| 51. |
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| 52. |
- Hansson, Anders, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Biochar as multi-purpose sustainable technology : experiences from projects in Tanzania
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Environment, Development and Sustainability. - : Springer Nature. - 1387-585X .- 1573-2975. ; 23, s. 5182-5214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biochar was recently included as a promising negative emissions technology (NET) in theSpecial Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C published by the Intergovernmental Panelon Climate Change. Unlike other NETs, it can potentially be used to mitigate global climatechange while adding to local resilience in countries highly exposed and sensitive toimpacts of climate change, such as least-developed countries (LDCs). The study is as anempirical contribution to the, as of yet, underdeveloped literature on deployment of negativeemissions technologies in LDCs in general and on biochar use in developing countriesand LDCs specifically. Nine historical and existing biochar projects in Tanzania aremapped in order to analyse problems, goals and common trade-offs associated with smalltomedium-scale biochar production in LDCs. The mapping is based on a literature anddocument study, interviews with project actors, and on-site visits to biochar projects during2019. The paper gives support to the observation made in the biochar literature thatwhile biochar has many potential socio-economic and environmental benefits, combiningthem in one single project is difficult. It is concluded that implementing biochar projects inTanzania will likely involve trade-offs between the development and subsistence strategiesand needs of local communities, the motivational forces of different project participants,and the uneven regulatory capacity of the state. We end by reflecting on the use of biocharprojects to offset carbon emissions made elsewhere.
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| 53. |
- Hansson, Anders, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Boundary Work and Interpretations in the IPCC Review Process of the Role of Bioenergy With Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) in Limiting Global Warming to 1.5°C
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Climate. - Lausanne : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2624-9553. ; 3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Paris Agreement-compatible emissions pathways produced by integrated assessment models (IAMs) often rely on large amounts of carbon dioxide removals, especially afforestation and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS). These pathways feature prominently in the work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), to the extent that the IAMs have been granted an interpretative privilege at the interface between climate science, economics, and policymaking. The privilege extends to and influences climate governance, including governance of BECCS. This paper contributes to recent debates about the role of the IPCC, and its framing of BECCS, at the science-policy interface. By analyzing all BECCS-related expert review comments and author responses on the IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C, the paper shows that boundary work influences the representation of BECCS by authors referring to: (1) a limited scope or capacity; (2) a restrictive mandate; (3) what constitutes legitimate science, and; (4) relativizing uncertainties. The responses to the review comments indicate a significant degree of compliance on behalf of the authors. Yet, the revisions do not seem to go to the heart of the unease that runs through many of the reviewer comments, i.e., that BECCS seems to be presented as a viable CDR technology at grand scale. While several revisions serve to clarify uncertainties surrounding BECCS, some fundamental aspects of the critique are deflected, through the boundary work identified. What the analysis reveals, beyond a dissatisfaction among many reviewers with the focus on integrated assessment modeling, the associated pathway literature, and analysis of BECCS, is a disagreement about how model results should be interpreted and communicated. While acknowledging the herculean task of the IPCC and the efforts to improve the pathway literature that the SR1.5 triggered within the IAM communities, we argue that the identified boundary work also risks entrenching rather than problematize dominant framings of the feasibility of BECCS. Such entrenchment can counteract the ambition of opening up the scientific work of the IPCC to include more diversity in the process of drafting reports, and arguably also influence the governance of CDR.
