| 81. |
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| 82. |
- Schepens, Marloes A. A., et al.
(författare)
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Supplemental calcium attenuates the colitis-related increase in diarrhea, intestinal permeability, and extracellular matrix breakdown in HLA-B27 transgenic rats
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3166 .- 1541-6100. ; 139:8, s. 1525-1533
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have shown in several controlled rat and human infection studies that dietary calcium improves intestinal resistance and strengthens the mucosal barrier. Reinforcement of gut barrier function may alleviate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, we investigated the effect of supplemental calcium on spontaneous colitis development in an experimental rat model of IBD. HLA-B27 transgenic rats were fed a purified high-fat diet containing either a low or high calcium concentration (30 and 120 mmol CaHPO4/kg diet, respectively) for almost 7 wk. Inert chromium EDTA (CrEDTA) was added to the diets to quantify intestinal permeability by measuring urinary CrEDTA excretion. Relative fecal wet weight was determined to quantify diarrhea. Colonic inflammation was determined histologically and by measuring mucosal interleukin (IL)-1beta. In addition, colonic mucosal gene expression of individual rats was analyzed using whole-genome microarrays. The calcium diet significantly inhibited the increase in intestinal permeability and diarrhea with time in HLA-B27 rats developing colitis compared with the control transgenic rats. Mucosal IL-1beta levels were lower in calcium-fed rats and histological colitis scores tended to be lower (P = 0.08). Supplemental calcium prevented the colitis-induced increase in the expression of extracellular matrix remodeling genes (e.g. matrix metalloproteinases, procollagens, and fibronectin), which was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR and gelatin zymography. In conclusion, dietary calcium ameliorates several important aspects of colitis severity in HLA-B27 transgenic rats. Reduction of mucosal irritation by luminal components might be part of the mechanism. These results show promise for supplemental calcium as effective adjunct therapy for IBD.
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| 83. |
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| 84. |
- Vuoksimaa, E., et al.
(författare)
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Higher aggression is related to poorer academic performance in compulsory education
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. - : Wiley. - 0021-9630 .- 1469-7610. ; 62:3, s. 327-338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background To conduct a comprehensive assessment of the association between aggression and academic performance in compulsory education. Method We studied aggression and academic performance in over 27,000 individuals from four European twin cohorts participating in the ACTION consortium (Aggression in Children: Unraveling gene-environment interplay to inform Treatment and InterventiON strategies). Individual level data on aggression at ages 7-16 were assessed by three instruments (Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment, Multidimensional Peer Nomination Inventory, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) including parental, teacher and self-reports. Academic performance was measured with teacher-rated grade point averages (ages 12-14) or standardized test scores (ages 12-16). Random effect meta-analytical correlations with academic performance were estimated for parental ratings (in all four cohorts) and self-ratings (in three cohorts). Results All between-family analyses indicated significant negative aggression-academic performance associations with correlations ranging from -.06 to -.33. Results were similar across different ages, instruments and raters and either with teacher-rated grade point averages or standardized test scores as measures of academic performance. Meta-analytical r's were -.20 and -.23 for parental and self-ratings, respectively. In within-family analyses of all twin pairs, the negative aggression-academic performance associations were statistically significant in 14 out of 17 analyses (r = -.17 for parental- and r = -.16 for self-ratings). Separate analyses in monozygotic (r = -.07 for parental and self-ratings), same-sex dizygotic (r's = -.16 and -.17 for parental and self-ratings) and opposite-sex dizygotic (r's = -.21 and -.19 for parental and self-ratings) twin pairs suggested partial confounding by genetic effects. Conclusions There is a robust negative association between aggression and academic performance in compulsory education. Part of these associations were explained by shared genetic effects, but some evidence of a negative association between aggression and academic performance remained even in within-family analyses of monozygotic twin pairs.
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| 85. |
- Asplund, Teo, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptive Mathematical Morphology on Irregularly Sampled Signals in Two Dimensions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Mathematical Morphology : Theory and Applications. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 2353-3390. ; 4:1, s. 108-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes a way of better approximating continuous, two-dimensional morphologyin the discrete domain, by allowing for irregularly sampled input and output signals. We generalizeprevious work to allow for a greater variety of structuring elements, both flat and non-flat. Experimentallywe show improved results over regular, discrete morphology with respect to the approximation ofcontinuous morphology. It is also worth noting that the number of output samples can often be reducedwithout sacrificing the quality of the approximation, since the morphological operators usually generateoutput signals with many plateaus, which, intuitively do not need a large number of samples to be correctlyrepresented. Finally, the paper presents some results showing adaptive morphology on irregularlysampled signals.
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| 86. |
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| 87. |
- Asplund, Teo
(författare)
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Precise Image-Based Measurements through Irregular Sampling
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mathematical morphology is a theory that is applicable broadly in signal processing, but in this thesis we focus mainly on image data. Fundamental concepts of morphology include the structuring element and the four operators: dilation, erosion, closing, and opening. One way of thinking about the role of the structuring element is as a probe, which traverses the signal (e.g. the image) systematically and inspects how well it "fits" in a certain sense that depends on the operator.Although morphology is defined in the discrete as well as in the continuous domain, often only the discrete case is considered in practice. However, commonly digital images are a representation of continuous reality and thus it is of interest to maintain a correspondence between mathematical morphology operating in the discrete and in the continuous domain. Therefore, much of this thesis investigates how to better approximate continuous morphology in the discrete domain. We present a number of issues relating to this goal when applying morphology in the regular, discrete case, and show that allowing for irregularly sampled signals can improve this approximation, since moving to irregularly sampled signals frees us from constraints (namely those imposed by the sampling lattice) that harm the correspondence in the regular case. The thesis develops a framework for applying morphology in the irregular case, using a wide range of structuring elements, including non-flat structuring elements (or structuring functions) and adaptive morphology. This proposed framework is then shown to better approximate continuous morphology than its regular, discrete counterpart.Additionally, the thesis contains work dealing with regularly sampled images using regular, discrete morphology and weighting to improve results. However, these cases can be interpreted as specific instances of irregularly sampled signals, thus naturally connecting them to the overarching theme of irregular sampling, precise measurements, and mathematical morphology.
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| 88. |
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| 89. |
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