| 21. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Affective Profiling to Determine Propensity for Empowerment or Disempowerment: Protective Attributes or Afflictive Proclivities in Depressive States and Well-Being
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Psychology. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2471-2701. ; 1:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A plethora of studies focusing on a ective personality attributes, positive a ect (PA) and negative a ect (NA), have measured ubiquitously self-reports of the Positive A ect and Negative A ect Schedule (PANAS), forming the basis of prevailing notions regarding health and well-being over di erent ethnical populations, gender and clinical and healthy volunteer populations [1-27]. Invariably, these studies have measured participants’ self-reported feelings of enthusiasm, activity, feelings of duty, control, strong, proud (i.e., PA) linking them to well- being, proneness to frequent exercise and agentic, cooperative, and spiritual behaviors (e.g., self-acceptance, goal-orientations, empathy, helpfulness, seeking support in faith, meaningfulness). In contrast, feelings such as anger, guilt, shame contempt, and distress (i.e., NA) are associated with anxiety, depressiveness, ill-being, rumination, inaction (e.g., low exercise frequency and passive leisure activities such as watching TV) and health problems. ese studies show that PA and NA ought to be viewed as separate entities, despite the temptation to view them as opposite poles on a continuum
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| 22. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Focus upon Aberrant N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors Systems
- 2016
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Ingår i: R. M. Kostrzewa & T. Archert (Eds.), Neurotoxin Modeling of Brain Disorders – Life-long Outcomes in Behavioral Teratology, Volume 29 of the series Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences.. - Amsterdam : Springer. - 9783319341347 ; , s. 295-311
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) pathophysiology persists in an obscure manner with complex interactions between symptoms, staging, interventions, genes, and environments. Only on the basis of increasing incidence of the disorder, the need for understanding is greater than ever. The notion of an imbalance between central inhibitory/excitatory neurotransmitters is considered to exert an essential role. In this chapter, we first review how the default mode network functions and dysfunction in individuals diagnosed with ADHD. We also present and briefly review some of the animal models used to examine the neurobiological aspects of ADHD. There is much evidence indicating that compounds/interventions that antagonize/block glutamic acid receptors and/or block the glutamate signal during the "brain growth spurt" or in the adult animal may induce functional and biomarker deficits. Additionally, we present evidence suggesting that animals treated with glutamate blockers at the period of the "brain growth spurt" fail to perform the exploratory activity, observed invariably with control mice, that is associated with introduction to a novel environment (the test cages). Later, when the control animals show less locomotor and rearing activity, i.e., interest in the test cages, the MK-801, ketamine and ethanol treated mice showed successively greater levels of locomotion and rearing (interest), i.e., they fail to "habituate" effectively, implying a cognitive dysfunction. These disturbances of glutamate signaling during a critical period of brain development may contribute to the ADHD pathophysiology. As a final addition, we have briefly identified new research venues in the interaction between ADHD, molecular studies, and personality research.
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| 23. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Epigenetic Influences on Anxious and Depressive Behaviors: BDNF Links
- 2016
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Ingår i: JSM Anxiety and Depression. - 2475-9139. ; 1:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The identification of genetic biomarkers facilitates the staging of brain disorders, their prognosis, choice of treatments and interventions, prediction of response, and prognosis of outcomes over a wide spectrum of symptoms associated with affective states, possibly optimizing clinical practice treatments and procedures. In this regard, epigenetic mechanisms mediate the effects of the environment on human-animal neurodevelopment of behavioral repertoires and imply also that employing the sensitivity of laboratory animals to environmental cues may be applied usefully for the consideration of long-term health and welfare of individuals.
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| 24. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise and Dietary Restriction for Promotion of Neurohealth Benefits
- 2015
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Ingår i: Health. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 1949-4998 .- 1949-5005. ; 7:1, s. 136-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physical exercise, whether of aerobic, endurance or resistance types, plays a central role in estab-lishing and maintaining the integrity of the brain and central nervous system (CNS). When exer-cise is adhered to in conjunction with selective food/drink intake and dietary restriction it pro-motes neurohealth. In this article, we review the interactions of age and gender, as well as insulin and diabetes, with exercise, individuals’ cognitive-affective status and its interactions with exer-cise propensity. All of which modulate the eventual outcomes of the influence of exercise upon parameters of neurohealth. The combination of exercise with dietary restriction provides nu-merous factors pertaining to psychological, neurochemical and anti-pathological manifestations of neurophysiological resilience even through aging. The challenge evoked by the exercise-diet com-bination in the body mobilizes a multitude of adaptive cellular stress-response signaling pathways in neurons involving neurotrophic factors, anti-inflammatory cytokines, DNA-repair proteins, macroautophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis.
