| 421. |
- Sume, Ain, et al.
(författare)
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Radar Detection of Moving Targets Behind Corners
- 2011
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Ingår i: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING. - : IEEE; 1999. - 0196-2892. ; 49:6, s. 2259-2267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Detection of moving objects concealed behind a concrete wall corner has been demonstrated, using Doppler-based techniques with a stepped-frequency radar centered at 10 GHz, in a reduced-scale model of a street scenario. Micro-Doppler signatures have been traced in the return from a human target, both for walking and for breathing. Separate material measurements of the reflection and transmission of the concrete in the wall have showed that wall reflections are the dominating wave propagation mechanism for producing target detections, while wave components transmitted through the walls could be neglected. Weaker detections have been made of target returns via diffraction in the wall corner. A simple and fast algorithm for the detection and generation of detection tracks in down range has been developed, based on moving target indication technique.
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| 422. |
- Sundström, Johan, Professor, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Are there lost opportunities in chronic kidney disease? A region-wide cohort study
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 14:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Identify the windows of opportunity for the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the prevention of its adverse outcomes and quantify the potential population gains of such prevention.DESIGN AND SETTING: Observational, population-wide study of residents in the Stockholm and Skåne regions of Sweden between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2020.PARTICIPANTS: All patients who did not yet have a diagnosis of CKD in healthcare but had CKD according to laboratory measurements of CKD biomarkers available in electronic health records.OUTCOME MEASURES: We assessed the proportions of the patient population that received a subsequent diagnosis of CKD in healthcare, that used guideline-directed pharmacological therapy (statins, renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) and/or sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i)) and that experienced adverse outcomes (all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality or major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)). The potential to prevent adverse outcomes in CKD was assessed using simulations of guideline-directed pharmacological therapy in untreated subsets of the study population.RESULTS: We identified 99 382 patients with undiagnosed CKD during the study period. Only 33% of those received a subsequent diagnosis of CKD in healthcare after 5 years. The proportion that used statins or RAASi was of similar size to the proportion that didn't, regardless of how advanced their CKD was. The use of SGLT2i was negligible. In simulations of optimal treatment, 22% of the 21 870 deaths, 27% of the 14 310 cardiovascular deaths and 39% of the 22 224 MACE could have been avoided if every patient who did not use an indicated medication for their laboratory-confirmed CKD was treated with guideline-directed pharmacological therapy for CKD.CONCLUSIONS: While we noted underdiagnosis and undertreatment of CKD in this large contemporary population, we also identified a substantial realisable potential to improve CKD outcomes and reduce its burden by treating patients early with guideline-directed pharmacological therapy.
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| 423. |
- Sundström, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Heart failure outcomes by left ventricular ejection fraction in a contemporary region-wide patient cohort
- 2024
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Ingår i: ESC Heart Failure. - 2055-5822. ; 11:3, s. 1377-1388
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: This study aimed to characterize a contemporary population with subtypes of incident or prevalent heart failure (HF) based on reduced (HFrEF), mildly reduced, or preserved (HFpEF) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and to assess how outcomes, healthcare, treatments, and healthcare costs vary between each subtype of incident HF.METHODS AND RESULTS: Using Swedish data from the CardioRenal and Metabolic disease Heart Failure (CaReMe HF) study, updated to cover a more recent time period, this population-based study characterized patients from Stockholm County, Sweden, with incident HF (patients with a first HF diagnosis between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2019) or prevalent HF (patients with a first HF diagnosis before 1 January 2020). Patients with incident HF had LVEF measured by echocardiography within ±90 days of their first HF diagnosis, and patients with prevalent HF within 5 years prior to the index date. The 13 375 patients with prevalent HF (39.2% women, mean age 73.9 years) had multiple comorbidities (cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and cancer). These were already highly prevalent at the time of the first HF diagnosis in the 8042 patients with incident HF (40.5% women, mean age 72.3 years). Patients with incident HFpEF received less specialist HF care at outpatient secondary care facilities following their first HF diagnosis than those with incident HFrEF. Patients with HFrEF had higher risks of complications and exerted a higher burden, in terms of care for and costs of HF, on the healthcare system.CONCLUSIONS: This study of contemporary patients with incident HF demonstrates that those with HFpEF and HFrEF differ considerably in terms of clinical presentation, prognosis, and care, highlighting a potential to improve HF outcomes.
