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Sökning: WFRF:(Ito H)

  • Resultat 491-500 av 572
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491.
  • Ginnarsson, K., et al. (författare)
  • Equilibrium and nonequilibrium magnetic behaviour of a reentrant Ising spin glass.
  • 1992
  • Ingår i: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-8853 .- 1873-4766. ; 104-107:3, s. 1607-1608
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The reentrant Ising spin glass Fe0.62Mn0.38TiO3 has been investigated using SQUID magnetometry. The system is antiferromagnetic below TN(H = 0) = 33 K, and enters a mixed antiferromagnetic/spin glass phase below Tg(H = 0) = 25.8 K. Within the concept of a recent mean field model, a ratio TN(0)/Tg(0) close to unity indicates both intra- and interlayer frustration. The existence of an overlap length, lΔT, below which equilibrium spin correlations at temperatures T and T + ΔT are indistinguishable has been verified by magnetic relaxation experiments on this spin glass system
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492.
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493.
  • Godoy, Patricio, et al. (författare)
  • Recent advances in 2D and 3D in vitro systems using primary hepatocytes, alternative hepatocyte sources and non-parenchymal liver cells and their use in investigating mechanisms of hepatotoxicity, cell signaling and ADME
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Archives of Toxicology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-5761 .- 1432-0738. ; 87:8, s. 1315-1530
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This review encompasses the most important advances in liver functions and hepatotoxicity and analyzes which mechanisms can be studied in vitro. In a complex architecture of nested, zonated lobules, the liver consists of approximately 80 % hepatocytes and 20 % non-parenchymal cells, the latter being involved in a secondary phase that may dramatically aggravate the initial damage. Hepatotoxicity, as well as hepatic metabolism, is controlled by a set of nuclear receptors (including PXR, CAR, HNF-4 alpha, FXR, LXR, SHP, VDR and PPAR) and signaling pathways. When isolating liver cells, some pathways are activated, e.g., the RAS/MEK/ERK pathway, whereas others are silenced (e.g. HNF-4 alpha), resulting in up- and downregulation of hundreds of genes. An understanding of these changes is crucial for a correct interpretation of in vitro data. The possibilities and limitations of the most useful liver in vitro systems are summarized, including three-dimensional culture techniques, co-cultures with non-parenchymal cells, hepatospheres, precision cut liver slices and the isolated perfused liver. Also discussed is how closely hepatoma, stem cell and iPS cell-derived hepatocyte-like-cells resemble real hepatocytes. Finally, a summary is given of the state of the art of liver in vitro and mathematical modeling systems that are currently used in the pharmaceutical industry with an emphasis on drug metabolism, prediction of clearance, drug interaction, transporter studies and hepatotoxicity. One key message is that despite our enthusiasm for in vitro systems, we must never lose sight of the in vivo situation. Although hepatocytes have been isolated for decades, the hunt for relevant alternative systems has only just begun.
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494.
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496.
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497.
  • GUNNARSSON, K, et al. (författare)
  • STATIC SCALING IN A SHORT-RANGE ISING SPIN-GLASS
  • 1991
  • Ingår i: Physical Review B Condensed Matter. - 0163-1829 .- 1095-3795. ; 43, s. 8199-8203
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The nonlinear ac susceptibility chi’-nl of the short-range Ising spin glass Fe0.5Mn0.5TiO3 has been measured using a superconducting-quantum-interference-device magnetometer. The spin-glass temperature, T(g), and the critical exponent gamma were estimated from the temperature dependence of the quadratic field term of chi’nl, yielding T(g) = 20.70 and gamma = 4.0. Static-scaling analyses, using different scaling equations, gave similar results. Using gamma and results from previous dynamic-scaling analyses, a number of critical exponents have been obtained through different scaling relations, e.g., delta = 8.4 and nu = 1.7. The results support the existence of a finite-temperature phase transition in a three-dimensional Ising spin glass.
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