| 101. |
- Van Guelpen, Bethany, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma folate and total homocysteine levels are associated with the risk of myocardial infarction, independently of each other and of renal function.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of internal medicine. - : Wiley. - 1365-2796 .- 0954-6820. ; 266:2, s. 182-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between plasma folate, vitamin B12 and total homocysteine concentrations, dietary intake of folate and vitamins B12, B6 and B2, and the risk of first acute myocardial infarction (MI). DESIGN: Nested case-referent study with up to 13 years of follow-up. SETTING: The population-based Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study, with 73 879 participants at the time of case ascertainment. SUBJECTS: A total of 571 MI cases (406 men) and 1569 matched referents. Of the cases, 530 had plasma samples available, and 247 had dietary B-vitamin intake data. RESULTS: Plasma concentrations of folate were inversely associated, and total homocysteine positively associated, with the risk of MI, independently of each other and of a number of established and novel cardiovascular risk factors, including renal function [multivariate odds ratio for highest vs. lowest quintile of folate 0.52 (95% CI 0.31-0.84), P for trend = 0.036, and homocysteine 1.92 (95% CI 1.20-3.09), P for trend = 0.006]. For plasma vitamin B12 concentrations, and vitamin B12, B6 and B2 intake, no clear risk relationship was apparent. Though not statistically significant, the results for folate intake were consistent with those for plasma concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: In this large prospective study of a population without mandatory folic acid fortification, both folate and homocysteine were strongly associated with the risk of myocardial infarction, independently of each other and of renal function. Although randomized trials of folic acid supplementation are needed to determine causality, our findings highlight the potential importance of folate, or sources of folate, in incident cardiovascular disease.
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| 102. |
- Vollaard, Niels B. J., et al.
(författare)
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Systematic analysis of adaptations in aerobic capacity and submaximal energy metabolism provides a unique insight into determinants of human aerobic performance
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of applied physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601. ; 106:5, s. 1479-1486
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vollaard NB, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Fredriksson K, Rooyackers O, Jansson E, Greenhaff PL, Timmons JA, Sundberg CJ. Systematic analysis of adaptations in aerobic capacity and submaximal energy metabolism provides a unique insight into determinants of human aerobic performance. J Appl Physiol 106: 1479-1486, 2009. First published February 5, 2009; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.91453.2008.-It has not been established which physiological processes contribute to endurance training-related changes (Delta) in aerobic performance. For example, the relationship between intramuscular metabolic responses at the intensity used during training and improved human functional capacity has not been examined in a longitudinal study. In the present study we hypothesized that improvements in aerobic capacity ((V) over dotO(2max)) and metabolic control would combine equally to explain enhanced aerobic performance. Twenty-four sedentary males (24 +/- 2 yr; 1.81 +/- 0.08 m; 76.6 +/- 11.3 kg) undertook supervised cycling training (45 min at 70% of pretraining (V) over dotO(2max)) 4 times/wk for 6 wk. Performance was determined using a 15-min cycling time trial, and muscle biopsies were taken before and after a 10-min cycle at 70% of pretraining (V) over dotO(2max) to quantify substrate metabolism. Substantial interindividual variability in training-induced adaptations was observed for most parameters, yet ""low responders"" for Delta(V) over dotO(2max) were not consistently low responders for other variables. While (V) over dotO(2max) and time trial performance were related at baseline (r(2) = 0.80, P < 0.001), the change in (V) over dotO(2max) was completely unrelated to the change in aerobic performance. The maximal parameters Delta(V) over dotE(max) and Delta Veq(max) (Delta(V) over dotE/(V) over dotO(2max)) accounted for 64% of the variance in Delta(V) over dotO(2max) (P < 0.001), whereas Delta performance was related to changes in the submaximal parameters Veq(submax) (r(2) = 0.33; P < 0.01), muscle Delta lactate (r(2) = 0.32; P < 0.01), and Delta acetyl-carnitine (r(2) = 0.29; P < 0.05). This study demonstrates that improvements in high-intensity aerobic performance in humans are not related to altered maximal oxygen transport capacity. Altered muscle metabolism may provide the link between training stimulus and improved performance, but metabolic parameters do not change in a manner that relates to aerobic capacity changes.
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| 103. |
- Willing, Ben, et al.
(författare)
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Twin studies reveal specific imbalances in the mucosa-associated microbiota of patients with ileal Crohn's disease
- 2009
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Ingår i: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. - New York : John Wiley & Sons. - 1078-0998 .- 1536-4844. ; 15:5, s. 653-660
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Large interindividual variation in the composition of the intestinal microbiota between unrelated individuals has made it challenging to identify specific aspects of dysbiosis that lead to Crohn's disease (CD).METHODS: To reduce variations in exposure during establishment of the gut flora and the influence of genotype, we studied the mucosa-associated microbiota of monozygotic twin pairs that were discordant (n = 6) or concordant (n = 4) for CD. DNA was extracted from biopsies collected from 5 locations between the ileum and rectum. Bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes were amplified and community composition assessed by terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism, cloning and sequencing, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).RESULTS: The microbial compositions at all biopsy locations for each individual were similar, regardless of disease state, but there were differences between individuals. In particular, individuals with predominantly ileal CD had a dramatically lower abundance (P < 0.001) of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and increased abundance (P < 0.03) of Escherichia coli compared to healthy co-twins and those with CD localized in the colon. This dysbiosis was significantly correlated to the disease phenotype rather than genotype.CONCLUSIONS: The reduced abundance of F. prausnitzii and increased abundance of E. coli are indicative of an ileal CD phenotype, distinct from colonic CD, and the relative abundances of these specific bacterial populations are promising biomarker candidates for differential diagnosis of CD and eventually customized treatment.
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| 104. |
- Woldegiorgis, A., et al.
(författare)
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Fabrication of silica nano wires on the internal perimeter of narrow bore fused silicia tubing by non-isothermal etching
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0022-2461 .- 1573-4803. ; 40:3, s. 583-589
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An method for fabrication of long silica nano wires is presented. The nano structured material is an integral part of the inner surface of narrow bore fused silica capillary tubing. The wire preparation method is based on a hydrothermal action and decomposition of 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl methyl ether at elevated temperature. In our previous work, reproducible nano wire outgrowth could only be accomplished in capillaries with an inner diameter less than 10 mum [1], and the centre of the capillary lumen remained free of wires. In the present article we report on nano wire outgrowth in capillaries with larger inner diameters. These wires are entangled via carbon nucleating particles and stretch across the entire lumen of the capillary. The long nano wire outgrowth was induced by a time dependent, non isothermal etching of the capillaries. Suggested mechanisms for the growth process are discussed.
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