| 51. |
- Geisler, Anja, et al.
(författare)
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Pain management after total hip arthroplasty at five different Danish hospitals : A prospective, observational cohort study of 501 patients
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 63:7, s. 923-930
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The available literature does not present a "gold standard" for post-operative pain treatment after total hip arthroplasty (THA). The aim of this prospective observational study was to explore and document post-operative pain treatment, including outcomes, in a large cohort of patients undergoing THA at five different Danish hospitals.METHODS: This prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study of 501 THA patients was performed at five different hospitals in the Capital Region and at the Region Zealand in Denmark, from April 2014 to April 2016. The study had two co-primary outcomes: Pain during mobilisation at 6 hours post-operatively (numeric rating scale [NRS] [0-10]) and morphine consumption 0-24 hours post-operatively.RESULTS: A large variety of analgesic treatments were used at the included hospitals and none of the hospitals used the same non-opioid basic analgesic regimen. For all patients at all hospitals, the NRS-pain level during mobilisation at 6 hours was 5 (3-6), (median [interquartile range]) and the 24-hour intravenous morphine (eqv) consumption was 25 mg (18-35). Although some statistically significant differences between hospitals were found for morphine use, no non-opioid analgesic regimen demonstrated consistent clinically relevant superior efficacy. In general, pain levels at rest were low to moderate and pain during mobilisation was moderate.CONCLUSIONS: Analgesic treatment routines differed between hospitals. Pain levels, however, did not differ substantially and were in general low at rest and moderate during mobilisation. No non-opioid analgesic treatment demonstrated consistent analgesic superiority.
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| 52. |
- Glinge, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Sibling history is associated with heart failure after a first myocardial infarction
- 2020
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Ingår i: Open Heart. - : BMJ. - 2398-595X .- 2053-3624. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Morbidity and mortality due to heart failure (HF) as a complication of myocardial infarction (MI) is high, and remains among the leading causes of death and hospitalisation. This study investigated the association between family history of MI with or without HF, and the risk of developing HF after first MI. Methods: Through nationwide registries, we identified all individuals aged 18-50 years hospitalised with first MI from 1997 to 2016 in Denmark. We identified 13 810 patients with MI, and the cohort was followed until HF diagnosis, second MI, 3 years after index MI, emigration, death or the end of 2016, whichever occurred first. HRs were estimated by Cox hazard regression models adjusted for sex, age, calendar year and comorbidities (reference: patients with no family history of MI). Results: After adjustment, we observed an increased risk of MI-induced HF for those having a sibling with MI with HF (HR 2.05, 95% CI 1.02 to 4.12). Those having a sibling with MI without HF also had a significant, but lower increased risk of HF (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.84). Parental history of MI with or without HF was not associated with HF. Conclusion: In this nationwide cohort, sibling history of MI with or without HF was associated with increased risk of HF after first MI, while a parental family history was not, suggesting that shared environmental factors may predominate in the determination of risk for developing HF.
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| 53. |
- Grunnet, Louise G., et al.
(författare)
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Regulation and Function of FTO mRNA Expression in Human Skeletal Muscle and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue
- 2009
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1939-327X .- 0012-1797. ; 58:10, s. 2402-2408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE-Common variants in FTO (the fat mass- and obesity-associated gene) associate with obesity and type 2 diabetes. The regulation and biological function of FTO mRNA expression in target tissue is unknown. We investigated the genetic and nongenetic regulation of FTO mRNA in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue and their influence on in vivo glucose and fat metabolism. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-The FTO rs9939609 polymorphism was genotyped in two twin cohorts: 1) 298 elderly twins aged 62-83 years with glucose tolerance ranging from normal to type 2 diabetes and 2) 196 young (25-32 years) and elderly (58-66 years) nondiabetic twins examined by a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp including indirect calorimetry. FTO mRNA expression was determined in subcutaneous adipose tissue (n = 226) and skeletal muscle biopsies (n = 158). RESULTS-Heritability of FTO expression in both tissues was low, and FTO expression was not influenced by FTO rs9939609 genotype. FTO mRNA expression in skeletal muscle was regulated by age and sex, whereas age and BMI were predictors of adipose tissue FTO mRNA expression. FTO mRNA expression in adipose tissue was associated with an atherogenic lipid profile. In skeletal muscle, FTO mRNA expression was negatively associated to fat and positively to glucose oxidation rates as well as positively correlated with expression of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation including PGC1 alpha. CONCLUSIONS-The heritability of FTO expression in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle is low and not influenced by obesity-associated FTO genotype. The age-dependent decline in FTO expression is associated with peripheral defects of glucose and fat metabolism. Diabetes 58:2402-2408, 2009
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| 54. |
- Haanes, Hallvard, et al.
