| 11. |
- Hoffmann, Alice, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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There’s a car coming? - Psychometric function for car pass-by in background noise based on simulated data
- 2015
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Ingår i: Euronoise 2015, 10th European Congress on Noise Control Engineering. - 2226-5147. ; , s. 2417-2421
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To detect an approaching car in background noise is an important aspect of traffic safety. Therefore itis essential to understand the determinants that makes people recognize an approaching car especiallywhen the cars become very quiet at low speeds as it is the case for electrical cars for instance. Moststudies on the detection of passenger cars in background noise are based on recorded signals. Thisrequires that suitable recordings are available both for the background sound as well as the test sound(i.e. the sound of the approaching vehicle). Due to the limited control of such situations the degreesof freedom to be varied in such experiments is limited as well. In the presented study a differentapproach has been employed. The utilized sounds are based on an auralization method that allowsfor simulating vehicle sounds including both tyre/road noise and propulsion noise. Single car eventscan thus be superposed to background sound with full control of all relevant parameters. The usedauralization method has in earlier studies been validated for giving good perceptual ratings comparedto recorded sounds. The method allows for evaluating the psychometric functions for single parametersand hopefully give a deeper understanding of the perceptual space for a car in background noise. Inthe present study the reaction time is measured for the detection of a car (test vehicle) passing byin the presence of background noise from a road with high traffic flow. The distance between the thepath of the test vehicle and the highly trafficked road is varied. All other parameters (i.e. car-type,road surface, speed, etc.) are kept constant. The study shows that there is a logarithmic relationbetween the response times and the distance between the the track of the test car and the road withhigh traffic volume. At the same time there is a linear relation between reaction time and signal tonoise ratio (i.e. the equivalent sound pressure level in relation to the background level).
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| 12. |
- Hoffmann, Ute A., et al.
(författare)
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The role of the 5' sensing function of ribonuclease E in cyanobacteria
- 2024
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Ingår i: RNA Biology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1547-6286 .- 1555-8584. ; 21:1, s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- RNA degradation is critical for synchronising gene expression with changing conditions in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. In bacteria, the preference of the central ribonucleases RNase E, RNase J and RNase Y for 5'-monophosphorylated RNAs is considered important for RNA degradation. For RNase E, the underlying mechanism is termed 5' sensing, contrasting to the alternative 'direct entry' mode, which is independent of monophosphorylated 5' ends. Cyanobacteria, such as Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (Synechocystis), encode RNase E and RNase J homologues. Here, we constructed a Synechocystis strain lacking the 5' sensing function of RNase E and mapped on a transcriptome-wide level 283 5'-sensing-dependent cleavage sites. These included so far unknown targets such as mRNAs encoding proteins related to energy metabolism and carbon fixation. The 5' sensing function of cyanobacterial RNase E is important for the maturation of rRNA and several tRNAs, including tRNAGluUUC. This tRNA activates glutamate for tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in plant chloroplasts and in most prokaryotes. Furthermore, we found that increased RNase activities lead to a higher copy number of the major Synechocystis plasmids pSYSA and pSYSM. These results provide a first step towards understanding the importance of the different target mechanisms of RNase E outside Escherichia coli.
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| 13. |
- Hou, Liping, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study of 40,000 individuals identifies two novel loci associated with bipolar disorder.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Human molecular genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2083 .- 0964-6906. ; 25:15, s. 3383-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bipolar disorder (BD) is a genetically complex mental illness characterized by severe oscillations of mood and behavior. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several risk loci that together account for a small portion of the heritability. To identify additional risk loci, we performed a two-stage meta-analysis of >9 million genetic variants in 9,784 bipolar disorder patients and 30,471 controls, the largest GWAS of BD to date. In this study, to increase power we used ∼2,000 lithium-treated cases with a long-term diagnosis of BD from the Consortium on Lithium Genetics, excess controls, and analytic methods optimized for markers on the X-chromosome. In addition to four known loci, results revealed genome-wide significant associations at two novel loci: an intergenic region on 9p21.3 (rs12553324, p=5.87×10(-9); odds ratio=1.12) and markers within ERBB2 (rs2517959, p=4.53×10(-9); odds ratio=1.13). No significant X-chromosome associations were detected and X-linked markers explained very little BD heritability. The results add to a growing list of common autosomal variants involved in BD and illustrate the power of comparing well-characterized cases to an excess of controls in GWAS.
