| 61. |
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Elolyckor i arbetet
- 2017
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I en utvidgad slutrapport från forskningsprojektet ”Elolyckor i arbetet – en undersökning om sena följder av strömgenomgång” redovisas resultat från en stor enkätstudie till elektriker och personer som anmält elolycksfall till Arbetsmiljöverket, och fördjupade kliniska undersökningar av en grupp elektriker som hade kvarstående besvär efter strömgenomgång. En tydlig strävan har varit att erfarenheter från projektet ska kunna leda till ett bättre omhändertagande av dem som drabbats av en elolycka, såväl på arbetsplatsen som inom hälso- och sjukvården och ge fördjupad förståelse för betydelsen av det förebyggande elsäkerhetsarbetet.
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| 62. |
- Engquist, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Musculoskeletal pain and impact on performance in orchestra musicians and actors
- 2004
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Ingår i: Medical Problems of Performing Artists. - 0885-1158. ; 19:2, s. 55-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and its impact on performance in orchestra musicians and in a reference group of actors, who share the mental stress in a performance situation, but without having the physical work load from an instrument. Swedish musicians (n = 103) from symphony and chamber orchestras and actors (n = 106) participated in a cross-sectional questionnaire study. Musculoskeletal pain was assessed by a further developed Standardized Nordic Questionnaire. The impact of pain on performance (pain affecting playing capacity, decreased playing time, and change of technique) and trouble-related sick leave also was assessed. Pain intensity was assessed by visual analogue scales. Musculoskeletal pain in the neck and shoulders was the most frequently reported problem, with similar prevalence among Musicians and actors, around 25% for present pain and 20% for chronic pain (1-year prevalence). Around 10% of the musicians and 5% of the actors reported pain in the hands. Oral pain was reported by 12% of the Musicians and 18% of the actors. The number of affected body regions and the intensity of pain were similar in the study groups. The musicians had an increased risk for pain affecting playing capacity. For the neck, the prevalence odds ratio (POR) was 3.0 (95% confidence interval 1.2-7.2; adjusted for age and gender). String instrumentalists had higher risk estimates than nonstring instrumentalists. A gender difference was not observed. Pain in the oral region affecting playing capacity was less common in musicians, with a prevalence odds ratio of 0.4 (95% confidence interval 0.1-0.8). Even though the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was similar in the two groups of performing artists, the consequences for the work situation were more serious among musicians.
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| 63. |
- Eriksson, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative membrane proteomics applying narrow range peptide isoelectric focusing for studies of small cell lung cancer resistance mechanisms
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proteomics. - : Wiley. - 1615-9853 .- 1615-9861. ; 28:5C, s. 3275-3276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drug resistance is often associated with upregulation of membrane-associated drug-efflux systems, and thus global membrane proteomics methods are valuable tools in the search for novel components of drug resistance phenotypes. Herein we have compared the microsomal proteome from the lung cancer cell line H69 and its isogenic Doxorubicin-resistant subcell line H69AR. The method used includes microsome preparation, iTRAQ labeling followed by narrow range peptide IEF in an immobilized pH-gradient (IPG-IEF) and LC-MS/MS analysis. We demonstrate that the microsomal preparation and iTRAQ labeling is reproducible regarding protein content and composition. The rationale using narrow range peptide IPG-IEF separation is demonstrated by its ability to: (i) lowering the complexity of the sample by two-thirds while keeping high proteome coverage (96%), (ii) providing high separation efficiency, and (iii) allowing for peptide validation and possibly identifications of post-transcriptional modifications. After analyzing one-fifth of the IEF fractions (effective pH range of 4.0-4.5), a total of 3704 proteins were identified, among which 527 were predicted to be membrane proteins. One of the proteins found to be differentially expressed was Serca 2, a calcium pump located in the ER membrane that potentially could result in changes of apoptotic response toward Doxorubicin.
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| 64. |
- Glaser, J., et al.
