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Sökning: WFRF:(Harland M)

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31.
  • Head, M. J., et al. (författare)
  • A history of the International Conferences on Modern and Fossil Dinoflagellates, 1978-2011
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Biological and Geological Perspectives of Dinoflagellates. - London : The Micropalaeontological Society, Geological Society. ; , s. 1-21
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Abstract: The international conferences on modern and fossil dinoflagellates, held every 3–5 years, are an essential forum for all researchers of dinoflagellates. They bring together all aspects of this important group of protists, whether living or preserved as fossils. Dinoflagellates are an important component of the plankton, both as autotrophs and heterotrophs, but also include representatives that inhabit the cells of other organisms (including other dinoflagellates) as endosymbionts or parasites. The conferences were initiated in 1978 as a Penrose Conference of the Geological Society of America and have continued ever since. The latest conference, Dino 9, continues the tradition of bringing phycologists working as biologists, geneticists, ecologists and public health scientists together with palynologists working within the disciplines of earth science, geography and biology. The paramount impact of this series of conferences is the interdisciplinary cross-fertilization of ideas between these two otherwise disparate groups, and the spreading of their acquired specialist knowledge from one to the other. This series of conferences is set to extend into the future and to continue its important role of integrating and furthering the study of dinoflagellates and their cysts.
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35.
  • Wilson, Sara I, et al. (författare)
  • An early requirement for FGF signalling in the acquisition of neural cell fate in the chick embryo.
  • 2000
  • Ingår i: Current Biology. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 10:8, s. 421-9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: In Xenopus embryos, fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and secreted inhibitors of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-mediated signalling have been implicated in neural induction. The precise roles, if any, that these factors play in neural induction in amniotes remains to be established.RESULTS: To monitor the initial steps of neural induction in the chick embryo, we developed an in vitro assay of neural differentiation in epiblast cells. Using this assay, we found evidence that neural cell fate is specified in utero, before the generation of the primitive streak or Hensen's node. Early epiblast cells expressed both Bmp4 and Bmp7, but the expression of both genes was downregulated as cells acquired neural fate. During prestreak and gastrula stages, exposure of epiblast cells to BMP4 activity in vitro was sufficient to block the acquisition of neural fate and to promote the generation of epidermal cells. Fgf3 was also found to be expressed in the early epiblast, and ongoing FGF signalling in epiblast cells was required for acquisition of neural fate and for the suppression of Bmp4 and Bmp7 expression.CONCLUSIONS: The onset of neural differentiation in the chick embryo occurs in utero, before the generation of Hensen's node. Fgf3, Bmp4 and Bmp7 are each expressed in prospective neural cells, and FGF signalling appears to be required for the repression of Bmp expression and for the acquisition of neural fate. Subsequent exposure of epiblast cells to BMPs, however, can prevent the generation of neural tissue and induce cells of epidermal character.
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