| 51. |
- Hansson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Mannequin Properties Desired for Ergonomic Evaluation of Car Interiors
- 1998
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An example of a result from a long-term cooperation with Lund University (together with professor Roland Akselsson at the Department of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology) there some of the authors. (Engström) gained extensive grants (EU-financing and Wallenberg Stifelsen regarding equipment as well as other founding from e.g. the Swedish Work Environment Found). This publication has emanated from an EU-financed research project.
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| 52. |
- Hansson, Lars-Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Performance evaluation of a turbidimetric cystatin C assay on different high-throughput platforms
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7686 .- 0036-5513. ; 70:5, s. 347-353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. The goal with this study was to evaluate the analytical performance of a new cystatin C immunoassay (Tina-quant (R) a Cystatin C, Roche Diagnostics GmbH). The evaluation was carried out at four centers according to a standardized protocol. Material and methods. The Tina-quant (R) a Cystatin C is a latex particle-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay. Roche cobas (R) 6000, MODULAR ANALYTICS SWA and COBAS INTEGRA (R) instruments were included in the study. Method comparison studies were carried out against two turbidimetric methods (Dako Cystatin C, Gentian Cystatin C), and one nephelometric method (Siemens N-Latex Cystatin C). Results. Linearity was proven throughout the measuring range from 0.4 to 8 mg/L. Within-run CVs ranged from 0.7-2.8%, and total CVs from 1.4-4.7 % (concentration range 0.6-3.9 mg/L). Comparable results were obtained with paired serum and Li-heparinate plasma samples. Good agreement was achieved in the comparisons between the Tina-quant (R) a Cystatin C assay and the other commercially available cystatin C assays, two different turbidimetric methods (slope range 0.88-1.04, intercept < 0.17 mg/L, r >= 0.993) and one nephelometric assay (slope range 0.90-1.05, intercept < 0.21 mg/L, r >= 0.986). Conclusions. The Tina-quant (R) a Cystatin C assay was shown to be precise and accurate with proven linearity over the measuring range. Good comparability was obtained with other commercially available assays for the determination of cystatin C. The Tina-quant (R) a Cystatin C assay is very well suited for clinical use on routine clinical chemistry analysers to detect renal dysfunction with a 24 h availability.
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| 53. |
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| 54. |
- Hansson, Malin, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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CCL28 is increased in human Helicobacter pylori induced gastritis and mediates recruitment of gastric IgA-secreting cells.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Infection and Immunity. - 0019-9567. ; 76:7, s. 3304-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human Helicobacter pylori infection gives rise to an active chronic gastritis and is a major risk factor for the development of duodenal ulcer disease and gastric adenocarcinoma. The infection is accompanied by a large accumulation of immunoglobulin A (IgA)-secreting cells in the gastric mucosa, and following mucosal immunization only H. pylori-infected volunteers mounted a B-cell response in the gastric mucosa. To identify the signals for recruitment of gastric IgA-secreting cells, we investigated the gastric production of CCL28 (mucosa-associated epithelial chemokine) and CCL25 (thymus-expressed chemokine) in H. pylori-infected and uninfected individuals and the potential of gastric B-cell populations to migrate toward these chemokines. Gastric tissue from H. pylori-infected individuals contained significantly more CCL28 protein and mRNA than that from uninfected individuals, while CCL25 levels remained unchanged. Chemokine-induced migration of gastric lamina propria lymphocytes isolated from patients undergoing gastric resection was then assessed using the Transwell system. IgA-secreting cells and IgA+ memory B cells from H. pylori-infected tissues migrated toward CCL28 but not CCL25, while the corresponding cells from uninfected patients did not. Furthermore, IgG-secreting cells from H. pylori-infected patients did not migrate to CCL28 but instead to CXCL12 (SDF-1). However, chemokine receptor expression did not correlate to the migratory pattern of the different B-cell populations. These studies are the first to show increased CCL28 production during gastrointestinal infection in humans and provide an explanation for the large influx of IgA-secreting cells to the gastric mucosa in H. pylori-infected individuals.