(författare)
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Preventing kidney injury among sugarcane workers: Promising evidence from enhanced workplace interventions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 77:8, s. 527-534
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To assess if improvement of working conditions related to heat stress was associated with improved kidney health outcomes among sugarcane harvest workers in Chichigalpa, Nicaragua, a region heavily affected by the epidemic of chronic kidney disease of non-traditional origin. Methods: Based on our findings during the 2017-2018 harvest (harvest 1), recommendations that enhanced the rest schedule and improved access to hydration and shade were given before the 2018-2019 harvest (harvest 2). Actual work conditions during harvest 2 were then observed. Serum creatinine (SCr) was measured before and at end-harvest, and cross-harvest changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and incident kidney injury (IKI, ie, SCr increase by ≥0.30 mg/dL or ≥1.5 times the baseline value) were compared between harvest 1 and harvest 2 for three jobs with different physical workloads using regression modelling. Workers who left during harvest were contacted at home, to address the healthy worker selection effect. Results: In burned cane cutters, mean cross-harvest eGFR decreased 6 mL/min/1.73 m2 (95% CI 2 to 9 mL/min/1.73 m2) less and IKI was 70% (95% CI 90% to 50%) lower in harvest 2 as compared with harvest 1 data. No such improvements were seen among seed cutters groups with less successful intervention implementation. Conclusion: Kidney injury risk was again elevated in workers with strenuous jobs. The results support further efforts to prevent kidney injury among sugarcane workers, and other heat-stressed workers, by improving access to water, rest and shade. The distinction between design and implementation of such interventions should be recognised. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
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| 65. |
- Glaser, J., et al.
(författare)
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Workplace Intervention for Heat Stress: Essential Elements of Design, Implementation, and Assessment
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601. ; 19:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heat stress is associated with numerous health effects that potentially harm workers, especially in a warming world. This investigation occurred in a setting where laborers are confronted with occupational heat stress from physically demanding work in high environmental temperatures. Collaboration with a major Nicaraguan sugarcane producer offered the opportunity to study interventions to prevent occupational heat-stress-related kidney disease. Two aims for this study of a rest-shade-water intervention program were: (1) describe the evolving intervention, summarize findings that motivated proposed improvements, assess impact of those improvements, and identify challenges to successful implementation and (2) extract primary lessons learned about intervention research that have both general relevance to investigations of work-related disease prevention and specific relevance to this setting. The learning curve for the various stakeholders as well as the barriers to success demonstrate that effectiveness of an intervention cannot be adequately assessed without considerations of implementation. Designing, effectively implementing, and assessing both health impacts and implementation quality is a resource-intensive endeavor requiring a transdisciplinary approach. Both general and specific lessons learned are presented for decisions on study design and study elements, implementation assessment, and management engagement in understanding how productivity and health can be successfully balanced and for building effective communication between investigators and all levels of management.
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| 66. |
- Glynn, A., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of serum concentrations of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in school children and the contribution of low-level PFAA-contaminated drinking water
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environmental Science-Processes & Impacts. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7887 .- 2050-7895. ; 22:4, s. 930-944
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about the demographic/life-style/physiological determinants explaining the variation of serum perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) concentrations in children. We identified significant determinants in children and investigated the influence of low-level PFAA-contaminated drinking water (DW) (<10 ng L(-1)of single PFAAs) on serum concentrations. Four perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs) and 11 perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) were analyzed in serum from 5(th)grade children from 11 Swedish schools (N= 200; average age: 12 years) using liquid chromatography-tandem-mass-spectrometry. Data on demography and life-style/physiological factors were obtained by questionnaires. PFAA concentrations in raw and drinking water (DW) were obtained from the water works supplying DW to the schools. In multiple regression analyses school was the determinant contributing most to the variation in PFAA concentrations, with the lowest contribution for PFHpA (10%) and the highest for PFHxS (81%). Girls had lower adjusted mean concentrations of PFHxS, PFOS, PFNA and PFDA than boys, but a higher concentration of PFHxA. Girls reporting onset of menstruation had lower PFHxS and PFOA concentrations than other girls, suggesting menstrual bleeding elimination. Children born by mothers from less industrialized countries had lower mean concentrations of both PFSAs and PFCAs than children with mothers from highly industrialized countries, suggesting differences in early-life exposure. Life-style factors associated with paternal education levels appeared to influence PFAA concentrations differently than maternal education level. Already at an average DW PFHxS concentration of 2 ng L-1, children had a significantly higher adjusted mean serum PFHxS concentration than at an average DW concentration of <1.6 ng PFHxS L-1. Similar results were observed for PFOS and PFOA. The DW variable explained 16% (PFOA) to 78% (PFHxS) of the variation in serum PFAA concentrations, suggesting that low-level-contaminated DW is a significant source of exposure for children in Sweden. Although some of the associations, especially those with menstruation and maternal birth country, should be interpreted with extra caution due to the small size of the study, the results contribute to future work on identifying populations of children at risk of elevated PFAA exposures.