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| 54. |
- Hansson, Anders, 1978-
(författare)
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Colonising the future : the case of CCS
- 2012. - 1
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Ingår i: The social dynamics of carbon capture and storage. - London & New York, USA : Routledge. - 9781849713153 ; , s. 74-90
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has rapidly emerged as a crucial technological option for decarbonising electricity supply and hence mitigating climate change. This book sheds light on this potentially vital technology and its future
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| 55. |
- Hansson, Anders, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Expert opinions on carbon dioxide capture and storage : a framing of uncertainties and possibilities
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4215 .- 1873-6777. ; 37:6, s. 2273-2282
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are many uncertainties and knowledge gaps regarding the development of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS)-e.g., when it comes to costs, life-cycle effects, storage capacity and permanence. In spite of these uncertainties and barriers, the CCS research community is generally very optimistic regarding CCS' development. The discrepancy between the uncertainties and the optimism is the point of departure in this study, which is based on interviews with 24 CCS experts. The aim is to analyse experts' framings of CCS with focus on two key aspects: (i) the function and potential of CCS and (ii) uncertainties. The optimism among the CCS experts is tentatively explained. The interpretative flexibility of CCS is claimed to be an essential explanation for the optimism. CCS is promoted from a wide variety of perspectives, e.g., solidarity and peace, bridge to a sustainable energy system, sustaining the modern lifestyle and compatibility with the fossil fuel lock-in. Awareness of the uncertainties and potential over-optimism is warranted within policy and decision making as they often rely on scientific forecasts and experts' judgements.
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| 56. |
- Hansson, Anders, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Has the grand idea of geoengineering as Plan B run out of steam?
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Anthropocene Review. - : Sage Publications. - 2053-0196 .- 2053-020X. ; 3:1, s. 64-74
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Paul Crutzen’s 2006 call for geoengineering research triggered public debate in the mass media of several countries. Since then, a common belief among numerous involved scientists has been that more geoengineering experimentation or research is needed and that geoengineering should be carefully considered in a precautionary way as an emergency option or ‘Plan B’. Despite the controversial potential of geoengineering in terms of mega-risks, ethical dilemmas and governance challenges, public geoengineering debate in the daily press from 2006 to 2013 was heavily dominated by accounts of scientists’ arguments for more geoengineering research or even deployment, only about 8% of mass media articles expressing criticism of geoengineering. However, based on a reading of 700 articles published worldwide in 2014 and 2015, we demonstrate a gradual shift in the coverage, and the daily press now primarily reports critical views of geoengineering technologies. The patterns outlined here point in the same direction: It seems as though the grand idea of geoengineering as Plan B is fading.
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| 57. |
- Hansson, Anders, 1978-
(författare)
-
Kolets återkomst : Koldioxidavskiljning och lagring i vetenskap och politik
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna avhandling studeras en ny teknik för att hantera växthuseffekten. Den nya tekniken heter koldioxidavskiljning och lagring (CCS) och granskades av FN:s klimatpanel 2005 och tillskrevs då möjligheterna att stå för 15-55% av alla CO2-reducering fram till 2100 och detta till en 30% lägre kostnad än vad som annars vore möjligt. EU är en framträdande pådrivare av CCS och för fram att växthuseffekten inte kan hanteras utan att CCS implementeras skyndsamt. CCS beskrivs i dessa sammanhang som en hållbar teknik. CCS är emellertid förbunden med långtidslagring, en betydande teknisk komplexitet och tillämpas främst på kolkraftverk. Storskaliga satsningar på CCS kan medföra att kolanvändningen ökar.Syftet med avhandlingen är att analysera de vetenskapliga och politiska ansträngningarna att visa att CCS är en eftersträvansvärd teknik för att hantera växthuseffekten. Utifrån perspektivet ekologisk modernisering och genom granskning av studier av vetenskapliga rapporter, artiklar i massmedia, politiska dokument och intervjuer genomförs studien. Scenerier och prognoser har en central funktion för att kunna påvisa att CCS är en eftersträvansvärd teknik. I flera av dessa scenarier framställs en närmast linjär teknikutveckling och flera betydelsefulla problem och hinder bortses från. CCS framstår som en teknik med stor teknisk och ekonomisk potential och i massmedia beskrivs CCS ofta som oumbärlig.En mer nyanserad bild framträder vid intervjuer med CCS-experter då fler osäkerheter och hinder lyfts fram. Förståelsen för varför denna teknik för stöd av många starka aktörer blir även tydligare. Den dominerande beskrivningen av CCS egenskaper och inverkan på energisystemen ligger i linje med det som är utmärkande för den ekologiska modernisering och således även för det dominerande sättet att bedriva energi- och klimatpolitik idag.
