| 611. |
- Rapo, Emil, et al.
(författare)
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Critical components of social prescribing programmes with a focus on older adults - a systematic review
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 41:3, s. 326-342
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate critical components within social prescribing programmes that can impact loneliness, health, or well-being among older adults.Methods: A systematic review with a narrative synthesis was conducted by systematically searching five databases. A total of 1193 hits were identified, screened, and assessed. Twelve studies were included, with data being extracted and deductively analysed in an iterative manner and then tabulated together with outcomes in order to find common narratives.Results: Three critical components were identified: Assessment before prescription, matching participants with relevant activities, and individualised support from link worker. These critical components seemed important for the success of social prescribing programmes since they had an impact on loneliness, health, and well-being. All together, these results highlight the importance of person-centeredness in the prescribing process.Conclusions: The three critical components identified may prove useful in further research, evaluation, or implementation of social prescribing programmes. Important aspects for further evaluation are discussed.
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| 612. |
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Rasism, antirasism och socialt arbete i spåren av migration
- 2021. - 1:1
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Ingår i: Rasism, antirasism och socialt arbete i spåren av migration. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144142821 ; , s. 17-42
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna bok undersöks olika aspekter av rasism och antirasism samt dess påverkan på det sociala arbetets brukare, yrkesverksamma och frivilliga aktörer i olika välfärdssammanhang. Vår ambition med denna bok är att främja reflektion och stimulera till en debatt om rasism och antirasism i socialt arbete. De olika kapitelbidragen visar på en mångfald sätt som huvudtemat rasism och antirasism i socialt arbete kan studeras utifrån val av empiriska fall och teman, liksom avseende teoretiska och metodologiska ingångar. Bidragen befinner sig på olika nivåer och inom olika områden empiriskt och teoretiskt: socialpolitik, migrations- och integrationspolitik, offentligt socialt arbete, organisation, civilsamhälle, brukar- eller klientnära arbete med och för olika individer och grupper av människor, människors livsvillkor och erfarenheter. Rasism, antirasism och socialt arbete i spåren av migration vänder sig till studerande på socionomprogrammet och mastersprogrammet i socialt arbete, men är av intresse även för forskare och lärare inom socialt arbete och närliggande discipliner samt för yrkesverksamma socialarbetare och andra välfärdsprofessionella.
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| 613. |
- Rask-Andersen, Mathias, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Adiposity and sex-specific cancer risk.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cancer Cell. - 1535-6108 .- 1878-3686. ; 41:6, s. 1186-1197.e4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is associated with several types of cancer and fat distribution, which differs dramatically between sexes, has been suggested to be an independent risk factor. However, sex-specific effects on cancer risk have rarely been studied. Here we estimate the effects of fat accumulation and distribution on cancer risk in females and males. We performed a prospective study in 442,519 UK Biobank participants, for 19 cancer types and additional histological subtypes, with a mean follow-up time of 13.4 years. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the effect of 14 different adiposity phenotypes on cancer rates, and a 5% false discovery rate was considered statistically significant. Adiposity-related traits are associated with all but three cancer types, and fat accumulation is associated with a larger number of cancers compared to fat distribution. In addition, fat accumulation or distribution exhibit differential effects between sexes on colorectal, esophageal, and liver cancer.
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| 614. |
- Rask-Andersen, Mathias, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Epigenome-wide association study reveals differential DNA methylation in individuals with a history of myocardial infarction
- 2016
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 25:21, s. 4739-4748
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death worldwide and represent a substantial economic burden on public health care systems. Epigenetic markers have potential as diagnostic markers before clinical symptoms have emerged, and as prognostic markers to inform the choice of clinical intervention. In this study, we performed an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) for CVDs, to identify disease-specific alterations in DNA methylation. CpG methylation in blood samples from the northern Sweden population health study (NSPHS) (n = 729) was assayed on the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Individuals with a history of a CVD were identified in the cohort. It included individuals with hypertension (N = 147), myocardial infarction (MI) (N = 48), stroke (N = 27), thrombosis (N = 22) and cardiac arrhythmia (N = 5). Differential DNA methylation was observed at 211 CpG-sites in individuals with a history of MI (q <0.05). These sites represent 196 genes, of which 42 have been described in the scientific literature to be related to cardiac function, cardiovascular disease, cardiogenesis and recovery after ischemic injury. We have shown that individuals with a history of MI have a deviating pattern of DNA methylation at many genomic loci of which a large fraction has previously been linked to CVD. Our results highlight genes that might be important in the pathogenesis of MI or in recovery. In addition, the sites pointed out in this study can serve as candidates for further evaluation as potential biomarkers for MI.
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| 615. |
- Rask-Andersen, Mathias, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Gene-environment interaction study for BMI reveals interactions between genetic factors and physical activity, alcohol consumption and socioeconomic status.