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| 67. |
- Glynn, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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PFAS i blod – modellering av exponering via dricksvatten
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med projektet var att undersöka sambandet mellan halter av per- och polyfluorerade alkylsubstanser (PFAS) i dricksvatten (DV) och i serumprover från befolkningsgrupper som druckit PFAS-förorenat DV under lång tid. Målet var att utveckla en populationsmodell där PFAS-halter i serum kan uppskattas från PFAS-halter i DV och exponeringstid för detta DV. I projektet användes redan publicerade resultat från studier av PFAS-halter i serum och DV, omfattande anställda vid Arvidsjaurs flygplats (brunnsvatten), permanent/fritidsboende i närheten av Luleå flygplats (brunnsvatten), permanent/fritidsboende i närheten av Visby flygplats (brunnsvatten), och invånare från Uppsala (kommunalt DV). En grupp vuxna från Karlshamn (kommunalt vatten) fick representera populationer som druckit rent DV. Linjära regressionsanalyser visade starka samband mellan uppmätta PFAS-halter i serum och DV. PFHxS uppvisade den högsta kvoten mellan halt i serum och DV (ca 100), medan PFHxA och PFBS hade kvoter i intervallet 1-2. Skillnaderna i kvoter, som illustrerar hur effektivt PFAS bioackumuleras i kroppen från DV, är relaterad till hur länge olika PFAS stannar i kroppen efter avslutad exponering (halveringstider). PFAS med långa halveringstider (PFOA, PFHxS, PFOS) hade klart högre kvoter, och därmed högre bioackumulering, än PFAS med korta halveringstider (PFHxA, PFBS). I separata regressionsanalyser observerades lägre kvoter mellan PFAS-halt i serum och DV hos kvinnor än hos män, vilket antyder att kvinnor inte bioackumulerar de studerade PFAS från DV i lika hög grad som män. Befolkningen i Sverige exponeras för PFAS från andra källor än DV, vilket leder till bakgrundshalter av PFAS i serum även bland dem som inte druckit förorenat DV. Resultaten från regressionsanalyserna användes för att uppskatta vid vilka halter av PFAS i DV som det med stor sannolikhet går att upptäcka PFAS-halter i serum som ligger över bakgrundshalterna. Dessa PFAS-halter i DV varierade mellan olika PFAS, från ca 50 ng/L för PFOA till ca 100 ng/L för PFOS. Dessa halter ligger mycket högre än de som normalt uppmäts i kommunalt och enskilt DV i Sverige, och representerar halter i starkt förorenade områden. Med den relativt enkla populationsmodell som utvecklats i projektet kan man beräkna hur halterna av PFAS i serum påverkas av PFAS-halterna i DV. Dessutom kan man beräkna hur PFAS-halterna i serum påverkas av exponeringstiden för det förorenade DV, samt hur halterna minskar i serum efter övergång till rent DV. Som ingångsvärden i modellen användes de bakgrundshalter av PFAS i serum och kvoter mellan serum/DV-halter av PFAS som tagits fram i regressionsanalysen. Dessutom utnyttjades de halveringstider som tagits fram för de som arbetade (och konsumerade PFAS-förorenat DV) vid Luleå flygplats, samt en population vuxna från Canada. I ett test av modellen jämfördes de modellerade halterna av PFOA, PFHxS och PFOS i serum med uppmätta halter i tre populationer från Sverige (Ronneby), Italien (Veneto) och Arnsberg (Tyskland) som druckit förorenat DV under lång tid. Jämförelsen visade att modellen på ett bra sätt uppskattar variationen av halterna i serum i populationen, men att den underskattar medelhalterna, om medianen används vid jämförelsen. Om de modellerade medelvärdena (artimetiskt medelvärde) istället används i jämförelsen med de uppmätta medianerna, ligger de modellerade och uppmätta medel-halterna nära varandra. De observerade skillnaderna kan bero på att den regressionsanalys som användes för att ta fram ingångsvärdena i modellen påverkat fördelningen av värdena på ett sätt som inte helt överensstämmer med fördelningen i de studerade populationerna. Eliminering av PFAS efter övergång till rent DV modellerades också. Som exempel användes haltdata från de Ronnebybor som druckit förorenat DV under lång tid. Som slutpunkt i modelleringen användes den serumhalt som i medeltal representerar ett långsiktigt intag av PFAS i nivå med det tolerabla veckointaget (serumTVI), som EFSA tagit fram i sin senaste riskbedömning. SerumTVI är uppskattat för en summa-halt av PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS och PFOS i serum (6,9 ng PFAS4/ml). Modelleringen pekar mot en stor variation i den tid det tar innan serumTVI nås i en befolkningsgrupp efter byte till rent DV. Den kortaste tiden modellerades till 14 år och den längsta till längre än en livstid. Resultaten i projektet uppmuntrar till fortsatt utveckling av modellen för uppskattning av PFAS-halter i serum från uppmätta halter i DV.
