| 51. |
- Bonaglia, Stefano, et al.
(författare)
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The fate of fixed nitrogen in marine sediments with low organic loading : an in situ study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Biogeosciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1726-4170 .- 1726-4189. ; 14:2, s. 285-300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the last decades, the impact of human activities on the global nitrogen (N) cycle has drastically increased. Consequently, benthic N cycling has mainly been studied in anthropogenically impacted estuaries and coasts, while in oligotrophic systems its understanding is still scarce. Here we report on benthic solute fluxes and on rates of denitrification, anammox, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) studied by in situ incubations with benthic chamber landers during two cruises to the Gulf of Bothnia (GOB), a cold, oligotrophic basin located in the northern part of the Baltic Sea. Rates of N burial were also inferred to investigate the fate of fixed N in these sediments. Most of the total dissolved fixed nitrogen (TDN) diffusing to the water column was composed of organic N. Average rates of dinitrogen (N-2) production by denitrification and anammox (range: 53-360 mu mol Nm(-2) day(-1)) were comparable to those from Arctic and subarctic sediments worldwide (range: 34-344 mu mol Nm(-2) day(-1)). Anammox accounted for 18-26% of the total N2 production. Absence of free hydrogen sulfide and low concentrations of dissolved iron in sediment pore water suggested that denitrification and DNRA were driven by organic matter oxidation rather than chemolithotrophy. DNRA was as important as denitrification at a shallow, coastal station situated in the northern Bothnian Bay. At this pristine and fully oxygenated site, ammonium regeneration through DNRA contributed more than one-third to the TDN efflux and accounted, on average, for 45% of total nitrate reduction. At the offshore stations, the proportion of DNRA in relation to denitrification was lower (0-16% of total nitrate reduction). Median value and range of benthic DNRA rates from the GOB were comparable to those from the southern and central eutrophic Baltic Sea and other temperate estuaries and coasts in Europe. Therefore, our results contrast with the view that DNRA is negligible in cold and well-oxygenated sediments with low organic carbon loading. However, the mechanisms behind the variability in DNRA rates between our sites were not resolved. The GOB sediments were a major source (237 kt yr(-1), which corresponds to 184% of the external N load) of fixed N to the water column through recycling mechanisms. To our knowledge, our study is the first to document the simultaneous contribution of denitrification, DNRA, anammox, and TDN recycling combined with in situ measurements.
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| 52. |
- de Boer, Anneloes, et al.
(författare)
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Consensus-Based Technical Recommendations for Clinical Translation of Renal Phase Contrast MRI
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1053-1807 .- 1522-2586. ; 55:2, s. 323-335
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Phase-contrast (PC) MRI is a feasible and valid noninvasive technique to measure renal artery blood flow, showing potential to support diagnosis and monitoring of renal diseases. However, the variability in measured renal blood flow values across studies is large, most likely due to differences in PC-MRI acquisition and processing. Standardized acquisition and processing protocols are therefore needed to minimize this variability and maximize the potential of renal PC-MRI as a clinically useful tool.PURPOSE: To build technical recommendations for the acquisition, processing, and analysis of renal 2D PC-MRI data in human subjects to promote standardization of renal blood flow measurements and facilitate the comparability of results across scanners and in multicenter clinical studies.STUDY TYPE: Systematic consensus process using a modified Delphi method.POPULATION: Not applicable.SEQUENCE FIELD/STRENGTH: Renal fast gradient echo-based 2D PC-MRI.ASSESSMENT: An international panel of 27 experts from Europe, the USA, Australia, and Japan with 6 (interquartile range 4-10) years of experience in 2D PC-MRI formulated consensus statements on renal 2D PC-MRI in two rounds of surveys. Starting from a recently published systematic review article, literature-based and data-driven statements regarding patient preparation, hardware, acquisition protocol, analysis steps, and data reporting were formulated.STATISTICAL TESTS: Consensus was defined as ≥75% unanimity in response, and a clear preference was defined as 60-74% agreement among the experts.RESULTS: Among 60 statements, 57 (95%) achieved consensus after the second-round survey, while the remaining three showed a clear preference. Consensus statements resulted in specific recommendations for subject preparation, 2D renal PC-MRI data acquisition, processing, and reporting.DATA CONCLUSION: These recommendations might promote a widespread adoption of renal PC-MRI, and may help foster the set-up of multicenter studies aimed at defining reference values and building larger and more definitive evidence, and will facilitate clinical translation of PC-MRI.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 1.
