| 41. |
- Gerdner, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Alkoholism som sjukdom
- 1993
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Ingår i: Nordisk alkoholtidskrift : Nordic alcohol studies. - 0789-6069. ; 10:3, s. 133-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The question whether or hot alcoholism should be regarded as a disease has been widely debated. This article discusses three questions in that context: What is disease? Is alcoholism a disease? What is the function or the disease concept in the treatment of alcoholism? After discussing different concepts of disease - especially essentialist and non-essentialist disease concepts - the article argues that diseases are defined in practice and not bybiological or other essences. The process in which alcoholism/alcohol dependence has reached international recognition as a disease is similar to that of many other diseases. Alcoholism is not defined as a disease by postulating a specific biological essance or cause. Insted, it is recognosed as a disease when the syndrome is described and when the clinical community treats alcoholics as patients. Other have tried to define the essence of alcoholism and to develop alternatives based on their essentialist theories. In practice, however, these have changed to more multifactoral apporaches. An issue has been to question whether alcoholism is essentially intentional, a volitional condition. If accepted, the conclusions then may be that alcoholism should not be treated. This opinion is criticized. The AA contribution to the understanding of alcoholism has not been essentialist or based on any causal theory or nosological position. Rather AA presented a new attitude toward the problems of quilt and responsibility, which uses the concept of disease to reliew quilt and promote responsibility. It is argued that this attitude can be used effectively in treatment.
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| 42. |
- Gerdner, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Asocial rather than impulsive - Characteristics of adolescent male problem gamblers : Presentation at the 45th Annual ICAA conference in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, 8-13 December
- 2002
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The study concerns prediction of gambling problems in a representative sample of 178 male adolescents (aged 16 and 18 years) in the less populated county Jämtland, Sweden. They completed the SOGS, the TCI and a number of questions concerning social background, emotional and life-style factors. About 27% of the boys gamble at least weekly. As many as 16% qualify as probable pathological gamblers according to the SOGS. Another 7% are at risk. None of the social background factors are related to severity of gambling problems. The only significant family factor is parental substance misuse. The optimal multivariate model predicts about thirty per cent of the variance in gambling problems. The strongest factor is frequency of alcohol drinking. Several factors indicate a personality with problems in relations to others. Another factor indicates a dreamy personality. Unexpectedly, impulsiveness is not related to gambling. In conclusion, problem gambling among male adolescents is related to life-style and personality, especially in relation to others, but not to usual social background factors. Gamblers are asocial rather than impulsive. The nature of this finding should be further explored, since an asocial personality may point at genetics as well as to early social influences, as may the finding on the relation between gambling and parental drinking.
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| 43. |
- Gerdner, Arne, 1950-
(författare)
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Assessment instrument for diagnosis of dependence and abuse : Examination of the validity and internal consistence of ADDIS concerning alcohol problems
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - 1455-0725 .- 1458-6126. ; 26:3, s. 265-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish National Board on Health and Welfare recommends that structured assessment instruments should be used in medical as well as in social treatment of substance misusers. These should be validated in a Swedish context. Instruments for diagnoses of dependence/abuse (DSM-IV) and dependence/harmful use (ICD-10) have been used in Sweden for many years, although not yet validated in Swedish. ADDIS, the Swedish version of the American SUDDS, is used in four Nordic countries and the most often used diagnostic instrument in Sweden. This article investigates the psychometric properties of ADDIS alcohol module, including discriminant and construct validity and internal consistency. The two main constructs in DSM - dependence and abuse - as well as the seven criteria for dependence and the four criteria for abuse are studied. Further, the value of each of the 44 specific items in ADDIS for capturing these criteria is studied. Two samples are explored: 1) a clinical sample (n = 349; incl. 129 women) and 2) a sample of 400 men convicted for driving while intoxicated. Mean age was the same (41 ys.). Using discriminant analyses on lifetime prevalence, the items correctly classify 94% of the cases in the two samples. Using one-factor principal component analysis to explore homogeneity of the combined samples, all 28 items on dependence and 15 of 18 items on abuse have loadings above 0,40 (R2 dependence = 0,46; abuse = 0,40). Separate analyses of the two samples, as well as on women, show similar results. Cronbach's alpha is excellent for dependence and satisfactory for abuse in all analyses. Analyses of specific criteria show satisfactory results on dependence and acceptable on abuse. Minor revisions are proposed to make ADDIS more user-friendly and to improve some specific items. In conclusion: ADDIS has acceptable to excellent discriminant and construct validity as well as internal consistency and captures the specific criteria of DSM-IV. It has the preconditions for sensitive assessment of alcohol use disorders in men and women.
