| 51. |
- Svensson, Katherine, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal nutrition during mid-pregnancy and children’s body composition at seven years of age in the SELMA study
- 2023
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 130:11, s. 1982-1992
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal nutrition during pregnancy is vital for both maternal and child health. Our objective was to explore if prenatal diet is associated with children’s height and body fat. Nutrient intake was assessed through a food-frequency questionnaire from 808 pregnant women and summarized to a nutrition index, "My Nutrition Index"(MNI). The association with children’s height and body fat (bioimpedance) was assessed with linear regression models. Secondary analysis was performed with BMI, trunk fat and skinfolds. Overall, higher MNI score was associated with greater height (β=0.47; (95% CI: 0.00, 0.94), among both sexes. Among boys, higher MNI was associated with 0.15 higher BMI z-scores, 0.12 body fat z-scores, 0.11 trunk fat z-scores, and larger triceps, and triceps + subscapular skinfolds (β=0.05 and β=0.06; on the log2 scale) (p-value<0.05). Among girls, the opposite associations were found with 0.12 lower trunk fat z-scores, and smaller subscapular and suprailiac skinfolds (β= -0.07 and β= -0.10; on the log2 scale) (p-value<0.05). For skinfold measures this would represent a ±1.0 millimeters difference. Unexpectedly, a prenatal diet in line with recommended nutrient intake was associated with higher measures of body fat for boys and opposite to girls at a pre-pubertal stage of development.
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| 52. |
- Söderström, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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A high energy intake from dietary fat among middle-aged and older adults is associated with increased risk of malnutrition 10 years later
- 2015
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 114:6, s. 915-923
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A higher fat content in the diet could be an advantage for preventing malnutrition among older adults. However, there is sparse scientific evidence to determine the optimal fat intake among older adults. This prospective cohort study examined whether a high energy intake of dietary fat among middle-aged and older adults is associated with the risk of malnutrition 10 years later. The study population comprised 725 Swedish men and women aged 53-80 years who had completed a questionnaire about dietary intake and lifestyle factors in 1997 (baseline) and whose nutritional status was assessed when admitted to the hospital in 2008-2009 (follow-up). At the follow-up, 383 (52.8 %) participants were identified as being at risk of malnutrition and fifty-two (7.2 %) were identified as malnourished. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to analyse the association between previous dietary fat intake and nutritional status later in life. Contrary to what was expected, a high energy intake from total fat, saturated fat and monounsaturated fat among middle-aged and older adults increased the risk of exhibiting malnutrition 10 years later. However, this applied only to individuals with a BMI<25 kg/m(2) at the baseline. In conclusion, these findings suggest that preventive actions to counteract malnutrition in older adults should focus on limiting the intake of total fat in the diet by reducing consumption of food with a high content of saturated and monounsaturated fat.
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| 53. |
- Timmins, Iain R., et al.
(författare)
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International pooled analysis of leisure-time physical activity and premenopausal breast cancer in women from 19 cohorts
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - : American Society of Clinical Oncology. - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 42:8, s. 927-939
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: There is strong evidence that leisure-time physical activity is protective against postmenopausal breast cancer risk but the association with premenopausal breast cancer is less clear. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of physical activity with the risk of developing premenopausal breast cancer.METHODS: We pooled individual-level data on self-reported leisure-time physical activity across 19 cohort studies comprising 547,601 premenopausal women, with 10,231 incident cases of breast cancer. Multivariable Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for associations of leisure-time physical activity with breast cancer incidence. HRs for high versus low levels of activity were based on a comparison of risk at the 90th versus 10th percentiles of activity. We assessed the linearity of the relationship and examined subtype-specific associations and effect modification across strata of breast cancer risk factors, including adiposity.RESULTS: Over a median 11.5 years of follow-up (IQR, 8.0-16.1 years), high versus low levels of leisure-time physical activity were associated with a 6% (HR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.89 to 0.99]) and a 10% (HR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.85 to 0.95]) reduction in breast cancer risk, before and after adjustment for BMI, respectively. Tests of nonlinearity suggested an approximately linear relationship (Pnonlinearity = .94). The inverse association was particularly strong for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-enriched breast cancer (HR, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.39 to 0.84]; Phet = .07). Associations did not vary significantly across strata of breast cancer risk factors, including subgroups of adiposity.CONCLUSION: This large, pooled analysis of cohort studies adds to evidence that engagement in higher levels of leisure-time physical activity may lead to reduced premenopausal breast cancer risk.
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| 54. |
- van den Brandt, Piet A, et al.