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| 55. |
- Hargeby, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Shifts between clear and turbid states in a shallow lake: multi-causal stress from climate, nutrients and biotic interactions
- 2004
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Ingår i: Archiv für Hydrobiologie. - : Schweizerbart. - 0003-9136. ; 161:4, s. 433-454
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We used long-term monitoring data to assess causes behind a recent shift front a clear to a turbid water state in Lake Takern, Sweden. The lake has a previous record of shifts between clear-water and turbid states. but the causes behind these shifts are not well known. During the recent shift, which occurred in 1995-1997, Submerged vegetation Subsequently declined after a 30-year period of clear-water and abundant vegetation. Among the possible explanations we identify several processes unlikely to have contributed to the recent shift from clear to turbid conditions. including long-term changes in external input of phosphorus. fluctuations in water level. and changes in zooplankton grazing pressure. Instead, likely scenarios to have contributed to the macrophyte decline, and thereby to the shift were: (1) a series of mild winters with short ice cover and absence of winter-kills of fish, leading to high biomasses of benthivorous and planktivorous fish before the shift, and thereby increased bioturbation and internal nutrient recycling, (2) unusually cool and windy springs the years before and during, the shift, leading to unfavourable conditions during the establishing phase of submerged macrophytes. Both shorter periods of ice cover and high wind velocity in winter and spring were associated with climate. approximated by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). We argue that none of these processes alone can force the lake front the clear to the turbid state, but that several stress factors in concert are necessary to initiate a shift. Hence, we conclude that climate variability is likely to have contributed to a multi-causal stress. reducing the resilience of the clear-water state and finally triggering the Shift through inter-year dependent changes; in biomass of submerged macrophytes and fish, organism groups known to have key roles in the dynamics of shallow lakes.
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| 56. |
- Hergens, Maria-Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Use of Scandinavian Moist Smokeless Tobacco (Snus) and the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Epidemiology. - 1044-3983 .- 1531-5487. ; 25:6, s. 872-876
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Snus is a smokeless tobacco product, widely used among Swedish men and increasingly so elsewhere. There is debate as to whether snus is an acceptable "harm-reduction" tobacco product. Since snus use delivers a dose of nicotine equivalent to cigarettes, and has been implicated in cardiac arrhythmia because of associations with sudden cardiovascular death, a relation with atrial fibrillation is plausible and important to investigate.METHODS:: To assess the relation between use of snus and risk of atrial fibrillation, we carried out a pooled analysis of 7 prospective Swedish cohort studies. In total, 274,882 men, recruited between 1978 and 2004, were followed via the National Patient Register for atrial fibrillation. Primary analyses were restricted to 127,907 never-smokers. Relative risks were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression.RESULTS:: The prevalence of snus use was 25% among never-smokers. During follow-up, 3,069 cases of atrial fibrillation were identified. The pooled relative risk of atrial fibrillation was 1.07 (95% confidence interval = 0.97-1.19) in current snus users, compared with nonusers.CONCLUSION:: Findings from this large national pooling project indicate that snus use is unlikely to confer any important increase in risk of atrial fibrillation.
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| 57. |
- Hulthén, Kaj, et al.
(författare)
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A predation cost to bold fish in the wild
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies of predator-mediated selection on behaviour are critical for our understanding of the evolution and maintenance of behavioural diversity in natural populations. Consistent individual differences in prey behaviour, especially in the propensity to take risks (“boldness”), are widespread in the animal kingdom. Theory predicts that individual behavioural types differ in a cost-benefit trade-off where bolder individuals benefit from greater access to resources while paying higher predation-risk costs. However, explicitly linking predation events to individual behaviour under natural conditions is challenging and there is currently little data from the wild. We assayed individual behaviour and electronically tagged hundreds of fish (roach, Rutilus rutilus) before releasing them into their lake of origin, thereby exposing them to predation risk from avian apex predators (cormorants, Phalacrocorax carbo). Scanning for regurgitated tags at the cormorant roosting site provided data on individual predation events. We found that fish with higher boldness have a greater susceptibility to cormorant predation compared to relatively shy, risk-averse individuals. Our findings hereby provide unique and direct evidence of behavioural type-dependent predation vulnerability in the wild, i.e. that there is a predation cost to boldness, which is critical for our understanding of the evolution and maintenance of behavioural diversity in natural populations.