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| 44. |
- Gerdner, Arne
(författare)
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Barndomens återkomst i behandling och forskning
- 2011
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Ingår i: CTQ - Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, A Retrospective Self-Report. - Stockholm : Pearson Assessment and Information AB. ; , s. 5-10
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Gerdner, Arne
(författare)
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Compulsory Treatment of Alcoholics and Drug Addicts - A Review of 20 Swedish Outcome Studies. : International Institute on the Prevention and Treatment of Dependencies, Section on Alcohol and Drug Treatment and its Organisation, Bahrain, ICAA. September 3-7.
- 2000
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Compulsory treatment for alcoholism and drug addiction exists in many countries, but has been less evaluated. For legal and ethical reasons, controlled designs are scarce. The Swedish �Law on Care for Addicts in certain cases� was implemented in 1982, and revised 1989. Since 1982, twenty outcome studies using different research design have been published, mostly in Swedish. The presentation reviews these studies. Outcomes of men vs. women, alcoholics vs. drug addicts and compulsorily vs. voluntarily treated are compared. Three studies analysed data using multivariate regression models in order to predict programme retention, absconding, substance use outcome, participation in self help groups post discharge and long term mortality. Long term mortality is also analysed using survival models (Kaplan-Meier) and standardised mortality ratios.
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| 49. |
- Gerdner, Arne
(författare)
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Diagnosinstrument för beroende och missbruk – Granskning av ADDIS validitet och interna konsistens gällande alkoholproblem
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : Sage Publications. - 1455-0725 .- 1458-6126. ; 26:3, s. 265-276
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish National Board on Health and Welfare recommends that structured assessment instruments should be used in medical as well as in social treatment of substance misusers. These should be validated in a Swedish context. Instruments for diagnoses of dependence/abuse (DSM-IV) and dependence/harmful use (ICD-10) have been used in Sweden for many years, although not yet validated in Swedish. ADDIS, Swedish version of the American SUDDS, is used in four Nordic countries and the most often used diagnostic instrument in Sweden. This article investigates the psychometric properties of ADDIS alcohol module, including discriminant and construct validity and internal consistency. The two main constructs in DSM – dependence and abuse – as well as the seven criteria for dependence and the four criteria for abuse are studied. Further, the value of each of the 44 specific items in ADDIS for capturing these criteria is studied.Two samples are explored: 1) a clinical sample (n = 349; incl. 129 women) and 2) a sample of 400 men convicted for driving while intoxicated. Mean age was the same (41 ys.). Using discriminant analyses on lifetime prevalence, the items correctly classify 94 % of the cases in the two samples. Using one-factor principal component analysis to explore homogeneity of the combined samples, all 28 items on dependence and 15 of 18 items on abuse have loadings above 0,40 (R2 dependence = 0,46; abuse = 0,40). Separate analyses of the two samples, as well as on women, show similar results. Cronbach’s alpha is excellent for dependence and satisfactory for abuse in all analyses. Analyses of specific criteria show satisfactory results on dependence and acceptable on abuse. Minor revisions are proposed to make ADDIS more user-friendly and to improve some specific items. In conclusion: ADDIS has acceptable to excellent discriminant and construct validity as well as internal consistency and captures the specific criteria of DSM-IV. It has the preconditions for sensitive assessment of alcohol use disorders in men and women.
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| 50. |
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