| 141. |
- Bonanni, L., et al.
(författare)
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The Open Sustainability Project : A Linked Data Approach to LCA
- 2010
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Ingår i: LCA X, Bridging Science, Policy, and the Public 2-4 November 2010, Portland, Oregon.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The proprietary nature of LCA tools and information limits widespread adoption of sustainability measures. We introduce the Open Sustainability Project(OSP), a Linked Data resource for broadening access to LCA in an effort to increase the transparency and accuracy of environmental impact assessments(2, 9).The OSP applies Free and Open Source Software(FOSS) principles and Linked Data structures to LCA standards and reporting so that communities including students, SME’s and the general public can participate in the assessment and verification of sustainability practices(1,6). The highly flexible data format allows disparate data sources and assessments to be compared along an open standard compliant with ISO 14048 reporting(5, 8, 12).In addition, the OSP makes available a free database of Life Cycle Assessment data using an approach based on Linked Data and RESTful interfaces which supports the development of rich third-party applications for specific user groups and industries(7). This novel combination of linked data and web-based tools is inherently transparent so that LCA practices can be standardized, compared and verified by a broad community.The OSP is an international collaboration between academics, government and industry groups leveraging expertise in LCA, Open Data and web-based tools for sustainability(10). Our first Open Source and Open Data web sustainability tools have confirmed the potential to engage a wider audience, with over two thousand registered users, three thousand environmental assessments performed and over 330,000 page views from more than 75 countries since September 2009(3, 4, 11). The OSP aims to expand reach of LCA through a free and open Application Programming Interface(API) to support distributed development of third-party applications for sustainability assessment through the emerging metrics for social and environmental sustainability(a free LCA "App Store"). These applications are intended to disseminate LCA standards, encourage transparency in environmental reporting and leverage Collective Intelligence in the collection, publication and verification of LCA.The OSP aims to transform LCA into a collaborative process where data collection, analysis, assessment and reporting benefit from the feedback and ideas of a growing worldwide LCA community.
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| 142. |
- Cereda, Maurizio, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative imaging of alveolar recruitment with hyperpolarized gas MRI during mechanical ventilation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 1522-1601 .- 8750-7587. ; 110:2, s. 499-511
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to assess the utility of He-3 MRI to noninvasively probe the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) maneuvers on alveolar recruitment and atelectasis buildup in mechanically ventilated animals. Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 13) were anesthetized, intubated, and ventilated in the supine position (He-4-to-O-2 ratio: 4:1; tidal volume: 10 ml/kg, 60 breaths/min, and inspiration-to-expiration ratio: 1:2). Recruitment maneuvers consisted of either a stepwise increase of PEEP to 9 cmH(2)O and back to zero end-expiratory pressure or alternating between these two PEEP levels. Diffusion MRI was performed to image He-3 apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps in the middle coronal slices of lungs (n = 10). ADC was measured immediately before and after two recruitment maneuvers, which were separated from each other with a wait period (8-44 min). We detected a statistically significant decrease in mean ADC after each recruitment maneuver. The relative ADC change was -21.2 +/- 4.1 % after the first maneuver and -9.7 +/- 5.8 % after the second maneuver. A significant relative increase in mean ADC was observed over the wait period between the two recruitment maneuvers. The extent of this ADC buildup was time dependent, as it was significantly related to the duration of the wait period. The two postrecruitment ADC measurements were similar, suggesting that the lungs returned to the same state after the recruitment maneuvers were applied. No significant intrasubject differences in ADC were observed between the corresponding PEEP levels in two rats that underwent three repeat maneuvers. Airway pressure tracings were recorded in separate rats undergoing one PEEP maneuver (n = 3) and showed a significant relative difference in peak inspiratory pressure between pre- and poststates. These observations support the hypothesis of redistribution of alveolar gas due to recruitment of collapsed alveoli in presence of atelectasis, which was also supported by the decrease in peak inspiratory pressure after recruitment maneuvers.
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| 143. |
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| 144. |
- Guan, Nan, et al.
(författare)
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Disruption of mitochondrial complex III in cap mesenchyme but not in ureteric progenitors results in defective nephrogenesis associated with amino acid deficiency
- 2022
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Ingår i: Kidney International. - : Elsevier. - 0085-2538 .- 1523-1755. ; 102:1, s. 108-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxidative metabolism in mitochondria regulates cellular differentiation and gene expression through intermediary metabolites and reactive oxygen species. Its role in kidney development and pathogenesis is not completely understood. Here we inactivated ubiquinone-binding protein QPC, a subunit of mitochondrial complex III, in two types of kidney progenitor cells to investigate the role of mitochondrial electron transport in kidney homeostasis. Inactivation of QPC in sine oculis-related homeobox 2 (SIX2)-expressing cap mesenchyme progenitors, which give rise to podocytes and all nephron segments except collecting ducts, resulted in perinatal death from severe kidney dysplasia. This was characterized by decreased proliferation of SIX2 progenitors and their failure to differentiate into kidney epithelium. QPC inactivation in cap mesenchyme progenitors induced activating transcription factor 4-mediated nutritional stress responses and was associated with a reduction in kidney tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites and amino acid levels, which negatively impacted purine and pyrimidine synthesis. In contrast, QPC inactivation in ureteric tree epithelial cells, which give rise to the kidney collecting system, did not inhibit ureteric differentiation, and resulted in the development of functional kidneys that were smaller in size. Thus, our data demonstrate that mitochondrial oxidative metabolism is critical for the formation of cap mesenchyme-derived nephron segments but dispensable for formation of the kidney collecting system. Hence, our studies reveal compartment-specific needs for metabolic reprogramming during kidney development.
