| 21. |
- Fukazawa, Takako, et al.
(författare)
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Usability of a newly developed thermal manikin of infant to assess thermal stress in various environments
- 2005
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Ingår i: Environmental ergonomics XI : proceedings of the 11th International Conference, 22-26 May, 2005, Ystad, Sweden - proceedings of the 11th International Conference, 22-26 May, 2005, Ystad, Sweden. - 1650-9773. - 9163170620 ; , s. 618-623
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 22. |
- Fung, Frederick, et al.
(författare)
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Water vapor resistance measured on sweating thermal manikin and Permetest skin model in the vertical orientation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications in Development and Assembling of Textitle Products. - : Sachsische Landesbibliothek, Staats- und Universitatsbibliothek Dresden. - 2701-939X. ; 1:1, s. 65-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is a comparison of water vapor resistance (Ret) measured using the Permetest skin model and Tore sweating thermal manikin, i.e. 2D versus 3D methods; and to study the relationship between them. Three materials and five air gap distances were used for the measurement between these two devices, the test conditions in the climatic chambers were set up according to the ISO standard of each measurement method. Results of the correlation coefficient of three materials showed that they all had a strong increasing trend between Permetest and the sweating thermal manikin. From the regression analysis, the P-value of all three materials showed that P< 0.05 and 100% cotton R2=0.83, 50% cotton 50% polyester R2=0.91, 100% polyester R2=0.99. However, Ret resulting values from each device slowed down after 12mm air gap distance.
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| 23. |
- Gao, Chuansi, et al.
(författare)
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A systems perspective of slip and fall accidents on icy and snowy surfaces
- 2004
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Ingår i: Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0014-0139 .- 1366-5847. ; 47:5, s. 573-598
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current research on slips and falls has mainly focused on floors and/or contaminated floors. Although icy and snowy surfaces near melting temperature are more slippery, more important still, slip and falls on icy and snowy surfaces involve not only outdoor workers, but also pedestrians and the general public; and occur in cold regions and in the winter season in many parts of the world. However, in comparison with the size of the problem, research work done so far in this area has been limited. The objective of this paper is to present a systems perspective of slip and fall accidents, with special focus on its occurrence on icy and snowy surfaces. In order to explore the aetiology of slip and fall accidents further, and to provide the basis for prevention, the authors put forward a systems model towards the slips and falls on icy and snowy surfaces based on a review of literature and current knowledge. Various contributing factors are systematically discussed to highlight the multi-factorial nature of the problem, providing the possibility of a multi-faceted approach to reach systematic prevention. Unresolved issues related to slips and falls on ice and snow are also identified, which necessitate further research.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Gao, Chuansi, et al.
(författare)
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Clothing Insulation Required for Energy Efficiency (IREQee) and Thermal Comfort
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 11th International Meeting on Thermal Manikin and Modeling(11i3m). - 9789887766209 ; , s. 28-29
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thermal comfort has direction implications for energy efficiency and sustainable development. From a global perspective, about 40% of total primary energy is used in buildings, contributing to more than 30% of CO2 emissions [1]. The fact that the common practices of clothing choices have impact on energy efficiency is ignored [2-3]. This paper analyzed and proposed clothing insulation required for energy efficiency (IREQee) in order to increase indoor temperature interval and energy efficiency. In many heated/air-conditioned indoor environments, it is not unusual that occupants wear T-shirts/suits. The basic clothing insulation of these clothing ensembles is estimated to be about 0.5/1.0 clo [4]. The benefit of adding/reducing clothing insulation in heated/cooled environments, e.g. change clothing between 1.2 and 0.4 clo, is that the temperature of the whole room or building can be changed by 5.1 °C (between 20.4 and 25.5 °C) while still maintaining thermal comfort (Fig. 1) calculated according to international standard [5] and related web based tool [6], given that other parameters are the same (metabolic rate M=70 W/m2, relative humidity=50%, mean radiant temperature=air temperature, mechanic work=0, relative air velocity (m/s)=0.0052*(M-58)). As a result, the energy for heating/cooling the indoor environment is saved. The saved energy is about 10% for each degree Celsius decrease or increase in heated or air-conditioned indoor air temperature [7]. Hence, informed occupant’s clothing behavior change based on IREQee can extend the interval of comfort temperature, e.g. from 18.6 to 26.1 °C (rather than a fixed set point at 22 or 23 °C) for office work in heated and air-conditioned environments. The analysis indicates that the proposed IREQee in relation to physical work intensity can function as a low cost measure to maintain thermal comfort, save energy, and enhance sustainable development. Figure 1. Required clothing insulation for energy efficiency (IREQee) and comfortable temperature in heated or air-conditioned indoor environments in relation to physical work intensity (metabolic rate: M=70 and 100 W/m2 corresponding to office work and low physical intensity work).
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| 27. |
- Gao, Chuansi
(författare)
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Clothing modulated heat stress in the context of climate change
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Society of Biometeorology. ; , s. 66-67
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increase in average global temperature and higherfrequency of heat waves predicted by the majority ofmeteorological models will increase the effect of heat stresson human beings. For specifically addressing the impact ofthis environmental health risk on individuals, improvedmethods including individual factors such as clothing andmetabolic rate are needed. This presentation gives anoverview of the importance of protective clothing in relationto heat stress indices (WBGT, PHS, UTCI).Human body heat production and heat dissipation must bebalanced. The latter becomes difficult if environmental heatstress level is high. Clothing can protect against extremeheat and other hazards, but it resists also heat dissipationfrom the body to the environment. The efficacy of the aboveheat stress indices is limited due to insufficient integration ofprotective clothing and its interaction with climates. Themagnitude of evaporative heat loss hampered by clothing isnot constant in hot dry and hot humid environments. Thus,the heat stress modulated by clothing and its interaction withclimate should be integrated into any comprehensive heatstress assessment in the context of climate change.Current WBGT index assumes ordinary one-layer workclothing. Clothing adjustment factor is being introduced toWBGT index. However, a constant clothing adjustmentfactor may not work for both hot dry and hot humid climates.67PHS index does not apply to clothing insulation higher than1.0 clo. UTCI is limited in its assessment to a fixed moderatemetabolic rate and typical clothing for urban populations. Onthe warm side at air temperature about 32 to 40°C, the basicleisure clothing insulation is only modelled to be constant atabout 0.3 clo. Therefore, the UTCI suffers similar limitationsas WBGT and PHS indices for the assessment of heatstress when wearing protective clothing.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Gao, Chuansi, et al.
(författare)
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Cooling vests with phase change material packs: the effects of temperature gradient, mass, and covering area
- 2010
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Ingår i: Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0014-0139 .- 1366-5847. ; 53:5, s. 716-723
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phase change material (PCM) absorbs or releases latent heat when it changes phases, making thermal-regulated clothing possible. The objective of this study was to quantify the relationships between PCM cooling rate and temperature gradient, mass, and covering area on a thermal manikin in a climatic chamber. Three melting temperatures (24, 28, 32 °C) of the PCMs, different mass, covering areas, and two manikin temperatures (34 and 38 °C) were used. The results showed that the cooling rate of the PCM vests tested is positively correlated with the temperature gradient between the thermal manikin and the melting temperature of the PCMs. The required temperature gradient is suggested to be greater than 6 °C when PCM vests are used in hot climates. With the same temperature gradient, the cooling rate is mainly determined by the covering area. The duration of the cooling effect is dependent on PCM mass and the latent heat
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