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| 58. |
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| 59. |
- Hulthén, Kaj, et al.
(författare)
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Timing and synchrony of migration in a freshwater fish : Consequences for survival
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Animal Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0021-8790 .- 1365-2656. ; 91:10, s. 2103-2112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Animal migration is one of the most spectacular and visible behavioural phenomena in nature with profound implications for a range of ecological and evolutionary processes. Successful migration hinges on the ability to exploit temporary resources (e.g. food) and evade threats (e.g. predators) as they arise, and thus the timing of migration is often regarded as a dominant predictor of individual migratory success. However, with the exception of intensively studied taxa (mainly birds), relatively few studies have investigated inter-individual annual and seasonal variation in migratory timing and performance, or tested predictions on how migration across high and low predation-risk habitats may exert selection on migratory timing. In particular, studies that assess the survival consequences of variation in migratory timing remain rare, which is most likely due to the logistical challenges associated with monitoring survival success and population-level characteristics simultaneously. Here, we address the above-mentioned questions using roach Rutilus rutilus, a fish that migrates from lakes characterised by high predation risk into low-risk streams during winter. Specifically, we used individual-based tracking of roach in two European lake systems over multiple migration periods (9 and 7 years respectively), to obtain highly detailed (year-round scheduling, repeat journeys and the fate of individuals) data on the variability/synchrony of migratory timing in spring and autumn respectively. We report seasonal differences in the variability of migratory timing, with lower variance and higher migration synchrony in spring lake arrival timing as compared to autumn lake departure timing. Furthermore, the timing of autumn migration is more variable across years than the timing of spring migration. Second, we find that later arrival to the lake habitat is positively associated with apparent survival from 1 year to the next, whereas we found no effect of lake departure timing on survival probability. These findings represent rare evidence showing how intraspecific variation in timing in migratory fish differs across years and seasons, and how variation in timing can translate into survival consequences for prey in systems characterised by high predation risk.
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| 60. |
- Hylander, Samuel, et al.
(författare)
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Climate-induced input of turbid glacial meltwater affects vertical distribution and community composition of phyto- and zooplankton
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Plankton Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0142-7873 .- 1464-3774. ; 33:8, s. 1239-1248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Receding glaciers are among the most obvious changes caused by global warming, and glacial meltwater entering lakes generally forms plumes of particles. By taking vertical samples along a horizontal gradient from such a particle source, we found that photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) attenuated 20-25% faster close to the inflow of suspended particles compared with the more transparent part of the gradient. All sampled stations had a deep chlorophyll a (Chl a) maximum at 15-20 m which was more distinct in the transparent part of the horizontal gradient. Picocyanobacteria increased in abundance in more transparent water and their numbers were tightly correlated with the intensity of the deep Chl a maxima. Motile species of phytoplankton had a deeper depth distribution in transparent versus less transparent water. Yet other species, like Chrysochromulina parva, that can withstand high PAR intensities and low nutrient concentrations, increased in abundance as the water became more transparent. Also copepods increased in abundance, indicating that they are more successful in transparent water. We conclude that sediment input into lakes creates horizontal gradients in PAR and UVR attenuation which strongly affect both distribution and behavior of phyto-and zooplankton. The input of glacial flour creates a sub-habitat that can function as a refuge for species that are sensitive to high PAR and UVR exposure. When the glacier has vanished, this habitat may disappear. During the melting period, with heavy sediment input, we predict that competitive species in transparent waters, like Chrysocromulina, picocyanobacteria and copepods, will become less common. The deep Chl a maxima is also likely to become less developed. Hence, glacier melting will probably have profound effects on both species composition and behavior of several planktonic taxa with potential effects on the food web.
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