| 101. |
- Sverke, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Job insecurity and absenteeism: Cross-lagged analysis.
- 2006
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Ingår i: The 7th Conference of the European Academy of Occupational Health Psychology.
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Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Organizations in most industrialized countries have engaged in various adaptive strategies in order to remain competitive in a gradually more unpredictable environment. Restructurings, privatizations, mergers and acquisitions have become more frequent, and typically involve personnel reductions through layoffs, offers of early retirement, and increased utilization of subcontracted workers. Although these reorganizations differ in many ways, they usually have at least one thing in common – they lead to the workforce being permeated with worries regarding the future. Job insecurity can be defined as a perceptual phenomenon, reflecting the fear of involuntary job loss. In the literature, job insecurity is often considered a classical work stressor, and it has been linked to several negative outcomes. A growing number of studies have documented that job insecurity is related to job dissatisfaction, impaired organizational commitment, increased turnover intention, and physical as well as mental health complaints. There are also indications that the worry of job loss may be related to factors such as impaired compliance with safety procedures, ischemic heart disease occurrence, and absenteeism. However, whereas previous research has concluded that job insecurity has psychological, behavioral as well as health-related consequences, there is insufficient evidence to draw any causal inferences. The aim of the present study is to shed light on the issue of causality in the relationship between job insecurity and a potential outcome that has attracted comparatively limited research attention – absenteeism. Drawing upon the literature on work stress, it is reasonable to suggest that job insecurity may lead to increased absenteeism from work. Equally plausible, however, would be to assume that individuals with high absenteeism records would feel more at risk in organizations where there is a threat of layoffs. The study also aims at ruling out the yet alternative hypothesis that both job insecurity and absenteeism are caused by third variables, by controlling for factors such as seniority and well-being. Longitudinal data for this study are currently being collected using mail questionnaires among white-collar workers in a Swedish organization. The second wave of data collection, conducted a year after Time 1, is currently being completed. Preliminary analyses based on cross-sectional Time data indicate a positive association between job insecurity and absenteeism. The longitudinal design will make it possible to test various alternative models of causality. Latent variable cross-lagged analysis will contribute to the understanding of the development and consequences of job insecurity by shedding light on the issue of absenteeism in this process.
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| 102. |
- Sweeney, Yann, et al.
(författare)
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A Diffusive Homeostatic Signal Maintains Neural Heterogeneity and Responsiveness in Cortical Networks
- 2015
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Ingår i: PloS Computational Biology. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-734X .- 1553-7358. ; 11:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gaseous neurotransmitters such as nitric oxide (NO) provide a unique and often overlooked mechanism for neurons to communicate through diffusion within a network, independent of synaptic connectivity. NO provides homeostatic control of intrinsic excitability. Here we conduct a theoretical investigation of the distinguishing roles of NO-mediated diffusive homeo-stasis in comparison with canonical non-diffusive homeostasis in cortical networks. We find that both forms of homeostasis provide a robust mechanism for maintaining stable activity following perturbations. However, the resulting networks differ, with diffusive homeostasis maintaining substantial heterogeneity in activity levels of individual neurons, a feature disrupted in networks with non-diffusive homeostasis. This results in networks capable of representing input heterogeneity, and linearly responding over a broader range of inputs than those undergoing non-diffusive homeostasis. We further show that these properties are preserved when homeostatic and Hebbian plasticity are combined. These results suggest a mechanism for dynamically maintaining neural heterogeneity, and expose computational advantages of non-local homeostatic processes.
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| 103. |
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| 104. |
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| 105. |
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| 106. |
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| 107. |
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| 108. |
- Wikström, M, et al.
(författare)
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The action of 5-HT on calcium-dependent potassium channels and on the spinal locomotor network in lamprey is mediated by 5-HT1A-like receptors.
- 1995
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Ingår i: Brain Research. - 0006-8993 .- 1872-6240. ; 678, s. 191-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 5-HT has a powerful modulatory action on the firing properties of single neurons as well as on locomotor activity. In lamprey, 5-HT increases the neuronal firing frequency in spinal neurons by reducing the conductance in Ca(2+)-dependent K+ channels (KCa) underlying the slow afterhyperpolarization (sAHP), and it also lowers the burst frequency of the spinal locomotor network. To elucidate which type of 5-HT receptor mediates these effects, different specific receptor agonists and antagonists were applied during intracellular current clamp recordings and during NMDA-induced fictive locomotion in the lamprey spinal cord in vitro preparation. The 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT ((+/-)-8-hydroxy-dipropylaminotetralin hydrobromide), the 5-HT1 receptor agonist 5-CT (5-carboxyamidotryptamine maleate) and the 5-HT2 receptor agonist alpha-CH3-5-HT (alpha-methylserotonin maleate) all reproduced the actions of 5-HT at both the cellular and the network levels. The effects of all agonists were completely or partially blocked by the 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 receptor antagonist spiperone (spiroperidol hydrochloride) while selective 5-HT2 receptor antagonists were ineffective. The selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist S(-)-UH301 (S(-)-5-fluoro-8-hydroxy-dipropylaminotetralin hydrochloride) also counteracted the effect of 5-HT on the sAHP. 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptor agonists and antagonists were without effects. The intracellular coupling mechanism was not sensitive to pertussis toxin nor to the cAMP dependent protein kinase blocker (Rp)-cAMPS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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| 109. |
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| 110. |
- Yang, K. H., et al.
(författare)
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The role of protein kinase C in the biochemical pathways of classical conditioning
- 2001
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Ingår i: Neurocomputing. - 0925-2312 .- 1872-8286. ; 38, s. 79-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evidence suggests that protein kinase C (PKC) is required for long term memory storage such as classical conditioning. Stimulation of parallel fibers (PF) and climbing fibers (CF) of the cerebellum leads to production of the second messengers diacylglycerol, arachidonic acid, and calcium which are activators of PKC. A model is developed that describes the cascade of biochemical reactions in response to PF and CF stimulation and leading to PKC activation. Model simulations are used to evaluate the temporal specificity of PKC activation and the sensitivity of PKC activation to the interstimulus interval (ISI) of classical conditioning. Simulations at different ISI show that if PF stimulation precedes CF stimulation, PKC activation is elevated.
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