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| 68. |
- Gonzalez-Quiroz, M., et al.
(författare)
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Rationale and population-based prospective cohort protocol for the disadvantaged populations at risk of decline in EGFR (CO-DEGREE)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Bmj Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 9:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction A recently recognised form of chronic kidney disease (CKD) of unknown origin (CKDu) is afflicting communities, mostly in rural areas in several regions of the world. Prevalence studies are being conducted in a number of countries, using a standardised protocol, to estimate the distribution of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and thus identify communities with a high prevalence of reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In this paper, we propose a standardised minimum protocol for cohort studies in high-risk communities aimed at investigating the incidence of, and risk factors for, early kidney dysfunction. Methods and analysis This generic cohort protocol provides the information to establish a prospective population-based cohort study in low-income settings with a high prevalence of CKDu. This involves a baseline survey that included key elements from the DEGREE survey (eg, using the previously published DEGREE methodology) of a population-representative sample, and subsequent follow-up visits in young adults (without a pre-existing diagnosis of CKD (eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73m 2), proteinuria or risk factors for CKD at baseline) over several years. Each visit involves a core questionnaire, and collection and storage of biological samples. Local capacity to measure serum creatinine will be required so that immediate feedback on kidney function can be provided to participants. After completion of follow-up, repeat measures of creatinine should be conducted in a central laboratory, using reference standards traceable to isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) quality control material to quantify the main outcome of eGFR decline over time, alongside a description of the early evolution of disease and risk factors for eGFR decline. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval will be obtained by local researchers, and participants will provide informed consent before the study commences. Participants will typically receive feedback and advice on their laboratory results, and referral to a local health system where appropriate. © © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.
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| 69. |
- Gustavsson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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0250 Occupational exposure and stroke - A critical review of chemical and physical exposures.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1470-7926 .- 1351-0711. ; 71 Suppl 1, s. 93-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stroke is the third most common cause of death in developed countries, exceeded only by coronary heart disease and cancer. There is substantial scientific literature on the association between occupational exposures and coronary heart disease, but much less is known about stroke. This systematic critical review was performed to assess the strength of evidence for causal associations between chemical and physical occupational exposures and stroke.
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| 70. |
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