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| 14. |
- Krüger, Nadine, et al.
(författare)
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The upper respiratory tract of felids is highly susceptible to sars‐cov‐2 infection
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 22:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Natural or experimental infection of domestic cats and virus transmission from humans to captive predatory cats suggest that felids are highly susceptible to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. However, it is unclear which cells and compartments of the respiratory tract are infected. To address this question, primary cell cultures derived from the nose, trachea, and lungs of cat and lion were inoculated with SARS‐CoV‐2. Strong viral replication was observed for nasal mucosa explants and tracheal air–liquid interface cultures, whereas replication in lung slices was less efficient. Infection was mainly restricted to epithelial cells and did not cause major pathological changes. Detection of high ACE2 levels in the nose and trachea but not lung further suggests that susceptibility of feline tissues to SARS‐CoV‐2 correlates with ACE2 expression. Collectively, this study demonstrates that SARS‐ CoV‐2 can efficiently replicate in the feline upper respiratory tract ex vivo and thus highlights the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 spillover from humans to felids.
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| 15. |
- Mohr, Wiebke, et al.
(författare)
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Key components of person-centered care for people with dementia : A systematic review of interventions to design a patient preference study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's & Dementia. - : Alzheimer's Association. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 17:S7, s. e052134-
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: To provide Person-Centered Care (PCC) for People with Dementia (PwD), patient's stated preferences must be known. Data about stated care-preferences among PwD are limited. This study aimed to identify key components of PCC for PwD by a systematic review of PCC-interventions, to inform the construction of a decision model for PwD-preference elicitation.METHOD: A protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021225084). A search of the concepts Dementia, Person-Centered Care, and Intervention was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science in Nov2020. Study selection was based on 2-stage screening against eligibility criteria, limited to randomized controlled trials (RCT) and nonrandomized controlled study (NRS) designs. Risk of bias was assessed with version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB2) and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for nonrandomized studies. Information about authors, interventions, and outcomes were extracted and entered into an "Effects Table". The identified PCC-interventions were thus synthesized into intervention categories to form key components of PCC.RESULT: Searches identified 1781 records. 19 studies (15 RCT, 4 NRS) were included after screening. The quality of the studies varied between low to moderate. The individual interventions covered a wide range of non-pharmacological, psychosocial offers, oftentimes bundled in multi-component intervention-sets. Nine intervention categories, i.e. key components of PCC to inform the construction of a decision model for PwD-preference elicitation, emerged from data synthesis: sensory enhancement/relaxation, social contact, cognitive training, validation and reminiscence, physical activities, environmental adjustments, caregiver training and support, care organization and daily living assistance. Effect measures included i.a. agitation, quality of life, antipsychotic use, depression, neuropsychiatric symptoms and behavior, with mixed results concerning the effect of the PCC interventions. All studies were conducted in nursery home or hospital settings.CONCLUSION: Nine intervention categories as key components of PCC to inform the construction of a decision model for PwD-preference elicitation could be identified. As the findings were limited to nursery home and hospital settings, community-dwelling PwD and the primary care-setting should find greater consideration for future investigations on PCC interventions and patient preference studies.
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| 16. |
- Mohr, Wiebke, et al.
