| 91. |
- Anderson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Façade fire tests : Measurements and modeling
- 2013
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Ingår i: 1st International Seminar for Fire Safety of Facades, FSF 2013. - : EDP Sciences. - 9782759811007
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In two recent papers [1, 2] the fire dynamics in a test rig for façade constructions according to the test method SP Brand 105 [3, 4] was investigated both experimentally and numerically. The experimental setup simulates a three-story apartment building (height 6.7m, width 4m and depth 1.6m), with external wall-cladding and a "room fire" at the base. The numerical model was developed in the CFD program Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) [5] with analogous geometry and instrumentation. The general features of the fire test were well reproduced in the numerical model however temperatures close to the fire source could not be properly accounted for in the model. In this paper the bi-directional probe measurements are elaborated on and the test used in Ref. [1] is revisited using different heat release rates in the numerical model. The velocity of the hot gases along the façade was well reproduced by the simulations although some deviations were found.
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| 92. |
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| 93. |
- Anderson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Fire dynamics in Façade fire tests : Measurement, modeling and repeatability
- 2015
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Ingår i: Applications of Structural Fire Engineering. - : Czech Technical University in Prague. - 2336-7318. - 9788001061947
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Presented is a comparison between full-scale façade tests where SP Fire 105 and BS 8414-1 were used regarding repeatability and the use of modelling to discern changes in the set-ups. Results show that the air movements around the test set-up (the wind) may have a significant impact on the tests and that the heat exposure to the façade surface will among other depend on the thickness of the test specimen. Also demonstrated was that good results could be obtained by modelling of the façade fire tests giving us the opportunity to use these methods to determine the effect of a change in the experimental setup.
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| 94. |
- Anderson, Johan, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Fire Safety of Façades
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Façade fires do not occur often (in comparison to other major structure fires) but in recent years there have been a number of spectacular façade fires in high rise building such as the recent fire in Grenfell Tower, London.Under-ventilated compartment fires may cause flames to spill out of window openings impinging the façade, thus devastating façade fires may start on one floor leap-frogging to adjacent floors. It is therefore necessary to limit or delay fire spread to higher floors. Requirements built on large scale fire testing may decrease the risk of these types of fires provided that the building is constructed according to the specifications provided by the manufacturer. Different countries have different regulations and tests for façades. New materials and façade systems are continuously introduced which might call for an update of these tests and regulations.This report summarizes experimental and modelling efforts in characterizing the fire safety of façades using the Swedish SP Fire 105 and the British BS 8414 methods. Recent experimental results and modelling is presented exploring the variations in the fire exposure, fire load and the fuel used. The fire source and the heat exposure to the façade are characterized by additional temperatures measured by plate thermometers while some other aspects are only treated in the numerical study such as a change in fuel. It is found that the results from the BS 8414 are largely affected by wind and climate since the experimental test was performed outdoors, moreover fire spread on wooden façades is also briefly discussed.In order to obtain a deeper understanding of the test methods and the results CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) Modelling in FDS was used. The models were based on measured input parameters including uncertainties and an assessment of the impact of said uncertainties. The models could often reproduce the experimentally found temperatures qualitatively and quantitatively. A detailed discussion on the regulations and the tests that lead to the SP Fire 105 test method is also presented. Summaries of the façade testing methods and conditions in other European countries are presented in the appendices.Finally possible ways forward in updating the façade testing and regulations are discussed.
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| 95. |
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| 96. |
- Anderson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling of fire exposure in facade fire testing
- 2017
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Ingår i: Fire and Materials. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0308-0501 .- 1099-1018. ; 42:5, s. 475-483
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a comparative simulation study on 3 large‐scale facade testing methods, namely,the SP Fire 105, BS 8414‐1, and the ISO 13785‐2 methods, is presented. Generally goodcorrespondence between simulations and experimental data has been found, provided thatthermal properties of the facade material and heat release rates are known; however, thecorrespondence deviates in close proximity of the fire source. Furthermore, a statistical ensemblefor evaluating the effects stemming from uncertainty in input data is used. Here, it wasfound using this statistical ensemble that the variability was smaller in the ISO 13785‐2compared to the BS 8414‐1 method. The heat release rates (HRR) used in the simulations wereadopted from measurements except for the ISO method where the information in the standardwas used to approximate the HRR. A quantitative similarity between the HRR in the ISOmethod and the British method was found.
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| 97. |
- Anderson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Uncertainties in façade fire tests - Measurements and modeling
- 2016
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Ingår i: MATEC Web of Conferences. - : EDP Sciences.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper a comparison between test and modelling results are performed for two large-scale façade fire testing methods, namely SP Fire 105 and BS 8414-1. In order to be able to compare tests and modelling the uncertainties have to be quantified both in the test and the modelling. Here we present a methodology based on deterministic sampling to quantify uncertainties in the modelling input. We find, in general good agreement between the models and the test results. Moreover, temperatures estimated by plate thermometers is indicated to be less sensitive to small variations in model input and is thus suitable for these kind of comparisons.
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| 98. |
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| 99. |
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| 100. |
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