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| 424. |
- Surakka, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of low-frequency and rare variants on lipid levels.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 47:6, s. 589-597
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a genome-wide screen of 9.6 million genetic variants achieved through 1000 Genomes Project imputation in 62,166 samples, we identify association to lipid traits in 93 loci, including 79 previously identified loci with new lead SNPs and 10 new loci, 15 loci with a low-frequency lead SNP and 10 loci with a missense lead SNP, and 2 loci with an accumulation of rare variants. In six loci, SNPs with established function in lipid genetics (CELSR2, GCKR, LIPC and APOE) or candidate missense mutations with predicted damaging function (CD300LG and TM6SF2) explained the locus associations. The low-frequency variants increased the proportion of variance explained, particularly for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol. Altogether, our results highlight the impact of low-frequency variants in complex traits and show that imputation offers a cost-effective alternative to resequencing.
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| 425. |
- Svalastog, Anna Lydia, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative analysis of the risk-handling procedures for gene technology applications in medical and plant science
- 2006
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Ingår i: Science and Engineering Ethics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1353-3452 .- 1471-5546. ; 12:3, s. 465-479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we analyse how the risks associated with research on transgenic plants are regulated in Sweden. The paper outlines the way in which pilot projects in the plant sciences are overseen in Sweden, and discusses the international and national background to the current regulatory system. The historical, and hitherto unexplored, reasons for the evolution of current administrative and legislative procedures in plant science are of particular interest. Specifically, we discuss similarities and differences in the regulation of medicine and plant science, and we examine the tendency towards dichotomizing risk — focusing on social/ethical risks in medicine and biological risks in plant science. The context of this article is the Synpraxia research project, an inter-disciplinary program combining expertise in sciences and the humanities.
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| 426. |
- Svensson, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Can motivational interviewing be a helpful professional tool? : Investigating teachers' experiences
- 2021
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Ingår i: Educational research (Windsor. Print). - : Taylor & Francis. - 0013-1881 .- 1469-5847. ; 63:4, s. 440-455
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Motivational interviewing (MI) is a collaborative communication style used to enhance behaviour change, and there is increasing support for using MI in schools. However, little is known about school-based MI from a teacher perspective and how MI is applied by teachers in their daily work. Understanding teachers' use and experiences of MI could provide valuable information for future school development and teacher education. Purpose: This study aimed to explore teachers' experiences and perceptions of applying MI in Swedish compulsory schools (grades 1-9; 7-15 years). Methods: Interviews were conducted with 13 teachers, who taught different subjects in grades 4-9 (10-15 years). The teachers were from five schools in five different municipalities. They all had received a three- or four-day intensive training programme in MI. A qualitative content analysis approach was used to analyse the data. Findings: Our analysis indicated that teachers perceived MI to be a useful method that provided concrete tools to apply in their daily work. The teachers thought that MI facilitated their relational work, and helped them to become more guiding and autonomy-supportive than before. Hence, the teachers expressed a wish that MI should be included in teacher education. In addition, some teachers felt that MI could be effective in conflict management, to respond to pupils with challenging behaviour and to strengthen pupils' motivation, as well as in conversations with parents. However, teachers considered that lack of time was an obstacle to the application of MI in school and noted that MI requires ongoing training and continuity in order to be effective. Conclusions: This small-scale study draws attention to MI's potential as a supportive tool. Further research is needed to determine how far it may help teachers in a range of educational settings as they seek to foster collaborative relationships in school and facilitate relational work with their pupils.
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| 427. |
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| 428. |
- Svensson, Martina, PhD student, et al.
