| 1271. |
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| 1272. |
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| 1273. |
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| 1274. |
- Khamis, Ramzi Y, et al.
(författare)
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Monoclonal Autoantibody Against a Cryptic Epitope on Tissue-Adherent Low-Density Lipoprotein for Molecular Imaging in Atherosclerosis
- 2022
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Ingår i: JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-7591 .- 1936-878X. ; 15:8, s. 1458-1470
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Antibody-based constructs for molecular imaging and therapeutic delivery provide promising opportunities for the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis.OBJECTIVES: The authors aimed to generate and characterize immunoglobulin (Ig)G monoclonal autoantibodies in atherosclerosis for targeting of novel molecular determinants.METHODS: The authors created hybridomas from an unimmunized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-deficient (Ldlr -/-) mouse and selected an IgG2b isotype autoantibody, LO9, for further characterization. RESULTS: LO9 reacted well with native LDL bound to immobilized matrix components and less well to oxidized LDL. LO9 binding to immobilized native LDL was not neutralized by fluid-phase native LDL, indicating an adhesion-dependent epitope. The authors localized the epitope to a 20 amino-acid peptide sequence (P5) in the globular amino-terminus of apolipoprotein B. LO9 reacted with antigen in mouse atherosclerosis and in both human stable and ruptured coronary atherosclerosis. Furthermore, in vivo near-infrared fluorescence molecular tomographic imaging, and ex vivo confocal microscopy showed that intravenously injected LO9 localized beneath endothelium of the aortic arch in Ldlr -/- mice, in the vicinity of macrophages. CONCLUSIONS: The authors believe LO9 is the first example of an IgG autoantibody that reacts with a native LDL epitope revealed by adherence to tissue matrix. Antibodies against adherent native LDL have potential as molecular targeting agents for imaging of and therapeutic delivery to atherosclerosis.
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| 1275. |
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| 1276. |
- Kim, Myung-Hee Y., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of Martian surface ionizing radiation measurements from MSL-RAD with Badhwar-O'Neill 2011/HZETRN model calculations
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Planets. - 2169-9097 .- 2169-9100. ; 119:6, s. 1311-1321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dose rate measurements from Mars Science Laboratory-radiation assessment detector (MSL-RAD) for 300 sols on Mars are compared to simulation results using the Badhwar-O'Neill 2011 galactic cosmic ray (GCR) environment model and the high-charge and energy transport (HZETRN) code. For the nuclear interactions of primary GCR through Mars atmosphere and Curiosity rover, the quantum multiple scattering theory of nuclear fragmentation is used. Daily atmospheric pressure is measured at Gale Crater by the MSL Rover Environmental Monitoring Station. Particles impinging on top of the Martian atmosphere reach RAD after traversing varying depths of atmosphere that depend on the slant angles, and the model accounts for shielding of the RAD “E” detector (used for dosimetry) by the rest of the instrument. Simulation of average dose rate is in good agreement with RAD measurements for the first 200 sols and reproduces the observed variation of surface dose rate with changing heliospheric conditions and atmospheric pressure. Model results agree less well between sols 200 and 300 due to subtleties in the changing heliospheric conditions. It also suggests that the average contributions of albedo particles (charge number Z < 3) from Martian regolith comprise about 10% and 42% of the average daily point dose and dose equivalent, respectively. Neutron contributions to tissue-averaged effective doses will be reduced compared to point dose equivalent estimates because a large portion of the neutron point dose is due to low-energy neutrons with energies.
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| 1277. |
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| 1278. |
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| 1279. |
- Koul, Y, et al.
(författare)
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Microbial electrolysis : a promising approach for treatment and resource recovery from industrial wastewater
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bioengineered. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2165-5979 .- 2165-5987. ; 13:4, s. 8115-8134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wastewater is one of the most common by-products of almost every industrial process. Treatment of wastewater alone, before disposal, necessitates an excess of energy. Environmental concerns over the use of fossil fuels as a source of energy have prompted a surge in demand for alternative energy sources and the development of sophisticated procedures to extract energy from unconventional sources. Treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater alone accounts for about 3% of global electricity use while the amount of energy embedded in the waste is at least 2-4 times greater than the energy required to treat the same effluent. The microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) is one of the most efficient technologies for waste-to-product conversion that uses electrochemically active bacteria to convert organic matter into hydrogen or a variety of by-products without polluting the environment. This paper highlights existing obstacles and future potential in the integration of Microbial Electrolysis Cell with other processes like anaerobic digestion coupled system, anaerobic membrane bioreactor and thermoelectric micro converter.
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| 1280. |
- Kronawitter, C. X., et al.
(författare)
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Titanium incorporation into hematite photoelectrodes : theoretical considerations and experimental observations
- 2014
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Ingår i: Energy & Environmental Science. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1754-5692 .- 1754-5706. ; 7:10, s. 3100-3121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A theoretical and experimental perspective on the role of titanium impurities in hematite (alpha-Fe2O3) nanostructured photoelectrodes for solar fuel synthesis devices is provided. Titanium incorporation is a known correlate to efficiency enhancement in alpha-Fe2O3 cc photoanodes for solar water oxidation; here the relevant literature and the latest advances are presented and various proposed mechanisms for enhancement are contrasted. Available experimental evidence suggests that Ti incorporation increases net electron carrier concentrations in electrodes, most likely to the extent that (synthesis-dependent) charge compensating cation vacancies are not present. However, electron conductivity increases alone cannot quantitatively account for the large associated photoelectrochemical performance enhancements. The magnitudes of the effects of Ti incorporation on electronic and magnetic properties appear to be highly synthesis-dependent, which has made difficult the development of consistent and general mechanisms explaining experimental and theoretical observations. In this context, we consider how the electronic structure correlates with Ti impurity incorporation in alpha-Fe2O3 a from the perspective of synchrotron-based soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements. Measurements are performed on sets of electrodes fabricated by five relevant and unrelated chemical and physical techniques. The effects of titanium impurities are reflected in the electronic structure through several universally observed spectral characteristics, irrespective of the synthesis techniques. Absorption spectra at the oxygen K-edge show that Ti incorporation is associated with new oxygen 2p-hybridized states, overlapping with and distorting the known unoccupied Fe 3d-O 2xp band of alpha-Fe2O3. This is an indication of mixing of Ti s and d states in the conduction band of alpha-Fe2O3. cc A comparison of spectra obtained with electron and photon detection shows that the effects of Ti incorporation on the conduction band are more pronounced in the near-surface region. Titanium L-2,L-3-edge absorption spectra show that titanium is incorporated into alpha-Fe2O3 as Ti4+ by all fabrication methods, with no long-range titania order detected. Iron L-2,L-3-edge absorption spectra indicate that Ti incorporation is not associated with the formation, of any significant concentrations of Fe2+, an observation common to many prior studies on this material system.
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