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| 58. |
- Hansson, Anders, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Lagring av koldioxid : lösning eller dimridå?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Osäkrat klimat - laddad utmaning. - Stockholm : Formas. - 9789154060368 ; , s. 343-357
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 59. |
- Hansson, Anders, 1978-
(författare)
-
Making the 1.5°C Aspirational Climate Target Tangible with Carbon Dioxide Removal and Boundary Work
- 2024. - 1
-
Ingår i: Climate, Science and Society. - New York : Routledge. - 9781783470594 - 9781032530161 ; , s. 268-275
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this chapter, I will argue that scientific climate mitigation scenarios and pathways help create visions of the future, and that scenarios of a certain centrality or political and scientific le-gitimacy end up influencing the kinds of future developments deemed to be desirable or achiev-able. The argument will be supported by an overview of relevant research and is illustrated by an empirical study I conducted a couple of years ago with colleagues at Linköping University (Hansson et al., 2021). I will illustrate and discuss the construction of visions in the context of the IPCC reports. Engaging STS concepts, I reveal aspects of how relevant science is estab-lished. A point of departure, which I share with many STS scholars, is that scientific knowledge is negotiated and influenced by social processes and often co-constructed with politics (van Beek et al., 2022; Schenuit, 2023). I want to stress that such a point of departure does not mean that the ambition is to discredit the scientific validity of the IPCC. On the contrary, it is unavoid-able that science is situated in a cultural and political context. The boundaries between what is and is not considered scientific knowledge are blurry. It must be negotiated, especially when the scientific object is complex, in our case future development of the global climate in interaction with global society. Those interactions are inherently characterized by deep uncertainties and unpredictable social dynamics. Nevertheless, scientific communities have been tasked with the herculean mission to compile and analyze current understandings of climate change. Further-more, they are called upon to convey structured and transparent scenarios or pathways on how various futures may unfold. The main tools for that are integrated assessment models (IAMs) (IPCC, 2018). Therefore, my ambition is that STS-informed analyses can help society to open up and also improve scientific efforts to understand the future.
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| 60. |
- Hansson, Anders, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Preconditions for bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) in sub-Saharan Africa : the case of Tanzania
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Environment, Development and Sustainability. - : Springer. - 1387-585X .- 1573-2975. ; 22, s. 6851-6875
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most mitigation scenarios compatible with a likely change of holding global warming well below 2 °C rely on negative emissions technologies (NETs). According to the integrated assessment models (IAMs) used to produce mitigation scenarios for the IPCC reports, the NET with the greatest potential to achieve negative emissions is bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS). Crucial questions arise about where the enormous quantities of biomass needed according to the IAM scenarios could feasibly be produced in a sustainable manner. Africa is attractive in the context of BECCS because of large areas that could contribute biomass energy and indications of substantial underground CO2 storage capacities. However, estimates of large biomass availability in Africa are usually based on highly aggregated datasets, and only a few studies explore future challenges or barriers for BECCS in any detail. Based on previous research and literature, this paper analyses the pre-conditions for BECCS in Tanzania by studying what we argue are the applications of BECCS, or the components of the BECCS chain, that are most feasible in the country, namely (1) as applied to domestic sugarcane-based energy production (bioethanol), and (2) with Tanzania in a producer and re-growth role in an international BECCS chain, supplying biomass or biofuels for export to developed countries. The review reveals that a prerequisite for both options is either the existence of a functional market for emissions trading and selling, making negative emissions a viable commercial investment, or sustained investment through aid programmes. Also, historically, an important barrier to the development of production capacity of liquid biofuels for export purposes has been given by ethical dilemmas following in the wake of demand for land to facilitate production of biomass, such as sugarcane and jatropha. In these cases, conflicts over access to land and mismanagement have been more of a rule than an exception. Increased production volumes of solid biomass for export to operations that demand bioenergy, be it with or without a CCS component, is likely to give rise to similar conflicts. While BECCS may well play an important role in reducing emissions in countries with high capacity to act combined with existing large point sources of biogenic CO2 emissions, it seems prudent to proceed with utmost caution when implicating BECCS deployment in least developed countries, like Tanzania.The paper argues that negative BECCS-related emissions from Tanzania should not be assumed in global climate mitigation scenarios.
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