| 31. |
- Elenkov, Angel, et al.
(författare)
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Non-reproductive effects of follicle-stimulating hormone in young men
- 2023
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Ingår i: Andrology. - : Wiley. - 2047-2919 .- 2047-2927. ; 11:3, s. 471-477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor expression has been reported in many extra-gonadal tissues, raising the question of non-reproductive effects of FSH. Because of increasing usage of FSH in treatment of male infertility, deeper knowledge of possible harmful off-target effects of FSH is warranted. Methods: In total, 33 healthy young men (mean age 30 years) were included in the study. All received an s.c. injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist and n = 16 were randomized to 300 IU recombinant FSH (300 IE 3 times/week) for 5 weeks at first visit (V1) whereas n = 17 served as controls. Blood samples were taken at (V1), after 3 weeks (V2), and after 5 weeks (V3), when the study ended. At V2, all subjects received 1000 mg testosterone undecanoate i.m. A standard set of bio- and inflammatory markers were compared between the groups using the Mann–Whitney test adjusted for multiple testing. Results: As compared to controls, the FSH treated men had higher SHBG and albumin concentrations at V2 (p = 0.024 and 0.027, respectively), and lower levels of alanine aminotransferase (p = 0.026) and magnesium (p = 0.028) at V3. However, none of the results remained statistically significant after Bonferroni correction (p > 0.0011). Conclusions: FSH had no significant effects on non-reproductive organs when given in standard therapeutic doses to young men for 5 weeks. Therefore, the FSH treatment can be considered safe in otherwise healthy young men, constituting candidates for the infertility treatment with FSH.
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| 32. |
- Elenkov, Angel, et al.
(författare)
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Testosterone replacement therapy in men who conceived with intracytoplasmic sperm injection: nationwide register study
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Journal of Endocrinology. - 1479-683X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Male hypogonadism is associated with higher risk of co-morbidity and premature mortality. It is, therefore, of utmost importance to identify young men who are at the highest risk of testosterone deficiency and who may benefit from preventive measures. In this context, infertile men constitute a high-risk group. The extent of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) among infertile men, defined as men who have to undergo assisted reproduction for fatherhood, is currently unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the pattern of prescription of TRT in the years following child conception among men who have fathered children with the help of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF). Design By sourcing data from national population registries, hazard ratio (HR) for subsequent TRT was assessed for IVF and ICSI-treated men and compared to those who conceived spontaneously with age Cox regression analysis adjusted for age, educational level and previous intake of medicines for metabolic diseases. Results ICSI and IVF fathers had increased incidence of newly prescribed TRT compared to fathers conceiving spontaneously (ICSI: HR = 3.81, 95% CI = 3.09–4.69, P < 0.001; IVF: HR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.15–2.05, P = 0.003). After adjustment for prescription of medication for one or more components of the MetS prior to TRT, the risk estimates attenuated but remained robust both for ICSI-treated (HR = 3.17 (95% CI: 2.56–3.9) and IVF-treated men (HR = 1.06 (95% CI: 1.05–1.07). Conclusion Men who have to utilise powerful techniques, such as ICSI for fathering children, may be at risk for testosterone deficiency. Routine endocrine evaluation of men seeking fertility treatment is hence warranted.
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| 33. |
- Elzanaty, Saad, et al.
(författare)
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Significant impact of 5 alpha-reductase type 2 polymorphisms on sperm concentration and motility
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Andrology. - : Wiley. - 0105-6263 .- 1365-2605. ; 29:3, s. 414-420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Androgens, including 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), are known to play a role for spermatogenesis and accessory sex gland function. The enzyme 5 alpha-reductase (SRD5A) catalyses the conversion of testosterone to DHT. Our objective was to investigate whether polymorphisms in the SRD5A2 gene influence semen parameters in the general population. DNA from 182 Swedish military conscripts was examined for the A49T, V89L, and R227Q polymorphisms in the SRD5A type 2 gene. Ejaculates were analysed according to WHO guidelines. In addition, sperm motility was assessed using computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA). Seminal markers of epididymal (neutral alpha-glucosidase), prostatic (prostate specific-antigen and zinc), and seminal vesicles function (fructose) were measured. The A49TT-allele was associated with significantly higher sperm concentration compared with the wild type A-allele (mean: 102 x 10(6)/mL vs. 57 x 10(6)/mL, p = 0.02). The V89LV-genotype was correlated with significantly higher proportion progressive motile spermatozoa compared with the L-variant (mean: 55% vs. 48%, p = 0.04). The same trend was found regarding the CASA motile spermatozoa (mean: 52% vs. 41%, p = 0.02). No association between any of the polymorphisms and biochemical markers was found. SRD5A2 gene variants were associated with sperm concentration and motility, but not with epididymal and accessory sex gland markers. This effect on sperm parameters might therefore be exerted via a direct effect of DHT on spermatogenesis.
