| 31. |
- Heyne, Stefan, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Well-to-tank data for advanced tailor-made biofuel alternatives
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings. - : ETA-Florence Renewable Energies. ; 2017:25thEUBCE, s. 1230-1236
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present work is part of a cross-disciplinary Swedish research project on advanced tailor-made biofuels that aims at identifying drop-in biofuel options for the transport sector that combine excellent combustion properties with sustainable production pathways. The present paper addresses the methodology and primary results of the biofuel production pathway assessment for the diesel fuel alternatives identified within the project. The methodology is illustrated for 2-Ethylhexanol. Three alternative production pathways for 2-Ethylhexanol are analyzed: gasification-based, butanol-based and ethanol-based. The highest biomass to 2-Ethylhexanol conversion (33.9%, lower heating value basis) is achieved for the ethanol-based conversion pathway. The varying spectrum of by-products requires a sophisticated analysis necessary, as addressed in the present work. 2-Ethylhexanol as biofuel cannot outperform conventional biofuels such as e.g. ethanol from a well-to-tank energy performance perspective due to the additional conversion steps necessary. End-use phase benefits such as higher blend-in ratios or reduced pollutant emissions may change the well-to-wheel picture.
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| 32. |
- Mossberg, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Bridging barriers for multi-party investments in energy efficiency – A real options based approach for common utility systems design and evaluation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of ECEEE industrial summer study, 2014. - 2001-7987. ; 2
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Total Site Analysis (TSA) is a tool for quantifying energy savings targets in large industrial process clusters. Thereafter retrofit design tools can be used to identify efficient solutions in which the different process sites exchange excess energy with each other through the site utility system, thus reducing the overall need for external fuels/energy. Compared to energy efficiency investments identified for single companies, similar investments identified for clusters hold an inherent complexity; they assume joint investments and multi-party collaboration, which often constitute a barrier for implementation. Real Options Analysis (ROA) is a tool that can be used for helping managers to evaluate different investment options. However, previous research almost exclusively concerns single companies/actors and not the increased complexity of joint investments. This paper presents a novel approach, showing how ROA can be applied not only to handle uncertainties regarding market development but also reduce complexity associated with multiparty cooperation in a joint energy efficiency investments based on TSA. The approachis applied on a case study of a joint energy efficiency retrofit investment in a Swedish chemical cluster. Using ROA, the case study shows how the identified solution can divided into “investment packages” distributed over time, allowing for an initial investment by only two actors and permitting for an evaluation of both the cooperation and the market development before expanding the investment and the number of actors involved. Further, an economic assessment of the project is presented together with an analysis of the cost/ benefit of gradually expanding the investment.
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| 33. |
- Taljegård, Maria, 1988, et al.
(författare)
-
Electrofuels – a possibility for shipping in a low carbon future?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of International Conference on Shipping in Changing Climates, Glasgow, Nov 2015. ; 2, s. 405-418
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Continued growth of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the shipping industry until 2050 and beyond is expected although of the recent decline. The global share of anthropogenic CO2 emissions from ships is only about 2 percent, but there is a risk that this share will increase substantially if no action is taken. What are the possibilities for decarbonisation of the shipping industry, then? Some of the measures discussed are energy efficiency, use of biofuels and use of hydrogen. In this paper a fourth option is scrutinised – use of electrofuels. Electrofuels is an umbrella term for carbon-based fuels, e.g. methane or methanol, which are produced using electricity as the primary source of energy. The carbon in the fuel comes from CO2 which can be captured from various industrial processes such as exhaust gases, the sea or the air. The production of electrofuels is still in its infancy, and many challenges need to be overcome before electrofuels are brought to market on a large scale. First, this paper gives an overview of the current status of electrofuels regarding technologies, efficiencies and costs. Second, as electrofuels production requires significant amounts of CO2 and electricity, the feasibility to produce enough electrofuels to supply all ships bunkering in Sweden, with regionally produced electricity and regionally emitted CO2, and the amount of CO2 that is required to supply all ships globally is evaluated in two case studies assessing supply potential.
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