| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Chiang, Chern-En, et al.
(författare)
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Suboptimal Control of Lipid Levels : Results from 29 Countries Participating in the Centralized Pan-Regional Surveys on the Undertreatment of Hypercholesterolaemia (CEPHEUS)
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis. - : Japan Atherosclerosis Society. - 1880-3873 .- 1340-3478. ; 23:5, s. 567-587
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Five multicentre, cross-sectional Centralized Pan-Regional Surveys on the Undertreatment of Hypercholesterolaemia (CEPHEUS) were conducted in 29 countries across Asia, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. The surveys assessed the current use and efficacy of lipid-lowering drugs (LLDs) worldwide and identified possible patient and physician characteristics associated with failure to attain low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goals. The aim of this analysis was to consolidate the global results from these surveys. Methods: The surveys involved patients aged >= 18 years who had been prescribed LLDs for at least 3 months without dose changes for at least 6 weeks. A single visit was scheduled for data collection, including fasting plasma lipid and glucose levels. Cardiovascular risk profile and LDL-C goal attainment were assessed according to the 2004 updated US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Results: In total, 35 121 patients (mean age: 60.4 years) were included, and 90.3% had been prescribed statin monotherapy. Overall, only 49.4% of patients reached their recommended LDL-C level. LDL-C goals were attained in 54.8% (5084/9273) and 22.8% (3287/14 429) of patients were at high and very high cardiovascular risk, respectively. Factors associated with an increased likelihood of LDL-C goal attainment were lower baseline cardiovascular risk; presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or history of cardiovascular disease; and treatment with simvastatin, atorvastatin, or rosuvastatin (vs. all other LLDs). Conclusion: LDL-C goal attainment in patients taking LLDs is suboptimal worldwide, particularly in patients at high and very high cardiovascular risk.
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| 34. |
- Erlandsson, Lena-Karin, 1963-
(författare)
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101 Women's patterns of daily occupations : Characteristics and realtionships to health and well-being
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis investigated the concept of balance in daily occupations. The overarching aim was to explore women’s patterns of everyday occupations and to investigate relationships between different aspects of patterns of daily occupations and health and well-being. The participants were working, cohabitant women with pre-school children. The methods used focused on exploring patterns of daily occupations and assessing sociodemographic aspects, self-rated health, and well-being. The results imply methodological development for documenting patterns of daily occupations, measuring occupation-related experiences associated with daily occupations, and categorising patterns of daily occupations according to complexity. This thesis identified the building blocks of patterns of daily occupations as main, hidden and unexpected occupations. Women’s hassling experiences associated with daily occupations were generated mainly by the social environment and their uplifting experiences resulted primarily from performing occupations. Moreover, typical patterns of daily occupations with respect to complexity were identified, and relationships of complexity in patterns of daily occupations to health and well-being were investigated. The result indicated that more hassles in combination with low control and high complexity in pattern of daily occupations mean an increased risk of experiencing low health and well-being. The findings contribute to the knowledge base of occupational science by further illuminating the concept of pattern of daily occupations: its constituents and its complexity. The results contribute to research on women’s total workload in relation to a sense of well-being and give implications for occupational therapy intervention for people who have taken ill due to imbalance in their pattern of daily occupations.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Flodgren, G, et al.