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| 34. |
- Erenpreiss, Juris, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of androgen receptor polymorphism and parental ethnicity on semen quality in young men from Latvia
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Andrology. - : Wiley. - 0105-6263 .- 1365-2605. ; 31:5, s. 477-482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies on young men from the general population have demonstrated geographic and ethnic differences in semen quality. The aim of this study was to investigate whether reported ethnic differences in semen quality might be associated with the maternally derived CAG and GGN polymorphisms in the androgen receptor gene or paternal ethnicity. In total 114 military conscripts from Latvia were included in the study. Information on maternal and parental ethnicity was collected by questionnaires. CAG and GGN repeats were analysed by direct sequencing of leukocyte DNA. Men with Latvian mothers (n = 83) had marginally shorter CAG repeat length (21.6 +/- 2.9) as compared with those with non-Latvian mothers (22.9 +/- 3.2, n = 31), not reaching statistical significance (p = 0.053). Sperm concentration did not differ significantly between these two groups (76 +/- 59 and 70 +/- 52, p = 0.9 respectively). In contrast, significantly higher sperm concentration and total sperm count were found in men with Latvian fathers (n = 77) as compared with men with non-Latvian fathers (n = 37) (80 +/- 61 vs. 62 +/- 48, p = 0.035, for sperm concentration and 225.7 +/- 209 vs. 158.4 +/- 134.4, p = 0.002, for total sperm count respectively). CAG repeat length did not correlate with any semen parameters in the whole population. However, GGN repeat length correlated with semen volume: men with GGN > 23 presented with higher semen volume (3.2 +/- 2.1) as compared with men with GGN = 23 (2.6 +/- 1.3, p = 0.04) or GGN < 23 (2.0 +/- 1.2, p = 0.006). We conclude that GGN repeat length has an impact on semen volume, whereas differences in sperm numbers are associated with the paternal ethnicity.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Giwercman, Aleksander, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental factors and testicular function.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Best Practice and Research in Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : Elsevier BV. - 1521-690X. ; 25:2, s. 391-402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the last decades there has been a dramatic increase in the incidence of some diseases associated with the male reproductive system, including poor semen quality, testicular cancer and congenital developmental abnormalities such as cryptorchidism and hypospadias, malformations of the urethra and scrotum respectively. Based on these observations one recurring theme is the concern that certain environmental chemicals and lifestyle related factors may play a role. Early fetal life is a particularly critical time period, when the endocrine system is established and organs are developing. Although available data does not yet allow recommending, evidence based, prophylactic and/or therapeutic measures to eliminate or reduce the possible negative impact of environment/lifestyle on the male reproductive capacity, it is prudent to limit exposures of people to hormonally active chemicals.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Giwercman, Aleksander, et al.
(författare)
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Hypogonadism in young men treated for cancer.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Hormones: International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1109-3099. ; 14:4, s. 392-398
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- An ever-increasing proportion of young males treated for cancer are cured. Therefore, one of the major challenges of modern Clinical Oncology is to ensure good quality of life. Cancer disease per se as well as cancer treatment may have a negative impact on androgen production, thereby leading to subclinical or clinically overt hypogonadism. Since the symptoms of androgen deficiency are rather unspecific, it is important that reproductive hormone levels be checked in young men who have been treated for cancer. As androgen deficiency in men is associated with increased long-term risk of osteoporosis as well as cardiovascular and metabolic disease, those cancer survivors who present with signs of insufficient androgen production should be followed and preventive as well as therapeutic measures, including androgen replacement therapy, should be applied according to the current guidelines.
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| 40. |
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