(författare)
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Key Intervention Categories to Provide Person-Centered Dementia Care : A Systematic Review of Person-Centered Interventions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - : IOS Press. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 84:1, s. 343-366
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Person-centered care (PCC) is an important concept in many countries' national guidelines and dementia plans. Key intervention categories, i.e., a taxonomy of person-centered (PC)-interventions, to provide person-centered dementia care, are difficult to identify from literature.Objective: This systematic review aimed to identify and categorize published PC-interventions into key intervention categories to guide the provision of person-centered dementia care.Methods: Conduct of this systematic review followed Cochrane guidelines. A search of the dimensions 'Dementia', 'Person-Centered Care', and 'Intervention' combined was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Study selection was based on 2-stage screening against eligibility criteria, limited to controlled study designs. Information about interventions and outcomes was extracted into an 'Effects Table'. The identified PC-interventions were categorized in intervention categories to provide person-centered dementia care.Results: Searches identified 1,806 records. 19 studies were included. These covered a range of psychosocial interventions, oftentimes multi-component interventions, which followed heterogeneous approaches. Studies were conducted in long-term care/hospital settings. Nine key intervention categories were identified: social contact, physical activities, cognitive training, sensory enhancement, daily living assistance, life history oriented emotional support, training and support for professional caregivers, environmental adjustments, and care organization.Conclusion: Our findings provide a current overview of published PC-interventions in dementia, which followed heterogeneous approaches under the PCC-concept. The heterogeneity made it challenging to identify a well-defined concept of PCC and common key intervention categories. An effectiveness-evaluation of 'PC' - including 'relationship-centered'-interventions may be valuable, to assess whether an explicit focus on relationships around PCC-interventions yields an added benefit.PROSPERO-ID: CRD42021225084.
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| 17. |
- O'Seaghdha, Conall M., et al.
(författare)
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Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies Identifies Six New Loci for Serum Calcium Concentrations
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLOS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7390 .- 1553-7404. ; 9:9, s. e1003796-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Calcium is vital to the normal functioning of multiple organ systems and its serum concentration is tightly regulated. Apart from CASR, the genes associated with serum calcium are largely unknown. We conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of 39,400 individuals from 17 population-based cohorts and investigated the 14 most strongly associated loci in <= 21,679 additional individuals. Seven loci (six new regions) in association with serum calcium were identified and replicated. Rs1570669 near CYP24A1 (P = 9.1E-12), rs10491003 upstream of GATA3 (P = 4.8E-09) and rs7481584 in CARS (P = 1.2E-10) implicate regions involved in Mendelian calcemic disorders: Rs1550532 in DGKD (P = 8.2E-11), also associated with bone density, and rs7336933 near DGKH/KIAA0564 (P = 9.1E-10) are near genes that encode distinct isoforms of diacylglycerol kinase. Rs780094 is in GCKR. We characterized the expression of these genes in gut, kidney, and bone, and demonstrate modulation of gene expression in bone in response to dietary calcium in mice. Our results shed new light on the genetics of calcium homeostasis.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Satizabal, Claudia L., et al.
(författare)
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Genetic architecture of subcortical brain structures in 38,851 individuals
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 51:11, s. 1624-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Subcortical brain structures are integral to motion, consciousness, emotions and learning. We identified common genetic variation related to the volumes of the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, brainstem, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen and thalamus, using genome-wide association analyses in almost 40,000 individuals from CHARGE, ENIGMA and UK Biobank. We show that variability in subcortical volumes is heritable, and identify 48 significantly associated loci (40 novel at the time of analysis). Annotation of these loci by utilizing gene expression, methylation and neuropathological data identified 199 genes putatively implicated in neurodevelopment, synaptic signaling, axonal transport, apoptosis, inflammation/infection and susceptibility to neurological disorders. This set of genes is significantly enriched for Drosophila orthologs associated with neurodevelopmental phenotypes, suggesting evolutionarily conserved mechanisms. Our findings uncover novel biology and potential drug targets underlying brain development and disease.
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| 20. |
- Smith, Jennifer A, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature (London). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 533:7604, s. 539-542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Educational attainment is strongly influenced by social and other environmental factors, but genetic factors are estimated to account for at least 20% of the variation across individuals. Here we report the results of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for educational attainment that extends our earlier discovery sample of 101,069 individuals to 293,723 individuals, and a replication study in an independent sample of 111,349 individuals from the UK Biobank. We identify 74 genome-wide significant loci associated with the number of years of schooling completed. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with educational attainment are disproportionately found in genomic regions regulating gene expression in the fetal brain. Candidate genes are preferentially expressed in neural tissue, especially during the prenatal period, and enriched for biological pathways involved in neural development. Our findings demonstrate that, even for a behavioural phenotype that is mostly environmentally determined, a well-powered GWAS identifies replicable associated genetic variants that suggest biologically relevant pathways. Because educational attainment is measured in large numbers of individuals, it will continue to be useful as a proxy phenotype in efforts to characterize the genetic influences of related phenotypes, including cognition and neuropsychiatric diseases.
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