(författare)
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Bone mineral density in flatwater sprint kayakers.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Calcified Tissue International. - 0171-967X .- 1432-0827. ; 64:5, s. 374-379
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To elucidate the possible skeletal benefits of the muscular contractions and the nonweight-bearing loading pattern associated with kayaking, we investigated the bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2) of 10 elite kayakers, six males and four females, with a median age of 19 years. Each subject was compared with the mean value of two matched controls. BMD of the total body, head, ribs, humerus, legs, proximal femur (neck, wards, trochanter), spine, lumbar spine, and bone mineral content (BMC, g), of the arms was obtained using a dual energy X-ray absorptiometer (DXA). Body composition was also assessed. The kayakers had a significantly (P < 0.05-0.01) greater BMD in most upper body sites: left and right humerus (10.4% and 11. 7%), respectively, ribs (6.4%), spine (10.9%), and a greater BMC of the left and right arm (15.7% and 10.6%, respectively). No significant differences in the BMD of the total body, head, or any of the lower body sites were found, except for the pelvis, which was significantly greater in kayakers (5.1%). The controls had a significantly lesser lean body mass (10.4%) and greater percentage of body fat (19.5%) than the kayakers. Bivariate correlation analysis in the controls demonstrated significant and strong relationships between BMD in upper body sites and lean body mass, weight, and fat; the effects of training seem to outweigh most such relationships in kayakers. In conclusion, it seems that the loading pattern and muscular contractions associated with kayaking may result in site-specific adaptations of the skeleton.
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| 38. |
- Folkesson, Mattias, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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The expression of heat shock protein in human skeletal muscle : effects of muscle fibre phenotype and training background
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1748-1708 .- 1748-1716. ; 209:1, s. 26-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Exercise-induced adaptations of skeletal muscle are related to training mode and can be muscle fibre type specific. This study aimed to investigate heat shock protein expression in type I and type II muscle fibres in resting skeletal muscle of subjects with different training backgrounds.Methods: Three groups of subjects were included: healthy active not engaged in any training programme (ACT, n = 12), resistance trained (RES, n = 6) and endurance trained (END, n = 8). Biopsies were obtained from vastus lateralis, and immunohistochemistry was performed using monoclonal antibodies against myosin heavy chain I and IIA, αB-crystallin, HSP27, HSP60 and HSP70.Results: In ACT and RES, but not in END, a fibre type–specific expression with higher staining intensity in type I than type II fibres was seen for αB-crystallin. The opposite (II > I) was found for HSP27 in subjects from ACT (6 of 12 subjects) and RES (3 of 6), whereas all subjects from END displayed uniform staining. HSP60 showed no fibre-specific expression. HSP70 displayed a fibre-specific expression pattern (I > II) in ACT (4 of 12), but not in END or RES.Conclusion: This study shows that the level of expression of the different HSPs in human skeletal muscle is influenced by muscle fibre phenotype. The fibre type–specific expression of HSP70 is influenced by resistance and endurance training, whereas those of αB-crystallin and HSP27 is influenced only by endurance training, suggesting the existence of a training-modality-specific action on the adaptive processes including heat shock proteins in human skeletal muscle.
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| 39. |
- Forsberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Landmark-Based Software for Anatomical Measurements : A Precision Study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y. Print). - : Wiley. - 0897-3806 .- 1098-2353. ; 22:4, s. 456-462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to develop a software program, called Landmarker, which would aid studies of complex anatomical morphometry by simplifying the manual identification of landmarks in 3D images. We also tested its precision on routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. To understand human biological variation, there is a need to identify morphological characteristics from the exterior and the interior of human anatomy. MRI, as opposed to other radiographic methods (mainly based on X-ray techniques), supplies good soft tissue contrast, which allows for more complex assessments than what bony landmarks can provide. Because automation of this assessment is highly demanding, one of the primary goals for the new software was to enable more rapid identification of landmark sets in 3D image data. Repeat acquisition of head MRIs having a resolution of 0.94 x 0.94 x 1.20 mm3 were performed on 10 volunteers. Intra- and interoperator, as well as interacquisition variations of manual identification of exterior, craniofacial interior, and brain landmarks were studied. The average distances between landmarks were <1.8 mm, <2.3 mm, and <2.0 mm in the intra- and interoperator, and interacquisition evaluations, respectively. This study presents new software for time efficient identification of complex craniofacial landmarks in 3D MRI. To the best of our knowledge, no evaluation of software for rapid landmark-based analysis of complex anatomies from 3D MR data has yet been presented. This software may also be useful for studies in other anatomical regions and for other types of image data.
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| 40. |
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