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| 44. |
- Johansson, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Se upp och skriv snabbare!
- 2008
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Ingår i: Språk. ; :1, s. 20-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 45. |
- Johansson, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Se upp och vinn tid!
- 2008
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Ingår i: Språktidningen. - Stockholm : Språktidningen i Sverige. - 1654-5028. ; :1, s. 20-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Den som mest tittar på tangenterna skriver långsammare än den som tittar på skärmen. Har blickens riktning också effekt på textens kvalitet?Var tittar du när du skriver? På tangenterna eller på skärmen? Vissa skribenter tittar mest på tangentbordet och vissa tittar mest på skärmen, men nästan alla tittar på tangentbordet ibland. Frågan är om det spelar någon roll för hur texten blir i slutändan.Vår forskargrupp i Lund beslöt att undersöka saken. Vi lät 28 studenter (utan läs- och skrivsvårigheter) skriva en text i ett program som spelade in alla tangentnedslag som gjordes under skrivandet. Samtidigt registrerade vi vad studenterna tittade på med hjälp av en ögonrörelsemätare fäst på en cykelhjälm.En första analys visade att skribenterna kunde delas in i två grupper: en som mest tittade på skärmen och en som mest tittade på tangentbordet. Vi kallar den första gruppen för skärmtittare och den andra för tangentbordstittare.
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| 46. |
- Johansson, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Text production in handwriting versus computer typing
- 2012
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Ingår i: Current trends in European Writing Research. - Bingley, UK : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1572-6304. ; , s. 375-377, s. 359-361
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 49. |
- Johansson, Therese
(författare)
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Leveraging genetic and population-level data to improve women’s health
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hormonal contraception (HC) and menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) are commonly used medicines, but their safety profiles are uncertain due to conflicting research. This thesis aims to examine the potential risks associated with HC and MHT by utilizing large-scale population-based cohorts.In Paper I, we prospectively examined the link between oral contraceptives (OCs) and MHT use with the risk of stroke in the UK Biobank (UKB). Cox regression with time-varying exposures was used to investigate if treatment effects vary with time and to avoid immortal time bias. We included time-varying covariates to account for potential confounding factors that change over time and might affect the exposure level. Our research showed higher stroke risk during the initial period after initiating both treatments and increased stroke risk with MHT use regardless of menopause timing.In Paper II, we calculated the hazard rate of the first incidence of depression following OC use. To avoid the influence of healthy-user bias, we estimated the risk in first-time users and excluded previous users in the reference group. A unique aspect of our study was the sibling analysis, which explored the causal relationship between OC use and depression by examining female sibling pairs in the UKB. Our findings showed that initiating OC was associated with a higher risk of depression, especially among adolescents and during the initial phase of treatment.Paper III explored the genetic predisposition to venous thromboembolism (VTE) among OC users in the UKB. Using polygenic risk scores, we demonstrated that women with a high genetic liability for VTE have a significantly increased risk when initiating OC. This suggests that genetic screening may be beneficial in personalising contraceptive advice and mitigating the risk of thrombotic events.In Paper IV, we investigated the association between different types of contemporary MHT and the risk of cardiovascular disease, building upon our findings from Paper I. We emulated a target trial using the Swedish nationwide registers to estimate the intention-to-treat and per-protocol effect. We showed that specific MHT treatments, particularly those that combine estrogen and progestin, are linked to an increased risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and venous thromboembolism (VTE). Tibolone was positively associated with IHD and cerebral infarction but not VTE. In Paper V, we examined the risk of depression following HC initiation using the Swedish nationwide registers. Our research expanded upon the findings of Paper II by including various types of modern HCs and employing an emulated target trial study design. We observed an increased risk of depression among various HCs and found that the risk of depression is influenced by different dosages and types of progestins rather than the route of administration.Using advanced analytical methods, we identified critical risk periods, variations in risk between different treatments and the interplay between treatment and genetics. While HC and MHT offer significant benefits, their potential side effects warrant careful consideration. Therefore, prescribing HCs and MHT should be approached with nuance, emphasising individual risk assessments and ongoing monitoring to optimise safety.
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| 50. |
- Johansson, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Oral Contraceptives, Hormone Replacement Therapy, and Stroke Risk
- 2022
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Ingår i: Stroke. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0039-2499 .- 1524-4628. ; 53:10, s. 3107-3115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Millions of women worldwide use exogenous hormones as oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy. Still, time-dependent and long-term consequences of exogenous hormones on stroke risk remains unclear.METHODS: We examined the association between self-reported oral contraceptive and hormone replacement therapy use and stroke risk in 257 194 women from the UK Biobank, born between 1939 and 1970. Outcomes included any type of stroke, ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Exposures were analyzed as time-varying variables in Cox regression models.RESULTS: During first year of oral contraceptive use, an increased event rate of any stroke was observed (hazard ratio [HR], 2.49 [95% CI, 1.44-4.30]), while the hazards were found to be comparable during remaining years of use (HR, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.86-1.14]), compared with nonusers. Similarly, first year of hormone replacement therapy use was associated with higher hazard rates of any stroke (HR, 2.12 [95% CI, 1.66-2.70]), as well as cause-specific stroke, including ischemic stroke (HR, 1.93 [95% CI, 1.05-3.57]) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (HR, 2.17 [95% CI, 1.25-3.78]), which remained increased for any stroke during remaining years of use (HR, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.05-1.31]), and after discontinuation (HR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.02-1.32]).CONCLUSIONS: Oral contraceptive use and hormone replacement therapy were associated with an increased risk of stroke, especially during the first year of use, possibly due to immediate changes in hemostatic balance. This study provides new insights on the effects of hormone exposure on stroke risk and provide evidence of not only an overall risk but also a pronounced effects seen in the beginning of treatment.
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