(författare)
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Body size and weight change over adulthood and risk of breast cancer by menopausal and hormone receptor status : a pooled analysis of 20 prospective cohort studies
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Nature. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 36:1, s. 37-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Associations between anthropometric factors and breast cancer (BC) risk have varied inconsistently by estrogen and/or progesterone receptor (ER/PR) status. Associations between prediagnostic anthropometric factors and risk of premenopausal and postmenopausal BC overall and ER/PR status subtypes were investigated in a pooled analysis of 20 prospective cohorts, including 36,297 BC cases among 1,061,915 women, using multivariable Cox regression analyses, controlling for reproductive factors, diet and other risk factors. We estimated dose-response relationships and tested for nonlinear associations using restricted cubic splines. Height showed positive, linear associations for premenopausal and postmenopausal BC risk (6-7% RR increase per 5 cm increment), with stronger associations for receptor-positive subtypes. Body mass index (BMI) at cohort baseline was strongly inversely associated with premenopausal BC risk, and strongly positively-and nonlinearly-associated with postmenopausal BC (especially among women who never used hormone replacement therapy). This was primarily observed for receptor-positive subtypes. Early adult BMI (at 18-20 years) showed inverse, linear associations for premenopausal and postmenopausal BC risk (21% and 11% RR decrease per 5 kg/m2, respectively) with stronger associations for receptor-negative subtypes. Adult weight gain since 18-20 years was positively associated with postmenopausal BC risk, stronger for receptor-positive subtypes, and among women who were leaner in early adulthood. Women heavier in early adulthood generally had reduced premenopausal BC risk, independent of later weight gain. Positive associations between height, baseline (adult) BMI, adult weight gain and postmenopausal BC risk were substantially stronger for hormone receptor-positive versus negative subtypes. Premenopausal BC risk was positively associated with height, but inversely with baseline BMI and weight gain (mostly in receptor-positive subtypes). Inverse associations with early adult BMI seemed stronger in receptor-negative subtypes of premenopausal and postmenopausal BC.
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| 55. |
- Wallin, Alice, et al.
(författare)
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Validity of food frequency questionnaire-based estimates of long-term long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 53:2, s. 549-555
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE:To evaluate how long-term dietary intake of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3 PUFAs), estimated by repeated food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) over 15 years, is correlated with LCn-3 PUFAs in adipose tissue (AT).METHODS:Subcutaneous adipose tissue was obtained in 2003-2004 (AT-03) from 239 randomly selected women, aged 55-75 years, after completion of a 96-item FFQ (FFQ-03). All participants had previously returned an identical FFQ in 1997 (FFQ-97) and a 67-item version in 1987-1990 (FFQ-87). Pearson product-moment correlations were used to evaluate associations between intake of total and individual LCn-3 PUFAs as estimated by the three FFQ assessments and AT-03 content (% of total fatty acids).RESULTS:FFQ-estimated mean relative intake of LCn-3 PUFAs (% of total fat intake) increased between all three assessments (FFQ-87, 0.55 ± 0.34; FFQ-97, 0.74 ± 0.64; FFQ-03, 0.88 ± 0.56). Validity, in terms of Pearson correlations between FFQ-03 estimates and AT-03 content, was 0.41 (95 % CI 0.30-0.51) for total LCn-3 PUFA and ranged from 0.29 to 0.48 for individual fatty acids; lower correlation was observed among participants with higher percentage body fat. With regard to long-term intake estimates, past dietary intake was also correlated with AT-03 content, with correlation coefficients in the range of 0.21-0.33 and 0.21-0.34 for FFQ-97 and FFQ-87, respectively. The correlations were improved by using average estimates from two or more FFQ assessments. Exclusion of fish oil supplement users (14 %) did not alter the correlations.CONCLUSION:These data indicate reasonable validity of FFQ-based estimates of long-term (up to 15 years) LCn-3 PUFA intake, justifying their use in studies of diet-disease associations.
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| 56. |
- Wengström, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Flodpärlmusslans status i Västra Götalands län : En inventering av åtta av länets vattendrag 2021
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Som en del i Länsstyrelsens miljöövervakningsprogram genomfördes 2021 inventeringar av flodpärlmusslor (Margaritifera margaritifera) i åtta vattendrag i Västra Götalands län. Resultaten ger nödvändigt underlag för att bedöma musslans status och är stöd till bland annat naturvårdsinsatser. Resultaten är även ett viktigt underlag för uppföljningen av miljömålen Levande sjöar och vattendrag samt Ett rikt växt- och djurliv.Under 2021 har inventering av flodpärlmussla genomförts i Lindåsabäcken, Lärjeån, Kolarebäcken, Nordån, Slereboån, Stommebäcken, Sörån och Teåkersälven. Syftet med inventeringarna har varit att undersöka statusen på de olika populationerna och att jämföra detta med tidigare inventeringar.Inventeringar och rapport har utförts av EnviroPlanning AB och Sportfiskarna på uppdrag av Länsstyrelsen i Västra Götalands län och de tackas för sina insatser. De ansvarar för rapportens innehåll och rapporten behöver därmed inte representera Länsstyrelsens ståndpunkt.