- 2017
-
Ingår i: PLOS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7390 .- 1553-7404. ; 13:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of genetic loci to be associated with body mass index (BMI) and risk of obesity. Genetic effects can differ between individuals depending on lifestyle or environmental factors due to gene-environment interactions. In this study, we examine gene-environment interactions in 362,496 unrelated participants with Caucasian ancestry from the UK Biobank resource. A total of 94 BMI-associated SNPs, selected from a previous GWAS on BMI, were used to construct weighted genetic scores for BMI (GSBMI). Linear regression modeling was used to estimate the effect of gene-environment interactions on BMI for 131 lifestyle factors related to: dietary habits, smoking and alcohol consumption, physical activity, socioeconomic status, mental health, sleeping patterns, as well as female-specific factors such as menopause and childbirth. In total, 15 lifestyle factors were observed to interact with GSBMI, of which alcohol intake frequency, usual walking pace, and Townsend deprivation index, a measure of socioeconomic status, were all highly significant (p = 1.45*10-29, p = 3.83*10-26, p = 4.66*10-11, respectively). Interestingly, the frequency of alcohol consumption, rather than the total weekly amount resulted in a significant interaction. The FTO locus was the strongest single locus interacting with any of the lifestyle factors. However, 13 significant interactions were also observed after omitting the FTO locus from the genetic score. Our analyses indicate that many lifestyle factors modify the genetic effects on BMI with some groups of individuals having more than double the effect of the genetic score. However, the underlying causal mechanisms of gene-environmental interactions are difficult to deduce from cross-sectional data alone and controlled experiments are required to fully characterise the causal factors.
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| 616. |
- Rask-Andersen, Mathias, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study of body fat distribution identifies adiposity loci and sex-specific genetic effects
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2041-1723. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body mass and body fat composition are of clinical interest due to their links to cardiovascular- and metabolic diseases. Fat stored in the trunk has been suggested to be more pathogenic compared to fat stored in other compartments. In this study, we perform genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for the proportion of body fat distributed to the arms, legs and trunk estimated from segmental bio-electrical impedance analysis (sBIA) for 362,499 individuals from the UK Biobank. 98 independent associations with body fat distribution are identified, 29 that have not previously been associated with anthropometric traits. A high degree of sex-heterogeneity is observed and the effects of 37 associated variants are stronger in females compared to males. Our findings also implicate that body fat distribution in females involves mesenchyme derived tissues and cell types, female endocrine tissues as well as extracellular matrix maintenance and remodeling.
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| 617. |
- Rask-Andersen, Mathias, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Illuminating the 'healthy obese' phenotype
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Metabolism. - : Springer Nature. - 2522-5812. ; 5:2, s. 193-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Some individuals with obesity have a healthy metabolic profile and are not at increased risk for diabetes or cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms behind this phenomenon are poorly understood, but recent work now characterizes the biological underpinnings of the metabolically healthy obese phenotype.
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| 618. |
- Repetto, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic mechanisms of 184 neuro-related proteins in human plasma.
- 2023
-
Ingår i: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Understanding the genetic basis of neuro-related proteins is essential for dissecting the disease etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders and other complex traits and diseases. Here, the SCALLOP Consortium conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of over 12,500 individuals for 184 neuro-related proteins in human plasma. The analysis identified 117 cis-regulatory protein quantitative trait loci (cis-pQTL) and 166 trans-pQTL. The mapped pQTL capture on average 50% of each protein's heritability. Mendelian randomization analyses revealed multiple proteins showing potential causal effects on neuro-related traits as well as complex diseases such as hypertension, high cholesterol, immune-related disorders, and psychiatric disorders. Integrating with established drug information, we validated 13 combinations of protein targets and diseases or side effects with available drugs, while suggesting hundreds of re-purposing and new therapeutic targets for diseases and comorbidities. This consortium effort provides a large-scale proteogenomic resource for biomedical research.
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| 619. |
- Repetto, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Unraveling Neuro-Proteogenomic Landscape and Therapeutic Implications for Human Behaviors and Psychiatric Disorders.
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Nature Portfolio. - : Research Square Platform LLC.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Understanding the genetic basis of neuro-related proteins is essential for dissecting the molecular basis of human behavioral traits and the disease etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, the SCALLOP Consortium conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of over 12,500 individuals for 184 neuro-related proteins in human plasma. The analysis identified 117 cis-regulatory protein quantitative trait loci (cis-pQTL) and 166 trans-pQTL. The mapped pQTL capture on average 50% of each protein's heritability. Mendelian randomization analyses revealed multiple proteins showing potential causal effects on neuro-related traits such as sleeping, smoking, feelings, alcohol intake, mental health, and psychiatric disorders. Integrating with established drug information, we validated 13 out of 13 matched combinations of protein targets and diseases or side effects with available drugs, while suggesting hundreds of re-purposing and new therapeutic targets. This consortium effort provides a large-scale proteogenomic resource for biomedical research on human behaviors and other neuro-related phenotypes.
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| 620. |
- Revenäs, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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A randomized study of two physiotherapeutic approaches after kneeligament reconstruction
- 2009
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Ingår i: Advances in Physiotherapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1403-8196 .- 1651-1948. ; 11, s. 30-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about whether physiotherapeutic knee classes provide additional benefits in the rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). In the present randomized study, we compare the results of a hospital-based programme, Knee-class Therapy (KT), with an individual programme with limited physiotherapy appointments, Guided Therapy (GT), 6 and 12 months after knee surgery, in terms of function, activity level, muscle strength, knee-joint stability and knee-joint mobility. After ACLR, 24 patients were randomized to the KT group and 27 to the GT group. Fourteen patients in the KT group and 24 in the GT group completed the physiotherapy appointments as prescribed. At 6 months after surgery, the median Lysholm knee score was significantly higher in the KT group. At the 12-month follow-up, the GT group’s improvement in the Lysholm knee score was significantly greater than the KT group’s. Non-compliance was high in the KT group. The subgroup analysis of the non-compliers in the KT group showed that their improvement in the Lysholm knee score between 0 and 12 months was significantly greater than that of the KT group’s compliers. These results could indicate that an individual exercise programme with limited physiotherapy appointments might be as effective asphysiotherapeutic knee classes.
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