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- Bornhöft, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Development and feasibility of a function-based preventive intervention for lifestyle-related disorders
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMC PUBLIC HEALTH. - 1471-2458. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe enormous effect of lifestyle-related disorders on health of the global population warrants the development of preventive interventions. Focusing on musculoskeletal health and physical activity may be a way to encourage necessary lifestyle changes by making them more concrete and understandable. The aims of the current study were to develop a function-based preventive intervention aimed at lifestyle-related disorders in physically inactive 40-year-old people and to investigate the feasibility of the intervention. The feasibility study aimed to solve practical and logistical challenges and to develop the intervention based on the experiences of participants and involved clinical personnel according to defined criteria.MethodsDevelopment of the standardised functional examination was based on literature-validated tests and clinical reasoning. Development of a risk profile was based on the functional examination and similar profiles which have already proved feasible. The feasibility of the functional examination and risk profile, together with function-based lifestyle counselling was tested on 27 participants in a pilot study with two physiotherapist examinations over a four-month period. Practical results and feedback from participants and collaborating personnel were examined.ResultsThe functional examination consists of 20 established tests not requiring specialised equipment or training which were deemed relevant for a middle-aged population and a sub-maximal ergometer test. The risk profile consists of seven functional dimensions: cardiovascular fitness, strength in upper extremity, lower extremity and trunk, mobility, balance and posture, and three non-functional dimensions: weight, self-assessed physical activity and pain. Each dimension contains at least two measures. The participants appreciated the intervention and found it motivating for making lifestyle changes. They found the tests and risk profile understandable and could see them as tools to help achieve concrete goals. The examination required 60-75 min for one physiotherapist. The recruitment rate was low and recruited participants were highly motivated to making lifestyle changes.ConclusionThis project developed a functional test battery and risk profile aimed at inactive 40-year-olds which fulfilled our feasibility criteria. Functional screening and lifestyle counselling were found to be of value to a sub-group of inactive 40-year-olds who were already motivated to improve their health situations.
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| 28. |
- Braun, Oscar Ö., et al.
(författare)
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Continuous-flow LVADs in the Nordic countries : complications and mortality and its predictors
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 53:1, s. 14-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess complications and mortality and its predictors, with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVADs) in the Nordic Countries.Design: This was a retrospective, international, multicenter cohort study.Results: Between 1993 and 2013, 442 surgically implanted long-term mechanical assist devices were used among 8 centers in the Nordic countries. Of those, 238 were CF-LVADs (HVAD or HeartMate II) implanted in patients >18 years with complete data. Postoperative complications and survival were compared and Cox proportion hazard regression analysis was used to identify predictors of mortality. The overall Kaplan-Meier survival rate was 75% at 1 year, 69% at 2 years and 63% at 3 years. A planned strategy of destination therapy had poorer survival compared to a strategy of bridge to transplantation or decision (2-year survival of 41% vs. 76%, p < .001). The most common complications were non-driveline infections (excluding sepsis) (44%), driveline infection (27%), need for continuous renal replacement therapy (25%) and right heart failure (24%). In a multivariate model age and left ventricular diastolic dimension was left as independent risk factors for mortality with a hazard ratio of 1.35 (95% confidence interval (CI) [1.01-1.80], p = .046) per 10 years and 0.88 (95% CI [0.72-0.99], p = .044) per 5 mm, respectively.Conclusion: Outcome with CF LVAD in the Nordic countries was comparable to other cohorts. Higher age and destination therapy require particularly stringent selection.
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| 29. |
- Brodin, L, et al.
(författare)
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The reticulospinal glutamate synapse in lamprey: plasticity and presynaptic variability
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurophysiology. - 0022-3077 .- 1522-1598. ; 72, s. 592-604
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. The glutamatergic synapses formed between the unbranched giant reticulospinal axons onto spinal neurons in lamprey offer a central vertebrate synapse in which the presynaptic element can be impaled with one or several microelectrodes, which may be used for recording as well as microinjection of different substances. To provide a basis for the use of this synapse in studies of release mechanisms, we have examined the use-dependent modulation of the synaptic response under conditions of conventional cell body stimulation, and during direct stimulation of the presynaptic axon. 2. To examine the stability of the mixed electrotonic and chemical reticulospinal excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) over time, action potentials were evoked at a rate of 1 Hz for 800-1000 trials. In three out of seven synapses the chemical component remained at a similar amplitude, while in four cases a progressive decrease (up to 35%) occurred. The electrotonic component remained at a similar amplitude in all cases. 3. During paired pulse stimulation of the reticulospinal cell body (pulse interval 65 ms) the chemical EPSP component showed a net facilitation in all cases tested [from 0.64 +/- 0.35 to 0.89 +/- 0.48 (SD) mV, n = 13], while the peak amplitude of the electrotonic component was unchanged (1.37 +/- 0.68 and 1.36 +/- 0.66 mV, respectively). Recording of the axonal action potential during paired pulse stimulation showed that the width of the first and second action potential did not differ [1/2 width (2.48 +/- 0.39 ms and 2.48 +/- 0.42 ms, respectively; n = 8)]. 4. The degree of facilitation varied markedly between different synapses, ranging from an increase of a few percent to a two-fold increase (24 +/- 16% mean change of total EPSP amplitude, corresponding to 44 +/- 26% mean change of chemical EPSP amplitude). This type of variability was also observed in synapses made from the same unbranched reticulospinal axon onto different postsynaptic cells. 5. When paired pulse stimulation was applied to the reticulospinal axon in the very vicinity of the synaptic area (0.1-1 mm) a net depression of the chemical component occurred in 11 out of 19 cases, and in the remaining cases the level of net facilitation was lower as compared with cell body stimulation (range between +17 and -23% change of total EPSP amplitude; mean -5%; n = 19). 6. To test if the change of the EPSP plasticity during local stimulation correlated with an increased transmitter release, two microelectrodes were placed in the same reticulospinal axon at different distances from the synaptic area.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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| 30. |
- Broitman, E., et al.
(författare)
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Mechanical and tribological properties of CNx films deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering
- 2001
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Ingår i: Wear. - 0043-1648 .- 1873-2577. ; 248:1-2, s. 55-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hardness, elasticity, wear rate and friction coefficient of carbon nitride (CNx) films of defined microstructure and composition are presented. CNx films were deposited by dc reactive magnetron sputtering from a C target in N2/Ar plasma. Films were grown on Si (001), Ni, and HSS substrates to thickness of ~0.5 µm at a total pressure of 3 mTorr with the N2 fraction varied from 0 to 1, and the substrate temperature Ts, varied from ambient to 350°C. The mechanical and tribological properties of the coatings were evaluated by nanoindentation and dry ball-on-disk test. For CNx (0 = x = 0.35) films deposited below 200°C (amorphous structure), the elastic recovery and hardness do not change significantly with increasing N concentration, however, the friction coefficient increases from 0.19 to 0.45, while the coating wear rate is low. For CNx (0 = x = 0.15) films grown at Ts = 350°C, where a transition from a graphite-like to a "fullerene-like" phase occurs, a dramatic increase in hardness and elasticity is observed. Furthermore, the rms surface roughness decreases from 15.0 to 0.4 nm. For 0.15 = x = 0.20, CNx films deposited at Ts = 350°C (fullerene-like phase) exhibit a smooth surface, high hardness and elasticity (~90% recovery), and a coefficient of friction against hard steel of ~0.25. For all substrates, film friction coefficient tends to increase as the nitrogen content in the film is increased. Results also indicate the formation of a transfer layer which improves the tribological properties of the films. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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