| 31. |
- Gillberg, Christopher, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Overlap between ADHD and autism spectrum disorders in adults.
- 2011
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Ingår i: In J.K. Buitelaar, C.C. Kan & P. Asherson (Eds.), ADHD in Adults. Characterization, Diagnosis, and Treatment. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 9780521864312 ; , s. 157-167
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Autism was long considered to be a very rare disorder, the best defined in child psychiatry (Rutter & Schopler, 1992), and one that occurred in isolation, often with no comorbidity (except, possibly, mental retardation) and presumably with one etiology. It is now clear that autism in its classic variant is but part of a broader spectrum of disorders that include not only “autistic disorder” (as defined by DSM-IV) but also a number of conditions, including Asperger disorder and so-called pervasive developmental disorders not otherwise specified (PDDNOS)/atypical autism (Wing & Potter, 2002). It has also become generally accepted that these “autism spectrum disorders” (ASDs, including autistic disorder) are much more common than previously assumed, with overall childhood prevalence usually reported at just under 1% (Gillberg et al., 2006). To complicate things, genetic studies have shown that ASDs extend into “lesser variants” and “broader phenotypes” with some characteristic autism features but with little or no clinical impairment. Population studies suggest that such lesser variants or features of autism occur in several percent of children (Briskman, Happé, & Frith, 2001; Constantino & Todd, 2003; Posserud et al., 2006). The comorbidity issue in autism has not been resolved, and authorities in the field still argue about whether autism can be associated with other disorders, including ADHD. Both the DSM-IV and ICD-10 include a section of the diagnostic criteria that is difficult to interpret but that would tend to make researchers and clinicians loathe to diagnose coexisting/comorbid ADHD in ASD. Conversely, ADHD has long been agreed to be a common type of childhood behavior disorder and one that does blend into normality.
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| 32. |
- Gillberg, Christopher, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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The Asperger Syndrome (and high-functioning autism) Diagnostic Interview (ASDI): a preliminary study of a new structured clinical interview
- 2001
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Ingår i: Autism. - 1362-3613. ; 5:1, s. 57-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of the Asperger Syndrome (and high-functioning autism) Diagnostic Interview (ASDI) is described. Preliminary data from a clinical study suggest that inter-rater reliability and test-retest stability may be excellent, with kappas exceeding 0.90 in both instances. The validity appears to be relatively good. No attempt was made in the present study to validate the instrument as regards the distinction between Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Gillberg, I Carina, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Attention, executive functions, and mentalizing in anorexia nervosa eighteen years after onset of eating disorder
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1380-3395 .- 1744-411X. ; 32:4, s. 358-365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Prospective study of attention, executive functions, and mentalizing abilities in a representative sample of teenage-onset anorexia nervosa (AN). METHOD: A total of 51 AN cases recruited after community screening were contrasted with 51 matched comparison cases 18 years after AN onset. Neuropsychological tests had been done at 21, 24, and 32 years (18 years after AN onset). RESULTS: The AN-group had more attention, executive function, and mentalizing problems. Some of these problems had been present at all three follow-up occasions. CONCLUSIONS: AN is associated with a range of neuropsychological problems that are present long after the eating disorder per se is no longer an important feature.
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| 35. |
- Gillberg, I Carina, 1949, et al.
(författare)
-
Autism in immigrants: a population-based study from Swedish rural and urban areas.
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. - 0964-2633. ; 40 ( Pt 1), s. 24-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a population study, 55 children aged 13 years and under were diagnosed as suffering from autistic disorder according to DSM-III-R criteria. Fifteen of these children (27%) were born to parents, at least one of whom had migrated to Sweden. These 15 cases were analysed in some detail with a view to finding possible background factors that could account for the relatively high prevalence of autism among some immigrant populations. In a few cases, autism or Asperger syndrome had been diagnosed in a native Swedish parent who went abroad in order to find a spouse. In several other cases, the child was the first child born in Sweden after the mother had moved there. The contribution of genetic and other prenatal factors to autism in immigrant populations is discussed.
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| 36. |
- Gillberg, I Carina, 1949, et al.