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| 145. |
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| 146. |
- Hashimoto, Takuya, et al.
(författare)
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Big Three Dragons: Molecular Gas in a Bright Lyman-break Galaxy at z = 7.15
- 2023
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 1538-4357 .- 0004-637X. ; 952:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Band 3 observations of CO(6−5), CO(7−6), and [C i](2−1) in B14-65666 (“Big Three Dragons”), one of the brightest Lyman-break galaxies at z > 7 in the rest-frame ultraviolet continuum, far-infrared continuum, and emission lines of [O iii] 88 μm and [C ii] 158 μm. CO(6−5), CO(7−6), and [C i](2−1), whose 3σ upper limits on the luminosities are approximately 40 times fainter than the [C ii] luminosity, are all not detected. The L [C II]/L CO(6-5) and L [C II]/L CO(7-6) ratios are higher than the typical ratios obtained in dusty star-forming galaxies or quasar host galaxies at similar redshifts, and they may suggest a lower gas density in the photodissociated region in B14-65666. By using the (1) [C ii] luminosity, (2) dust mass-to-gas mass ratio, and (3) a dynamical mass estimate, we find that the molecular gas mass (M mol) is (0.05-11) × 1010 M ⊙. This value is consistent with the upper limit inferred from the nondetection of mid-J CO and [C i](2−1). Despite the large uncertainty in M mol, we estimate a molecular gas-to-stellar mass ratio (μ gas) of 0.65-140 and a gas depletion time (τ dep) of 2.5-550 Myr; these values are broadly consistent with those of other high-redshift galaxies. B14-65666 could be an ancestor of a passive galaxy at z ≳ 4 if no gas is fueled from outside the galaxy.
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| 147. |
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| 148. |
- Konishi, Mihoko, et al.
(författare)
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A substellar companion to Pleiades HII 3441
- 2016
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Ingår i: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0004-6264 .- 2053-051X. ; 68:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We find a new substellar companion to the Pleiades member star, Pleiades HII 3441, using the Subaru telescope with adaptive optics. The discovery is made as part of the high-contrast imaging survey to search for planetary-mass and substellar companions in the Pleiades and young moving groups. The companion has a projected separation of 0.'' 49 +/- 0.'' 02 (66 +/- 2 au) and a mass of 68 +/- 5 M-J based on three observations in the J-, H-, and K-s-bands. The spectral type is estimated to be M7 (similar to 2700 K), and thus no methane absorption is detected in the H band. Our Pleiades observations result in the detection of two substellar companions including one previously reported among 20 observed Pleiades stars, and indicate that the fraction of substellar companions in the Pleiades is about 10.0(-8.8)(+26.1)%. This is consistent with multiplicity studies of both the Pleiades stars and other open clusters.
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| 149. |
- Kooistra, Robin, et al.
(författare)
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Radial decoupling of small and large dust grains in the transitional disk RX J1615.3-3255
- 2017
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 597
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present H-band (1.6 mu m) scattered light observations of the transitional disk RX J1615.3-3255, located in the similar to 1 Myr old Lupus association. From a polarized intensity image, taken with the HiCIAO instrument of the Subaru Telescope, we deduce the position angle and the inclination angle of the disk. The disk is found to extend out to 68 +/- 12 AU in scattered light and no clear structure is observed. Our inner working angle of 24 AU does not allow us to detect a central decrease in intensity similar to that seen at 30 AU in the 880 mu m continuum observations. We compare the observations with multiple disk models based on the spectral energy distribution (SED) and submm interferometry and find that an inner rim of the outer disk at 30 AU containing small silicate grains produces a polarized intensity signal which is an order of magnitude larger than observed. We show that a model in which the small dust grains extend smoothly into the cavity found for large grains is closer to the actual H-band observations. A comparison of models with di ff erent dust size distributions suggests that the dust in the disk might have undergone significant processing compared to the interstellar medium.
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| 150. |
- Krishnan, Harini, et al.
(författare)
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Podoplanin: An emerging cancer biomarker and therapeutic target
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cancer Science. - : WILEY. - 1347-9032 .- 1349-7006. ; 109:5, s. 1292-1299
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Podoplanin (PDPN) is a transmembrane receptor glycoprotein that is upregulated on transformed cells, cancer associated fibroblasts and inflammatory macrophages that contribute to cancer progression. In particular, PDPN increases tumor cell clonal capacity, epithelial mesenchymal transition, migration, invasion, metastasis and inflammation. Antibodies, CAR-T cells, biologics and synthetic compounds that target PDPN can inhibit cancer progression and septic inflammation in preclinical models. This review describes recent advances in how PDPN may be used as a biomarker and therapeutic target for many types of cancer, including glioma, squamous cell carcinoma, mesothelioma and melanoma.
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