(författare)
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Motiverande samtal för utveckling och lärande
- 2020
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Ingår i: Skolutveckling genom samtal. - : Studentlitteratur AB. ; , s. 85-114
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 429. |
- Szabó, Zoltán, et al.
(författare)
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Real-time intraoperative visualization of myocardial circulation by augmented reality temperature display
- 2010
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Ingår i: Minimally invasive therapy and allied technologies. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1365-2931. ; , s. 61-61
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Intraoperative ischemia during coronary surgery may have severe consequences for the patient and may also pose a difficult diagnostic problem to the surgeon. There is no clinically used direct method to evaluate the effect on the circulation of various therapeutic maneuvers to the heart. Augmented (mixed) reality using projection of color- coded infra-red (IR) images onto the imaged tissues in real time may give an intuitive representation of the tissue surface temperature and thus, information about myocardial perfusion on the surface of the organ itself.Purpose: To demonstrate in animal experiments the feasibility of presenting IR tissue temperature images reflecting myocardial perfusion into the surgical field with augmented reality.Method: We have constructed a system consisting of an IR camera and a projector integrated in such a way that they have identical optical axes, solving the geometrical correspondence problem in an easy way. In 5 pigs (weight = 57.5 ± 7 kg), the thorax was opened by median sternotomy. After exposing the heart, an elastic vessel loop was placed around the middle of the left descending coronary artery. A 2 mm ultrasound probe was inserted distally around the LAD for flow velocity measurements. Subsequent ischemia-reperfusion periods were induced using a fixed protocol. Results: The time course of an occlusion was clearly seen in quantitative curves as well as in color-coded temperature maps on the surface of the heart. The difference in surface temperature between the three areas more or less affected by the ischemia was also clearly demon- strated. During ischemia, the surface of the myocardium showed concentrically arranged zones of different temperatures (IR penumbra) potentially cor- responding to different degrees of severity of ischemia. Conclusion: Surface temperature changes due to ischemia can be assessed quantitatively and visualized in situ during occlusion of a coronary artery and subsequent reperfusion of the myocardium. This method shows potential as a fast and simple way of following myocardial perfusion during surgery. The change of the extension of the penumbra zone is a potential monitoring device for the thera- pies used in the salvage or prevention of ischemia in experimental or clinical cardiac surgery and may introduce new practices in monitoring duringcardiac and vascular anesthesia.
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| 430. |
- Szabó, Zoltán, et al.
(författare)
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Real-time intraoperative visualization of myocardial circulation using augmented reality terperature display
- 2013
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging. - : Springer. - 1569-5794 .- 1875-8312 .- 1573-0743. ; 29:2, s. 521-528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For direct visualization of myocardial ischemia during cardiac surgery, we tested the feasibility of presenting infrared (IR) tissue temperature maps in situ during surgery. A new augmented reality (AR) system, consisting of an IR camera and an integrated projector having identical optical axes, was used, with a high resolution IR camera as control. The hearts of five pigs were exposed and an elastic band placed around the middle of the left anterior descending coronary artery to induce ischemia. A proximally placed ultrasound Doppler probe confirmed reduction of flow. Two periods of complete ischemia and reperfusion were studied in each heart. There was a significant decrease in IR-measured temperature distal to the occlusion, with subsequent return to baseline temperatures after reperfusion (baseline 36.9 ± 0.60 (mean ± SD) versus ischemia 34.1 ± 1.66 versus reperfusion 37.4 ± 0.48; p < 0.001), with no differences occurring in the non-occluded area. The AR presentation was clear and dynamic without delay, visualizing the temperature changes produced by manipulation of the coronary blood flow, and showed concentrically arranged penumbra zones during ischemia. Surface myocardial temperature changes could be assessed quantitatively and visualized in situ during ischemia and subsequent reperfusion. This method shows potential as a rapid and simple way of following myocardial perfusion during cardiac surgery. The dynamics in the penumbra zone could potentially be used for visualizing the effect of therapy on intraoperative ischemia during cardiac surgery.
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