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| 57. |
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| 58. |
- Yang, Fei, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary antioxidants and risk of Parkinson's disease in two population-based cohorts.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Movement Disorders. - : Wiley. - 0885-3185 .- 1531-8257. ; 32:11, s. 1631-1636
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A neuroprotective effect of dietary antioxidants on Parkinson's disease (PD) risk has been suggested, but epidemiological evidence is limited.OBJECTIVES: To examine the associations between intake of dietary antioxidant vitamins and total antioxidant capacity and risk of PD.METHODS: We prospectively assessed the relationships of dietary antioxidant vitamins C and E, ß-carotene, and total antioxidant capacity with PD risk in two population-based cohorts (38,937 women and 45,837 men).RESULTS: During a mean 14.9-year follow-up period, 1,329 PD cases were identified. Dietary intake of ß-carotene was associated with a lower risk of PD (hazard ratio: 0.86; 95% confidence interval: 0.78-0.95; Ptrend < 0.01 for women and hazard ratio: 0.91; 95% confidence interval: 0.84-0.99; Ptrend = 0.05 for men). An inverse association between dietary vitamin E and PD risk was found in women (hazard ratio: 0.87; 95% confidence interval: 0.79-0.96; Ptrend = 0.02). Dietary intake of vitamin C was inversely associated with PD risk in women at borderline significance (hazard ratio: 0.91; 95% confidence interval: 0.83-1.00; Ptrend = 0.04). There was no association between dietary total antioxidant capacity and PD risk in either women (hazard ratio: 0.93; 95% confidence interval: 0.84-1.02; Ptrend = 0.35) or men (hazard ratio: 1.00; 95% confidence interval: 0.93-1.07; Ptrend = 0.97).CONCLUSION: Intake of dietary vitamin E and ß-carotene was associated with a lower risk of PD. © 2017 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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| 59. |
- Yuan, Shuai, et al.
(författare)
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Anti-inflammatory diet and venous thromboembolism : Two prospective cohort studies
- 2021
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Ingår i: NMCD. Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. - : Elsevier. - 0939-4753 .- 1590-3729. ; 31:10, s. 2831-2838
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: Inflammation has been revealed to facilitate thrombogenesis and to increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, limited data are available on the association between the anti-inflammatory diet and incident VTE. We conducted a cohort analysis to examine this association and to further examine whether this association is modified by smoking status, a trigger of systemic inflammation.Methods and results: We used data from two cohorts including 81,507 middle-aged and older Swedish adults without previous VTE at baseline. An empirically validated anti-inflammatory diet index (AIDI), based on 12 foods with anti-inflammatory potential and 5 foods with pro-inflammatory potential, was employed to estimate the anti-inflammatory potential of diet. Haz-ard ratios (HRs), with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), of VTE were estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression models. During a mean follow-up of 17.8-years, 5241 VTE cases were diagnosed. Compared with individuals in the lowest quartile of the AIDI (score 4), those in the highest quartile (score 8) had a 9% (95% CI, 0-17%) lower risk of VTE. The in-verse association was observed in current and past smokers (HR between the two extreme quar-tiles, 0.80, 95% CI, 0.70-0.91) but not in never smokers (HR, 1.03, 95% CI, 0.91-1.17). French fries (HR per serving, 1.33, 95% CI, 1.06, 1.67) but no other foods included in AIDI was associated with VTE.Conclusion: The study suggests that a consumption of foods with high anti-inflammatory poten-tial may play a role in the prevention of VTE in smokers.
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| 60. |
- Yuan, Shuai, et al.
(författare)
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Overall and abdominal obesity in relation to venous thromboembolism
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1538-7933 .- 1538-7836. ; 19:2, s. 460-469
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Abdominal obesity has been shown to be a superior measure over overall obesity for detecting cardiovascular risk.OBJECTIVE: We conducted this study to compare the effects of overall and central obesity on VTE and to calculate population attributable fraction for obesity for VTE.METHODS: Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) was used to represent overall and abdominal obesity, respectively. In the cohort study, we included 74,317 Swedish adults with anthropometric measures in 1997 and of whom 4332 were diagnosed with VTE until the end of 2017. A Mendelian randomization study was conducted to investigate causal associations of BMI, WC, and WC adjusted for BMI with VTE using data from FinnGen and UK Biobank study. Population attributable fraction was calculated for overall and abdominal obesity for VTE.RESULTS: In the cohort study, there were dose-response associations of BMI and WC with VTE. The association between BMI and VTE was attenuated largely after adjusting for WC. Among individuals with normal BMI, participants with substantially increased WC had 53% higher (HR 1.53; 95% CI, 1.28, 1.81) risk of VTE compared with those with normal WC. The causality of the association of WC adjusted for BMI with VTE was confirmed in MR analysis. The estimated population-attributable risk due to elevated BMI and WC were 12.4% (8.4%, 16.5%) and 23.7% (18.1%, 29.4%), respectively.CONCLUSIONS: WC might be a preferable indictor linking obesity to VTE. A large proportion of VTE cases can be prevented if the population maintained a healthy BMI and WC.
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