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| 25. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise Improves Physical Health and Symptom Profiles in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder
- 2016
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Ingår i: JSM Schizophrenia. ; 1:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physical exercise intervention programs have been found to ameliorate the deficits expressed within daily behavioral, symptom-profile, affective status, neurocognitive and brain structural and functional domains in addition to improvements in quality-of- life, adherence to training schedules, physical health and well-being in schizophrenia spectrum disorder, despite the genetic, epigenetic and phenotypic background of disorder characterization. Neurotoxicological/neurodegenerative processes, such as immunoexcitotoxicity and apoptosis that contributory to the disorders’ etiopathogenesis, reduction of telomerase activity and telomeric shortening and loss of neuronal integrity are mitigated or alleviated by exercise and motor activity schedules. Several aspects of the disorder, structural and functional appear to be ‘buttressed’ through the applications of exercise paradigms whether endurance or resistance, dependent on intensity, duration and frequency.
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| 26. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise in Anorexia Nervosa: Complexity of Pathology and Health
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Psychology. - 2471-2701. ; 2:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anorexia nervosa (AN) condition presents a serious and potentially life-threatening eating disorder characterized by episodes of self-starvation and excessive weight loss that may be accompanied by excessive exercise. The notion that the condition offers a dysfunctional system of individuals’ self-evaluation of self-worth, where self-worth as determined from perceived body shape and weight and the degree to which they consider themselves to be in control of their own shape and weight.
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| 27. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise Influences upon Stress-Resilience and Resilient Health
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuropsychology & Stress Management. ; 1:1: 100101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regular physical exercise prevents tissue and cellular senescence with active individuals at lower risk for malignancies such as cancer of the colon and prostate, osteoporosis, depression and anxiety, diabetes and pre- diabetic individuals, and neurodegenerative disorders.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Factors governing personal health and development: stress (distress) and empowerment : I fattori che regolano la salute personale e lo sviluppo: Stress (distress) e potenziamento
- 2014
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Ingår i: Panminerva Medica. - 0031-0808. ; 56:1 suppl. 1, s. 101-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Individuals express personal attributes that render them vulnerable to stress to greater or lesser extent. According to how we deal with all the events, incidents and interactions upon our daily lives, whether Monday to Friday working days or the weekends with expected rest, the progression of our life cycles develop, in some cases towards relative life satisfaction, psychological well-being and health but sadly in others towards dissatisfaction, a lack of psychological well-being and ill-health. Stress and distress may exert adaptive or maladaptive influences. Psychosocial stress, physiological stress, stress-inducing immunosenescence, or oxidative forms of stress are generally associated with detrimental effects upon personal health and development. Nevertheless, the adaptive aspect of stress ought not to be neglected since the capacity and ability to cope with stress, develop one’s own personal resources to accommodate coping strategies, hardiness and resilience all provide stages to elevate an individual’s developmental trajectory. Education, self-learning and an optimal life-style based upon healthy attachment to self all endower us with personal empowerment which is further reinforced when we facilitate the empowerment of others as evidence of our attachment to them. The related, yet distinctive, qualities, dignitas and auctoritas, capture the requirement of empowerment in self-fulfilling personal profiles. An individual with dignitas has acquired accomplishments, personal habits and a special ‘aura’ that invariably commands respect whether this person is a gardener or a general whereas auctoritas is conferred, rather than acquired, in the hope that this person will empower both others and himself/herself. One measure of success, perhaps the most important, is offered by the degree to which we empower our own personal health and development, and the extent to which we facilitate that of others.
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| 30. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Neurodegenerative Aspects in Vulnerability to Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
- 2014
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Ingår i: Neurotoxicity Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1029-8428 .- 1476-3524. ; 26:4, s. 400-413
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The neurodegenerative and neurotoxic aspects of schizophrenia and/or psychosis involve genetic, epigenetic, and neurotoxic propensities that impinge upon both the symptom domains and the biomarkers of the disorder, involving cellular apoptosis/excitotoxicity, increased reactive oxygen species formation, viral and bacterial infections, anoxic birth injury, maternal starvation, drugs of abuse, particularly cannabis, metabolic accidents, and other chemical agents that disrupt normal brain development or the integrity of brain tissues. Evidence for premorbid and prodromal psychotic phases, aspects of neuroimaging, dopamine, and psychosis vulnerability, and perinatal aspects provide substance for neurodegenerative influences. Not least, the agencies of antipsychotic contribute to the destructive spiral that disrupts normal structure and function. The etiopathogenesis of psychosis is distinguished also by disruptions of the normal functioning of the neurotrophins, in particular brain-derived neurotrophic factor, dyskinesic aspects, immune system disturbances, and metabolic aspects. Whether detrimental to neurodevelopment or tissue-destructive, or an acceleration of neurotoxic pathways, the notion of neurodegeneration in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia spectrum and psychotic disorders continues to gather momentum.
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