(författare)
-
Boys with Asperger Syndrome Grow Up: Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Disorders 20Years After Initial Diagnosis.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of autism and developmental disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-3432 .- 0162-3257. ; 46:1, s. 74-82
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined comorbid psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders in fifty adult males (mean age 30years) with Asperger syndrome (AS) diagnosed in childhood and followed up prospectively for almost two decades (13-26years). Only three of the 50 men had never met criteria for an additional psychiatric/neurodevelopmental diagnosis and more than half had ongoing comorbidity (most commonly either ADHD or depression or both). Any psychiatric comorbidity increased the risk of poorer outcome. The minority of the AS group who no longer met criteria for a full diagnosis of an autism spectrum disorder were usually free of current psychiatric comorbidity. The high rate of psychiatric/neurodevelopmental comorbidities underscores the need for a full psychiatric/neurodevelopmental assessment at follow-up of males with AS.
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| 37. |
- Gillberg, I Carina, 1949, et al.
(författare)
-
Cognitive and executive functions in anorexia nervosa ten years after onset of eating disorder.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1380-3395 .- 1744-411X. ; 29:2, s. 170-178
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a longitudinal study, the authors explore the course of general cognition in anorexia nervosa (AN) over time and compare general cognitive problems, executive function deficits, attentional problems and visuomotor dysfunctions across AN individuals and healthy controls. A community-based sample of adolescent onset AN cases (n=40-47) was contrasted with an age-, sex- and school matched comparison group (n=47-51) on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Luria word recall test at a mean age of 24 years. Only two of the cases tested were underweight at the time of the study. The Wechsler scale had also been administered when the groups had a mean age of 21 years. There were few differences across the two groups even though the comparison group performed significantly better on the Object Assembly subtest of the WAIS-R. IQ increased slightly but significantly over time in both groups. There was no relationship between level of starvation and poor results on tests in the AN group. A subgroup of the subjects had autism spectrum disorders. In this subgroup there were cases with test profiles similar to those observed in autism and Asperger syndrome, just as there had been on testing three years previously. Ten years after AN onset, the former AN cases showed no major neuropsychological deficits. A subgroup with autistic features had test profiles similar to those observed in autism spectrum disorders. The AN group as a whole showed poor results on the object assembly subtest indicating weak central coherence with a tendency to focus on details at the expense of configural information. This cognitive style may account for their obsession with details, with implications for psychoeducational approaches in treatment programmes/interventions.
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| 38. |
- Gillberg, I Carina, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Three-year follow-up at age 10 of children with minor neurodevelopmental disorders. I: Behavioural problems.
- 1983
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. - 0012-1622. ; 25:4, s. 438-449
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sixty-one children selected from a total population study of six-year-old children in Gothenburg and diagnosed as suffering from minimal brain dysfunction (MBD), motor perception dysfunction (MPD) or attention deficit disorder (ADD), and 51 normal control children were followed up at age 10 for behavioural problems. According to teachers', parents' and self-rating questionnaires, the index children, especially those with MBD, showed extremely high rates of severe behavioural/experiential problems at follow-up. None had been treated with stimulants or other drugs directed at alleviating the symptoms of the neurodevelopmental disorder. It is argued that the high rates of disturbances according to the questionnaire ratings are a true reflection of the psychiatric ill-health in these children.
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| 39. |
- Gillberg, I Carina, 1949, et al.
(författare)
-
Three-year follow-up at age 10 of children with minor neurodevelopmental disorders. II: School achievement problems.
- 1983
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. - 0012-1622. ; 25:5, s. 566-573
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Part I of this paper considered the behavioural problems at age 10 of groups of children from a total population study of six-year-old children in Gothenburg and diagnosed according to strict criteria as suffering from minimal brain dysfunction (MBD), motor perception dysfunction (MPD) or attention deficit disorder (ADD), and a comparison group of normal children. Part II considers school achievement problems at age 10 among the same groups of children. 80 per cent of MBD children had obvious problems in school achievement, compared with 16 per cent in the comparison group. The MPD and ADD groups did not differ significantly from the comparison group in this respect. There was a considerable overlap between behaviour problems and school achievement problems, and the results indicate a gloomy prognosis for both types of problem among children with MBD.
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| 40. |
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