| 51. |
- Bateman, Eric D., et al.
(författare)
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Overall asthma control: The relationship between current control and future risk
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6825 .- 0091-6749. ; 125:3, s. 600-608
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Asthma guidelines emphasize both maintaining current control and reducing future risk, but the relationship between these 2 targets is not well understood. Objective: This retrospective analysis of 5 budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy (Symbicort SMART Turbuhaler*) studies assessed the relationship between asthma control questionnaire (ACQ-5) and Global Initiative for Asthma-defined clinical asthma control and future risk of instability and exacerbations. Methods: The percentage of patients with Global Initiative for Asthma defined controlled asthma over time was assessed for budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy versus the 3 maintenance therapies; higher dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), same dose ICS/long-acting beta(2)-agonist (LABA), and higher dose ICS/LABA plus short-acting beta(2)-agonist. The relationship between baseline ACQ-5 and exacerbations was investigated. A Markov analysis examined the transitional probability of change in control status throughout the studies. Results: The percentage of patients achieving asthma control increased with time, irrespective of treatment; the percentage Controlled/Partly Controlled at study end was at least similar to budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy versus the 3 maintenance therapies: higher dose ICS (56% vs 45%), same dose ICS/LABA (56% vs 53%), and higher dose ICS/LABA (54% vs 54%). Baseline ACQ-5 score correlated positively with exacerbation rates. A Controlled or Partly Controlled week predicted at least Partly Controlled asthma the following week (>= 80% probability). The better the control, the lower the risk of an Uncontrolled week. The probability of an exacerbation was related to current state and was lower with budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy. Conclusions: Current control predicts future risk of instability and exacerbations. Budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy reduces exacerbations versus comparators and achieves at least similar control. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010;125:600-8.)
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| 53. |
- Dunlop, Malcolm G, et al.
(författare)
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Cumulative impact of 10 common genetic variants on colorectal cancer risk in 42,333 individuals from eight populations
- 2012
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Ingår i: Gut. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Molecular Medicine and Surgery. - 1468-3288 .- 0017-5749.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a substantial heritable component. Common genetic variation has been shown to contribute to CRC risk. A study was conducted in a large multi-population study to assess the feasibility of CRC risk prediction using common genetic variant data combined with other risk factors. A risk prediction model was built and applied to the Scottish population using available data. DESIGN: Nine populations of European descent were studied to develop and validate CRC risk prediction models. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the combined effect of age, gender, family history (FH) and genotypes at 10 susceptibility loci that individually only modestly influence CRC risk. Risk models were generated from case-control data incorporating genotypes alone (n=39 266) and in combination with gender, age and FH (n=11 324). Model discriminatory performance was assessed using 10-fold internal cross-validation and externally using 4187 independent samples. The 10-year absolute risk was estimated by modelling genotype and FH with age- and gender-specific population risks. RESULTS: The median number of risk alleles was greater in cases than controls (10 vs 9, p<2.2×10(-16)), confirmed in external validation sets (Sweden p=1.2×10(-6), Finland p=2×10(-5)). The mean per-allele increase in risk was 9% (OR 1.09; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.13). Discriminative performance was poor across the risk spectrum (area under curve for genotypes alone 0.57; area under curve for genotype/age/gender/FH 0.59). However, modelling genotype data, FH, age and gender with Scottish population data shows the practicalities of identifying a subgroup with >5% predicted 10-year absolute risk. CONCLUSION: Genotype data provide additional information that complements age, gender and FH as risk factors, but individualised genetic risk prediction is not currently feasible. Nonetheless, the modelling exercise suggests public health potential since it is possible to stratify the population into CRC risk categories, thereby informing targeted prevention and surveillance.
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| 54. |
- Grover, Piyush, et al.
(författare)
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Optimized Three-Body Gravity Assists and Manifold Transfers in End-to-End Lunar Mission Design
- 2012
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Ingår i: Advances in the Astronautical Sciences (Spaceflight Mechanics 2012: Proceedings of the 22nd AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting). - 0065-3438 .- 1081-6003. - 9780877035817 - 9780877035824 ; 143 (2012), s. 1189-1203
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe a modular optimization framework for GTO-to-moon mission design using the planar circular restricted three-body problem (PCR3BP) model. The three-body resonant gravity assists and invariant manifolds in the planar restricted three-body problem are used as basic building blocks of this mission design. The mission is optimized by appropriately timed delta-Vs, which are obtained by a shooting method and a Gauss-Pseudospectral collocation method for different phases of the mission. Depending upon the initial and final orbits, the optimized missions consume between 10-15 % less fuel compared to a Hohmann transfer, while taking around 4 to 5 months of travel time.
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| 55. |
- Hellesen, Carl, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Neutron spectroscopy measurements and modeling of neutral beam heating fast ion dynamics
- 2010
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Ingår i: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0741-3335 .- 1361-6587. ; 52:8, s. 085013-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The energy spectrum of the neutron emission from beam-target reactions in fusion plasmas at the Joint European Torus (JET) has been investigated. Different beam energies as well as injection angles were used. Both measurements and simulations of the energy spectrum were done. The measurements were made with the time-of-flight spectrometer TOFOR. Simulations of the neutron spectrum were based on first-principle calculations of neutral beam deposition profiles and the fast ion slowing down in the plasma using the code NUBEAM, which is a module of the TRANSP package. The shape of the neutron energy spectrum was seen to vary significantly depending on the energy of the beams as well as the injection angle and the deposition profile in the plasma. Cross validations of the measured and modeled neutron energy spectra were made, showing a good agreement for all investigated scenarios.
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| 60. |
- Koulaouzidis, George, et al.
(författare)
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Coronary Artery Calcification Progression in Asymptomatic Individuals With Initial Score of Zero
- 2013
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Ingår i: Angiology. - : Sage Publications. - 0003-3197 .- 1940-1574. ; 64:7, s. 494-497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to determine the progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC) using electron beam computed tomography (CT) when the initial CAC score (CACS) is zero and to determine the best interval to repeat a CAC scan. We studied 388 individuals with zero CACS (308 males; mean age: 48.8 +/- 8.26 years) who underwent 2 consecutive CT scans in a period of at least 12 months apart. The interscan period was 2.99 +/- 1.35 years (range: 1-6 years). Three-quarters of the individuals (75%) did not develop any CAC progression, 20.87% presented CAC progression of 1 to 10, 3.6% had 11 to 50, whereas only 0.51% had >50. The average time of new CAC development was 4.2 +/- 1.1 years. Individuals with CAC progression presented higher incidence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolaemia and higer frequency of male gender than those with without CAC changes (p<0.02). No cardiac events occurred during the follow-up period.
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