(författare)
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Realism and usefulness of multispecies experiment designs with regard to application in radioecology : A review
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 718
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multispecies experiments like microcosms and mesocosms are widely used in many fields of research but not in radioecology. In radioecology, size limitations are important as large experimental volumes involve problems with waste (radionuclides), or shielding, absorption and available space in gamma fields (often within a climate chamber). We have therefore performed a literature review (ISI Web of Science, n = 406) of the design and properties of multispecies effect studies <100 L in size and with three or more mentioned taxa in other research fields to assess their suitability to radioecology. Studies with more mentioned taxa assess structural ecosystem parameters more often than studies with fewer mentioned taxa, while the opposite trend is seen for indirect effects/interactions. Studies of indirect effects benefit from more replicates and longer experiments. Almost all studies assess some ecosystem level parameter but only a quarter take a holistic approach assessing both structural and functional as well as indirect effects. We find that most cosms are custom-made systems, rather than standardised designs. Unmanipulated cosms consist of excised portions of the natural environment with a higher number of mentioned taxa, high ecological complexity and high realism, but have a relatively low replicability. In contrast, standardised cosms with fewer mentioned taxa have less ecological complexity but much higher replicability. This literature review shows that smaller cosm sizes have similar ecological complexity (e.g. number of taxa and trophic levels) and experimental duration as larger sized cosms, allowing for ecologically-relevant investigations, despite their small size. We encourage multispecies radioecology studies, preferably with environmental relevant doses and sufficient detail on dosimetry.
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| 55. |
- Hamdi, Yosr, et al.
(författare)
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Association of breast cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers with genetic variants showing differential allelic expression : identification of a modifier of breast cancer risk at locus 11q22.3
- 2017
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Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-6806 .- 1573-7217. ; 161:1, s. 117-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Cis-acting regulatory SNPs resulting in differential allelic expression (DAE) may, in part, explain the underlying phenotypic variation associated with many complex diseases. To investigate whether common variants associated with DAE were involved in breast cancer susceptibility among BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, a list of 175 genes was developed based of their involvement in cancer-related pathways. Methods: Using data from a genome-wide map of SNPs associated with allelic expression, we assessed the association of ~320 SNPs located in the vicinity of these genes with breast and ovarian cancer risks in 15,252 BRCA1 and 8211 BRCA2 mutation carriers ascertained from 54 studies participating in the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2. Results: We identified a region on 11q22.3 that is significantly associated with breast cancer risk in BRCA1 mutation carriers (most significant SNP rs228595 p = 7 × 10−6). This association was absent in BRCA2 carriers (p = 0.57). The 11q22.3 region notably encompasses genes such as ACAT1, NPAT, and ATM. Expression quantitative trait loci associations were observed in both normal breast and tumors across this region, namely for ACAT1, ATM, and other genes. In silico analysis revealed some overlap between top risk-associated SNPs and relevant biological features in mammary cell data, which suggests potential functional significance. Conclusion: We identified 11q22.3 as a new modifier locus in BRCA1 carriers. Replication in larger studies using estrogen receptor (ER)-negative or triple-negative (i.e., ER-, progesterone receptor-, and HER2-negative) cases could therefore be helpful to confirm the association of this locus with breast cancer risk.
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| 56. |
- Hansen, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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alpha-Synuclein propagates from mouse brain to grafted dopaminergic neurons and seeds aggregation in cultured human cells
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Investigation. - 0021-9738. ; 121:2, s. 715-725
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Post-mortem analyses of brains from patients with Parkinson disease who received fetal mesencephalic transplants show that alpha-synuclein-containing (alpha-syn-containing) Lewy bodies gradually appear in grafted neurons. Here, we explored whether intercellular transfer of alpha-syn from host to graft, followed by seeding of alpha-syn aggregation in recipient neurons, can contribute to this phenomenon. We assessed alpha-syn cell-to-cell transfer using microscopy, flow cytometry, and high-content screening in several coculture model systems. Coculturing cells engineered to express either GFP- or DsRed-tagged alpha-syn resulted in a gradual increase in double-labeled cells. Importantly, alpha-syn-GFP derived from 1 neuroblastoma cell line localized to red fluorescent aggregates in other cells expressing DsRed-alpha-syn, suggesting a seeding effect of transmitted alpha-syn. Extracellular alpha-syn was taken up by cells through endocytosis and interacted with intracellular alpha-syn. Next, following intracortical injection of recombinant alpha-syn in rats, we found neuronal uptake was attenuated by coinjection of an endocytosis inhibitor. Finally, we demonstrated in vivo transfer of alpha-syn between host cells and grafted dopaminergic neurons in mice overexpressing human alpha-syn. In summary, intercellularly transferred alpha-syn interacts with cytoplasmic alpha-syn and can propagate alpha-syn pathology. These results suggest that alpha-syn propagation is a key element in the progression of Parkinson disease pathology.
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| 57. |
- Hansen, Lene, et al.
