| 561. |
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| 562. |
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| 563. |
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| 564. |
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| 565. |
- Hamacher, T, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of the xylose-transporting properties of yeast hexose transporters and their influence on xylose utilization
- 2002
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Ingår i: Microbiology. - 1465-2080. ; 148, s. 2783-2788
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For an economically feasible production of ethanol from plant biomass by microbial cells, the fermentation of xylose is important. As xylose uptake might be a limiting step for xylose fermentation by recombinant xylose-utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells a study of xylose uptake was performed. After deletion of all of the 18 hexose-transporter genes, the ability of the cells to take up and to grow on xylose was lost. Reintroduction of individual hexose-transporter genes in this strain revealed that at intermediate xylose concentrations the yeast high- and intermediate-affinity transporters Hxt4, Hxt5, Hxt7 and Ga12 are important xylose-transporting proteins. Several heterologous monosaccharide transporters from bacteria and plant cells did not confer sufficient uptake activity to restore growth on xylose. Overexpression of the xylose-transporting proteins in a xylose-utilizing PUA yeast strain did not result in faster growth on xylose under aerobic conditions nor did it enhance the xylose fermentation rate under anaerobic conditions. The results of this study suggest that xylose uptake does not determine the xylose flux under the conditions and in the yeast strains investigated.
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| 566. |
- Han, W. G., et al.
(författare)
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A theoretical study of the UV/visible absorption and emission solvatochromic properties of solvent-sensitive dyes
- 2003
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Ingår i: ChemPhysChem. - : Wiley. - 1439-4235 .- 1439-7641. ; 4:10, s. 1084-1094
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using the density-functional vertical self-consistent reaction field (VSCRF) solvation model, incorporated with the conductor-like screening model (COSMO) and the self-consistent reaction field (SCRF) methods, we have studied the solvatochromic shifts of both the absorption and emission bands of four solvent sensitive dyes in different solutions. The dye molecules studies here are: S-TBA merocyanine, Abdel-Halim's merocyanine, the rigidified amino-coumarin C153, and Nile red. These dyes were selected because they exemplify different structural features likely to impact the solvent-sensitive fluorescence of push-pull, or merocyanine, fluorophores. All trends of the blue or red shifts were correctly predicted, comparing with the experimental observations. Explicit h-bonding interactions were also considered in several protic solutions like H2O, methanol and ethanol, showing that including explicit H-bonding solvent molecule(s) in the calculations is important to obtain the correct order of the excitation and emission energies. The geometries, electronic structures, dipole moments, and intra- and intermolecular charge transfers of the dyes in different solvents are also discussed.
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| 567. |
- Harding, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Probing the Effect of Surface Strain on CO Binding to Pd Thin Films
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 123:19, s. 12255-12260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report measurements to investigate the effects of mechanical strain on the binding energy of carbon monoxide (CO) on the (111) surface of a 16 nm thin film of palladium (Pd) grown on rutile titanium dioxide (r-TiO2). The lattice mismatch between Pd and the r-TiO2 leads to a tensile mechanical in-plane stress in the Pd layer of approximately 0.38 GPa. We observe an increase of (40 +/- 10) kJ mol(-1) in the CO binding energy for the 16 nm sample compared to a bulk Pd(111) crystal, which is in qualitative agreement with expectations based on the d-band model.
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| 568. |
- Heckemann, Birgit, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of aggression management training programmes for nursing staff and students working in an acute hospital setting. A narrative review of current literature
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nurse Education Today. - : Elsevier BV. - 0260-6917. ; 35:1, s. 212-219
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patient aggression is a longstanding problem in general hospital nursing. Staff training is recommended to tackle workplace aggression originating from patients or visitors, yet evidence on training effects is scarce. Aims:To review and collate current research evidence on the effect of aggression management training for nurses and nursing students working in general hospitals, and to derive recommendations for further research. Data Sources: Embase, MEDLINE, the Cochrane library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, pubmed, psycArticles, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection were searched for articles evaluating training programs for staff and students in acute hospital adult nursing in a 'before/after' design. Studies published between January 2000 and September 2011 in English, French or German were eligible of inclusion. Review Methods: The methodological quality of included studies was assessed with the 'Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies'. Main outcomes i.e. attitudes, confidence, skills and knowledge were collated. Results: Nine studies were included. Two had a weak, six a moderate, and one a strong study design. All studies reported increased confidence, improved attitude, skills, and knowledge about risk factors post training. There was no significant change in incidence of patient aggression. Conclusion: Our findings corroborate findings of reviews on training in mental health care, which point to a lack of high quality research. Training does not reduce the incidence of aggressive acts. Aggression needs to be tackled at an organizational level. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 569. |
- Hedstrom, AK, et al.
(författare)
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Smokers run increased risk of developing anti-natalizumab antibodies
- 2014
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Ingår i: Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England). - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-0970 .- 1352-4585. ; 20:8, s. 1081-1085
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smoking may contribute to the induction of neutralizing antibodies to interferon β-1a. Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence of smoking on the risk of developing antibodies to natalizumab, another biological drug in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Methods: This report is based on 1338 natalizumab-treated multiple sclerosis patients included in either of two Swedish case-control studies in which information on smoking habits was collected. Using logistic regression, patients with different smoking habits were compared regarding risk of developing anti-natalizumab antibodies, by calculating odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Results: Compared with nonsmokers, the odds ratio of developing anti-natalizumab antibodies was 2.4 (95% CI 1.2–4.4) for patients who smoked at the time of screening, and a significant trend showed higher risk of developing antibodies with higher intensity of smoking. When smoking within two years prior to screening was considered, the odds ratio of developing anti-natalizumab antibodies was 2.7 (1.5–5.1). Interpretations: The finding strengthens our hypothesis of the lungs as immune-reactive organs on irritation in relation to autoimmune responses, and may also be of clinical relevance since antibodies against natalizumab abrogate the therapeutic effect of the treatment.
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| 570. |
- Hedstrom, AK, et al.
(författare)
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Smoking and risk of treatment-induced neutralizing antibodies to interferon β-1a
- 2014
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Ingår i: Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England). - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-0970 .- 1352-4585. ; 20:4, s. 445-450
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) to interferon β (IFNβ) products that develop during treatment are associated with a loss of clinical efficacy. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of smoking habits on the risk of developing NAbs to IFNβ, in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: This report is based on 695 MS patients treated with IFNβ-1a, included in two Swedish case-control studies that collected information on smoking habits. Using logistic regression, the development of NAbs to IFNβ-1a among current smokers was compared with that of non-smokers, by calculating the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Current smokers showed an increased risk of developing NAbs to IFNβ-1a, compared with non-smokers (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.3–2.8; p = 0.002). There were no gender differences. We observed no association between past smoking and the risk of developing NAbs to IFNβ-1a. Conclusions: The finding that current smokers have an increased risk of developing NAbs to IFNβ-1a has implications, both for the practical care and the treatment of MS; it also provides an interesting perspective of the lungs as an immune-reactive organ, reacting upon irritation.
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