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| 53. |
- Hall, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Reproductive homing and fine-scaled genetic structuring of anadromous Baltic Sea perch (Perca fluviatilis)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Fisheries Management and Ecology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0969-997X .- 1365-2400. ; 29:5, s. 586-596
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate the population dynamics of anadromous Baltic Sea perch Perca fluviatilis (Linnaeus), we studied the migratory behaviour (arrival to spawning location) and population structure (genetic structure and differentiation) of three closely located (<50 km) populations. Spawning migration lasted for 32-80 days, and passive integrated transponder tag (PIT-tag) data indicated that anadromous perch displayed reproductive homing. Populations were differentiated, despite low levels of gene flow (3%-5%), and differentiation increased with increasing geographic distance. This fine-scaled spatial structuring was likely, at least partly, explained by homing behaviour. Analyses of temporal within-stream substructuring yielded inconclusive results, so further studies are required to evaluate this. Taken together, our findings highlight the potential for fine-scaled genetic structuring in anadromous perch and indicate that multiple mechanisms, such as isolation by distance, homing, and reproductive timing could contribute to this pattern. This illustrates the importance of considering cryptic barriers to accurately identify reproductive units, and points to the need for local management of anadromous perch.
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| 54. |
- Lango Allen, Hana, et al.
(författare)
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Hundreds of variants clustered in genomic loci and biological pathways affect human height.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 467:7317, s. 832-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most common human traits and diseases have a polygenic pattern of inheritance: DNA sequence variants at many genetic loci influence the phenotype. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified more than 600 variants associated with human traits, but these typically explain small fractions of phenotypic variation, raising questions about the use of further studies. Here, using 183,727 individuals, we show that hundreds of genetic variants, in at least 180 loci, influence adult height, a highly heritable and classic polygenic trait. The large number of loci reveals patterns with important implications for genetic studies of common human diseases and traits. First, the 180 loci are not random, but instead are enriched for genes that are connected in biological pathways (P = 0.016) and that underlie skeletal growth defects (P<0.001). Second, the likely causal gene is often located near the most strongly associated variant: in 13 of 21 loci containing a known skeletal growth gene, that gene was closest to the associated variant. Third, at least 19 loci have multiple independently associated variants, suggesting that allelic heterogeneity is a frequent feature of polygenic traits, that comprehensive explorations of already-discovered loci should discover additional variants and that an appreciable fraction of associated loci may have been identified. Fourth, associated variants are enriched for likely functional effects on genes, being over-represented among variants that alter amino-acid structure of proteins and expression levels of nearby genes. Our data explain approximately 10% of the phenotypic variation in height, and we estimate that unidentified common variants of similar effect sizes would increase this figure to approximately 16% of phenotypic variation (approximately 20% of heritable variation). Although additional approaches are needed to dissect the genetic architecture of polygenic human traits fully, our findings indicate that GWA studies can identify large numbers of loci that implicate biologically relevant genes and pathways.
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| 55. |
- Mälarstig, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of circulating plasma proteins in breast cancer using Mendelian randomisation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biomarkers for early detection of breast cancer may complement population screening approaches to enable earlier and more precise treatment. The blood proteome is an important source for biomarker discovery but so far, few proteins have been identified with breast cancer risk. Here, we measure 2929 unique proteins in plasma from 598 women selected from the Karolinska Mammography Project to explore the association between protein levels, clinical characteristics, and gene variants, and to identify proteins with a causal role in breast cancer. We present 812 cis-acting protein quantitative trait loci for 737 proteins which are used as instruments in Mendelian randomisation analyses of breast cancer risk. Of those, we present five proteins (CD160, DNPH1, LAYN, LRRC37A2 and TLR1) that show a potential causal role in breast cancer risk with confirmatory results in independent cohorts. Our study suggests that these proteins should be further explored as biomarkers and potential drug targets in breast cancer.