(författare)
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Guest Editor's Introduction
- 2004
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Ingår i: Security Dialogue. ; 35:4, s. 405-410
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 58. |
- Hansen, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Intake of dietary fiber, especially from cereal foods, is associated with lower incidence of colon cancer in the HELGA cohort
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - Geneve : International union against cancer. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 131:2, s. 469-478
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of dietary fiber on the risk of colon and rectal cancer has been investigated in numerous studies, but findings have been inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between intake of dietary fiber and risk of incident colon (including distal and proximal colon) and rectal cancer in the prospective Scandinavian HELGA cohort and to determine if fiber source (vegetables, fruits, potatoes, cereals) impacted the association. We included 1,168 incident cases (691 colon, 477 rectal cancer), diagnosed during a median of 11.3 years, among 108,081 cohort members. Sex-specific incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of colon and rectal cancer were related to intake of total or specific fiber source using Cox proportional hazards models. For men, an inverse association was observed between intake of total fiber and the risk of colon cancer per an incremental increase of 10 g day(-1) , IRR (95% CI): 0.74 (0.64-0.86). Intake of cereal fiber per 2 g day(-1) was associated with an IRR of 0.94 (0.91-0.98), which was also seen for intake of cereal fiber from foods with high fiber content (≥5 g per 100 g product), where the IRR per 2 g day(-1) was 0.94 (0.90-0.98). In women, intake of cereal fiber per 2 g day(-1) was also associated with lower risk of colon cancer, 0.97 (0.93-1.00). No clear associations were seen for rectal cancer. Our data indicate a protective role of total and cereal fiber intake, particularly from cereal foods with high fiber content, in the prevention of colon cancer.
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| 59. |
- Hansen, Ninna Schiøler, et al.
(författare)
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Fetal hyperglycemia changes human preadipocyte function in adult life
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 102:4, s. 1141-1150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Offspring of women with gestational diabetes (O-GDM) or type 1 diabetes mellitus (O-T1DM) have been exposed to hyperglycemia in utero and have an increased risk of developing metabolic disease in adulthood. Design: In total, we recruited 206 adult offspring comprising the two fetal hyperglycemic groups, O-GDM and O-T1DM, and, as a control group, offspring from the background population (O-BP). Subcutaneous fat biopsies were obtained and preadipocyte cell cultures were established from adult male O-GDM (n = 18, age 30.1 ± 2.5 years), O-T1DM (n = 18, age 31.6 ± 2.2 years), and O-BP (n = 16; age, 31.5 ± 2.7 years) and cultured in vitro. Main Outcome Measures: First, we studied in vivo adipocyte histology. Second, we studied in vitro preadipocyte leptin secretion, gene expression, and LEP DNA methylation. This was studied in combination with in vitro preadipocyte lipogenesis, lipolysis, and mitochondrial respiration. Results: We show that subcutaneous adipocytes from O-GDM are enlarged compared with O-BP adipocytes. Preadipocytes isolated from male O-GDM and O-T1DM and cultured in vitro displayed decreased LEP promoter methylation, increased leptin gene expression, and elevated leptin secretion throughout differentiation, compared with adipocytes established from male O-BP. In addition, the preadipocytes demonstrated functional defects including decreased maximal mitochondrial capacity with increased lipolysis and decreased ability to store fatty acids when challenged with 3 days of extra fatty acid supply. Conclusions: Taken together, these findings show that intrinsic epigenetic and functional changes exist in preadipocyte cultures from individuals exposed to fetal hyperglycemia who are at increased risk of developing metabolic disease.
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| 60. |
- Hansen, Violeta, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Naturally occurring radionuclides assessment in the Arctic
- 2023
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Ingår i: The XIX conference of the Nordic Society for Radiation Protection, held at Malmö Live, Malmö, Sweden, June 5-9, 2023. - https://nsfs.org/?lang=en : The Nordic Society for Radiation Protection (NSFS).
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Naturally occurring radionuclides (NORs), primarily 210Po, accumulates in seafood, marine, and terrestrial mammals, which are an important part of the traditional Arctic diet. Arctic seafood plays an important role in the worldwide seafood industry. NORs were measured in glaciers from Svalbard, the Arctic Ocean, surface seawater and sediments from Norwegian marine areas, seabirds from Greenland, seafood and marine mammals from the Nordic region, Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Canada, terrestrial mammals from Greenland, and lake sediments in northernmost Finland. Outdoor 222Rn was measured in Finland, Canada, and Norway and atmospheric 210Pb, 212Pb, and 7Be were measured in Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland, and Canada. Deposited 210Pb and 7Be were measured in Sweden and Finland. Glaciers and marine sediment results show oil and gas, coal combustion, and ore mining as anthropogenic sources. NORs are long-range transported via atmospheric and oceanic currents in the Arctic. 210Pb has a long atmospheric residence time, especially in winter. 228Ra activities in the Transpolar Drift approximately doubled between 2007 and 2015, indicating that climate-driven changes may be increasing the release of shelf-derived elements to the open Arctic Ocean. Results showed no effect of climate change on 210Pb deposition in sediments in Lake Kevojarvi in northernmost Finland. 210Po is the major contributor to the annual effective dose via seafood and marine and terrestrial mammal consumption in the Arctic population, far exceeding dose contributions from 137Cs, 226Ra, 228Ra, and 210Pb. 210Po absorbed dose rates to studied biota are several orders of magnitude lower than the recommended dose rate screening value of 10 µGy h-1. NORs atmospheric results follow an annual cycle, which is mainly driven by seasonal weather and climate changes. Understanding the sources and associated doses from NORs is necessary to assess risks and public perception of risks, support science-based decision-making, and policy development engaging public and Indigenous peoples.
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