan University, China. Informed written consent is given by participants. The study results will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal. Trial registration number NCT02816931; Pre-results.
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| 65. |
- Forsman, Mikael, Professor, et al.
(författare)
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A Low-Cost Sensor-Based Smartphone App for Wrist Velocity Measurements
- 2021
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. - Cham : Springer Nature. ; , s. 763-767
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A quantitative wrist angular velocity to wrist-related disorders relation have been reported in hand intensive work. This velocity has been complicated to measure. A new sensors and smartphone method was developed and tested. The result indicate the prototype as a promising tool, which in the future may support researchers and practitioners in exposure quantification and risk assessment of hand intensive repetitive work tasks.
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| 66. |
- Forsman, Mikael, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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A Method for Evaluation of Manual Work Using Synchronised Video Recordings and Physiological Measurements
- 2002
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Ingår i: Applied Ergonomics. - 0003-6870 .- 1872-9126. ; 33:6, s. 533 - 540
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is an example how of our research and development work regarding a self-developed method to synchronise a video recorder and a personal computer was refined further. Which in turn gave birth to an extensive register of video-registration that still are saved at Chalmers University of Technology (this register’s existence has not been resolved after Engström’s retirement). This method in question has more or less been nicked by other scientists, which who we have cooperated at Lindholmen Utveckling in Gothenburg. Who has constructed a digitalised version of this method, our own equipment comprised usage of VHS-tapes (see other publication registered in Chalmers Public Library CPL). Later on refined further with regard to specific psychological aspects (i.e. the registered operator/subjects were thereby able to self-evaluate the recordings by interactions).
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| 67. |
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| 68. |
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| 69. |
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