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| 56. |
- Nilsson, Madeleine, et al.
(författare)
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Particle shuttling and oxidation capacity of sedimentary organic carbon on the Baltic Sea system scale
- 2021
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Ingår i: Marine Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4203. ; 232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Continental margin sediments receive most of the particulate organic carbon (POC) deposited on the global seafloor, making them crucial locations in the carbon cycle. However, the complex environments in coastal oceans make it challenging to predict the fate of sedimentary organic carbon (OC) in these areas. Here we use data from 21 sites in the Baltic Sea, representing different biological and physiochemical regimes, to explore controls on sedimentary OC cycling. To this end, we combine in situ measured benthic fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC; proxy for OC oxidation) with data on sediment properties. In the Gulf of Bothnia, low sedimentary OC oxidation capacities (yearly DIC flux divided by sedimentary POC inventory) were likely caused by a large fraction of terrestrial material in the POC pool, indicated by low sedimentary chlorophyll a content and high (> 10) carbon:nitrogen ratios. The highest OC oxidation capacities were measured at shallow, permanently oxic sites in the Baltic Proper, where bioturbation likely stimulates OC oxidation. The other sites in the Baltic Proper and all stations in the Gulf of Finland displayed increasing OC oxidation capacities with increasing normalised water depth (station depth divided by maximal depth in the basin). This pattern suggests that substantial quantities of POC are shuttled, through repeated cycles of resuspension-redeposition, from shallow erosion-transport (ET) areas to deep accumulation (A) areas. This interpretation was supported by decreasing sediment age and increasing sedimentary inventories of POC and chlorophyll a with normalised water depth. Our calculations indicate that particle shuttling redistributes almost half of the deposited export production from ET areas to A areas in the Baltic Proper, and that substantial amounts of terrestrial organic material are transported through particle shuttling to the deeper parts of the Gulf of Finland and Gulf of Bothnia. Depositional setting and POC origin can thus be central factors in predicting the distribution and fate of OC in coastal and shelf sediments.
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| 57. |
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| 58. |
- Nordeman, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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C-11 and F-18 Radiolabeling of Tetra- and Pentathiophenes as PET-Ligands for Amyloid Protein Aggregates
- 2016
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Ingår i: ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-5875. ; 7:4, s. 368-373
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three oligothiophenes were evaluated as PET ligands for the study of local and systemic amyloidosis ex vivo using tissue from patients with amyloid deposits and in vivo using healthy animals and PET-CT. The ex vivo binding studies revealed that all three labeled compounds bound specifically to human amyloid deposits. Specific binding was found in the heart, kidney, liver, and spleen. To verify the specificity of the oligothiophenes toward amyloid deposits, tissue sections with amyloid pathology were stained using the fluorescence exhibited by the compounds and evaluated with multiphoton microscopy. Furthermore, a in vivo monkey PET-CT study showed very low uptake in the brain, pancreas, and heart of the healthy animal indicating low nonspecific binding to healthy tissue. The biological evaluations indicated that this is a promising group of compounds for the visualization of systemic and localized amyloidosis.
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| 59. |
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| 60. |
- Runeson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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ESS Control System Data Lab - Executive Summary
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Driven by the idea to use alarm data to explore machine learning across Industry 4.0 applications, the goal of this pilot study was to explore how to collect, store, manage and share data from the ESS Control System. Generally, we seek to make any control system data available for research and innovation but started with alarms as a feasible domain in which to explore machine learning. The goals were threefold, each explored in a work package:1. How to govern a data ecosystem, and which tools are needed to support it?2. How can alarm data be interpreted across industrial contexts, i.e., which meta dataand reference models are needed?3. How can data sharing be practically and legally handled at ESS?In summary, we identify a set of potential alleys for continued work to foster industrial innovation and collaboration in a control system data ecosystem with ESS as a catalyst.
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