| 1401. |
- Dufey, Estefanie, et al.
(författare)
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Genotoxic stress triggers the activation of IRE1α-dependent RNA decay to modulate the DNA damage response
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The molecular connections between homeostatic systems that maintain both genome integrity and proteostasis are poorly understood. Here we identify the selective activation of the unfolded protein response transducer IRE1α under genotoxic stress to modulate repair programs and sustain cell survival. DNA damage engages IRE1α signaling in the absence of an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signature, leading to the exclusive activation of regulated IRE1α-dependent decay (RIDD) without activating its canonical output mediated by the transcription factor XBP1. IRE1α endoribonuclease activity controls the stability of mRNAs involved in the DNA damage response, impacting DNA repair, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The activation of the c-Abl kinase by DNA damage triggers the oligomerization of IRE1α to catalyze RIDD. The protective role of IRE1α under genotoxic stress is conserved in fly and mouse. Altogether, our results uncover an important intersection between the molecular pathways that sustain genome stability and proteostasis.
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| 1402. |
- Eisenberg, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Cardioprotection and lifespan extension by the natural polyamine spermidine
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 22:12, s. 1428-1438
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aging is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and death. Here we show that oral supplementation of the natural polyamine spermidine extends the lifespan of mice and exerts cardioprotective effects, reducing cardiac hypertrophy and preserving diastolic function in old mice. Spermidine feeding enhanced cardiac autophagy, mitophagy and mitochondrial respiration, and it also improved the mechano-elastical properties of cardiomyocytes in vivo, coinciding with increased titin phosphorylation and suppressed subclinical inflammation. Spermidine feeding failed to provide cardioprotection in mice that lack the autophagy-related protein Atg5 in cardiomyocytes. In Dahl salt-sensitive rats that were fed a high-salt diet, a model for hypertension-induced congestive heart failure, spermidine feeding reduced systemic blood pressure, increased titin phosphorylation and prevented cardiac hypertrophy and a decline in diastolic function, thus delaying the progression to heart failure. In humans, high levels of dietary spermidine, as assessed from food questionnaires, correlated with reduced blood pressure and a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease. Our results suggest a new and feasible strategy for protection against cardiovascular disease.
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| 1403. |
- Ellison, David, et al.
(författare)
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Trees, forests and water : Cool insights for a hot world
- 2017
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Ingår i: Global Environmental Change. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-3780 .- 1872-9495. ; 43, s. 51-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forest-driven water and energy cycles are poorly integrated into regional, national, continental and global decision-making on climate change adaptation, mitigation, land use and water management. This constrains humanity's ability to protect our planet's climate and life-sustaining functions. The substantial body of research we review reveals that forest, water and energy interactions provide the foundations for carbon storage, for cooling terrestrial surfaces and for distributing water resources. Forests and trees must be recognized as prime regulators within the water, energy and carbon cycles. If these functions are ignored, planners will be unable to assess, adapt to or mitigate the impacts of changing land cover and climate. Our call to action targets a reversal of paradigms, from a carbon-centric model to one that treats the hydrologic and climate-cooling effects of trees and forests as the first order of priority. For reasons of sustainability, carbon storage must remain a secondary, though valuable, by-product. The effects of tree cover on climate at local, regional and continental scales offer benefits that demand wider recognition. The forest- and tree-centered research insights we review and analyze provide a knowledge-base for improving plans, policies and actions. Our understanding of how trees and forests influence water, energy and carbon cycles has important implications, both for the structure of planning, management and governance institutions, as well as for how trees and forests might be used to improve sustainability, adaptation and mitigation efforts.
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| 1404. |
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| 1405. |
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| 1406. |
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| 1407. |
- Endrino, J L, et al.
(författare)
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Spectral evidence of spinodal decomposition, phase transformation and molecular nitrogen formation in supersaturated TiAlN films upon annealing
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 59:16, s. 6287-6296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thermal treatment of supersaturated Ti(1-x)Al(x)N films (x approximate to 0.67) with a dominant ternary cubic-phase were performed in the 700-1000 degrees C range. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) shows that, for annealing temperatures up to 800 degrees C, the film structure undergoes the formation of coherent cubic AlN (c-AlN) and TiN (c-TiN) nanocrystallites via spinodal decomposition and, at higher temperatures (>= 900 degrees C), GIXRD shows that the c-AlN phase transforms into the thermodynamically more stable hexagonal AIN (h-AlN). X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) at the Ti K-edge is consistent with spinodal decomposition taking place at 800 degrees C, while Al K-edge and N K-edge XANES and X-ray emission data show the nucleation of the h-AlN phase at temperatures >800 degrees C, in agreement with the two-step decomposition process for rock-salt structured TiAlN, which was also supported by X-ray diffraction patterns and first-principle calculations. Further, the resonant inelastic X-ray scattering technique near the N K-edge revealed that N(2) is formed as a consequence of the phase transformation process.
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| 1408. |
- Endrino, L, et al.
(författare)
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Oxidation post-treatment of hard AlTiN coating for machining of hardened steels
- 2009
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Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 204:3, s. 256-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, cemented carbide ball nose end mills with nano-crystalline Al0.67Ti0.33N hard PVD coatings deposited by cathodic arc evaporation were annealed at 700 degrees C during 2 h in a controlled atmosphere environment (argon+oxygen mixture) and in vacuum. The changes of structure and properties of the treated coating surfaces have been analyzed using both cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of the N-K and O-K edges. Cutting tools have been run through ball nose end milling of hardened H13 steel (HRC 50) where temperature or stress dominating phenomena control tool life. The data obtained indicate that an AlTiN coated cutting tool can be modified upon annealing at low temperature conditions and should be considered as a composite surface engineered material. It is shown that increased tool life could be achieved if annealing of AlTiN is performed in an oxygen-containing atmosphere. A variety of different characteristics should be optimized to achieve better wear resistance of the cutting tools with annealed Al0.67Ti0.33N coating under high temperature and stress cutting conditions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 1409. |
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| 1410. |
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