| 11. |
- Johansson, G. A., et al.
(författare)
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Compact soft x-ray reflectometer based on a line-emitting laser-plasma source
- 2001
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 72:1, s. 58-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe a compact soft x-ray reflectometer for in-house characterization of water-window multilayer optics. The instrument is based on a line-emitting, liquid-jet, laser-plasma source in combination with angular scanning of the studied multilayer optics. With a proper choice of target liquid and thin-film filters, one or a few lines of well-defined wavelength dominate the spectrum and multilayer periods are measured with an accuracy of 0.003 nm using a multi-line calibration procedure. Absolute reflectivity may also be estimated with the instrument. The typical measurement time is currently 10 min. Although the principles of the reflectometer may be used in the entire soft x-ray and extreme ultraviolet range, the current instrument is primarily directed towards normal-incidence multilayer optics for water-window x-ray microscopy, and is thus demonstrated on W/B4C multilayers for this wavelength range.
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| 12. |
- Kronqvist, M, et al.
(författare)
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A hypoallergenic derivative of the major allergen of the dust mite Lepidoglyphus destructor, Lep d 2.6Cys, induces less IgE reactivity and cellular response in the skin than recombinant Lep d 2
- 2001
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Ingår i: International archives of allergy and immunology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1018-2438 .- 1423-0097. ; 126:1, s. 41-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Background:</i> The major allergen of the dust mite<i> Lepidoglyphus destructor</i>, Lep d 2, has been produced as a recombinant allergen (rLep d 2) with IgE reactivity both in vivo and in vitro. A modified form of rLep d 2 (rLep d 2.6Cys) obtained by site-directed mutagenesis has been shown to have a reduced IgE reactivity in vitro. In this study we have compared the ability of rLep d 2 and rLep d 2.6Cys to elicit positive skin prick tests and cellular responses among<i> L. destructor</i>-sensitized subjects. <i>Methods:</i> Seventeen subjects were skin prick-tested with rLep d 2, rLep d 2.6Cys, histamine and negative controls and 17–20 h later skin biopsy specimens were taken from the skin prick-tested sites. The biopsy specimens were stained immunohistochemically for EG2+, CD3+, CD1a+, mast cell tryptase+, and IgE+ cells. Dermal cell infiltrates were judged in hematoxylin and eosin staining. Total IgE and allergen-specific IgE were determined by CAP-RAST. <i>Results:</i> Compared to rLep d 2, rLep d 2.6Cys induced significantly smaller and fewer skin prick test reactions (p < 0.001) and dermal cell infiltrates (p < 0.05). Further, rLep d 2.6Cys induced fewer EG2+ cells (p < 0.001) but more tryptase+ cells (p < 0.05) than rLep d 2. A positive RAST to rLep d 2 was obtained for 88.2% of the subjects, while only 35.2% displayed a positive RAST to rLep d 2.6Cys. <i>Conclusion:</i> This study demonstrates that rLep d 2.6Cys is less able to evoke IgE-mediated reactions and cellular responses, as measured both in skin and in serum, than rLep d 2. In the future this hypoallergenic derivative may be a promising candidate molecule for immunotherapy of <i>L. destructor</i>-allergic patients.
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| 13. |
- Vilsvik, J, et al.
(författare)
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Protection against cold air and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction while on regular treatment with Oxis
- 2001
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-3064 .- 0954-6111. ; 95:6, s. 484-490
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to compare the duration of protection against exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) after inhalation of formoterol (Oxis) Turbuhaler with that of terbutaline Turbuhaler and placebo Turbuhaler in asthmatic patients treated regularly with formoterol Turbuhaler 9 microg b.i.d. and inhaled steroids. The study. performed at three centres (Goteborg and Lund, Sweden, and Trondheim, Norway), consisted of an open-label part with formoterol Turbuhaler 9 microg b.i.d. and a randomized, double-blind, cross-over part with a single dose (on top of the regular treatment) of either formoterol Turbuhaler 9 microg, terbutaline Turbuhaler 0.5 mg or placebo Turbuhaler. The patients attended the clinic six times: twice for screening visits, three times for randomized treatment and once for a follow-up visit. Patients received regular b.i.d. treatment with formoterol 9 microg for a mean period of 16 days. Formoterol gave a post-exercise fall of 12, 10, 15 and 17% in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) 15 min, 4, 8 and 12 h after inhalation. The differences compared with placebo (falls of 26, 22, 23 and 22%) and terbutaline (falls of 17, 18, 22 and 22%) were all statistically significant (P<0.05 for all comparisons). Patients on regular treatment with formoterol Turbuhaler 9 microg b.i.d. have a significant protection against EIB up to 12 h after inhalation of formoterol 9 microg. The protection was also significantly better than that of terbutaline Turbuhaler 0.5 mg.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Eriksson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced soft x-ray reflectivity of Cr/Sc multilayers by ion assisted sputter deposition
- 2001
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. ; 4506, s. 84-92
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cr/Sc multilayers have been grown on Si substrates using DC magnetron sputtering. The multilayers are intended as condenser mirrors in a soft x-ray microscope operating at the wavelength 3.374 nm. They were designed for normal reflection of the first and second order with multilayer periods of 1.692 nm and 3.381 nm, and layer thickness ratios of 0.471 and 0.237, respectively. At-wavelength soft x-ray reflectivity measurements were carried out using a reflectometer with a compact soft x-ray laser-plasma source. The multilayers were irradiated during growth with Ar ions, varying both in energy (9-113 eV) and flux, in order to stimulate the ad-atom mobility and improve the interface flatness. It was found that to obtain a maximum soft x-ray reflectivity with a low flux (Cr=0.76, Sc=2.5) of Ar ions a rather high energy of 53 eV was required. Such energy also caused intermixing of the layers. By the use of a solenoid surrounding the substrate, the arriving ion-to-metal flux ratio could be increased 10 times and the ion energy could be decreased. A high flux (Cr=7.1, Sc=23.1) of low energy (9 eV) Ar ions founded the most favourable growth condition in order to limit the intermixing with a subsistent surface flatness.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Larsson, Peter, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Wireless communications system with detection of foreign radiation sources
- 2001
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Patent (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- NOVELTY - Involves enabling one node in the system to function as a central node which can make measurements on a frequency in a frequency band used by the system. The measurements detect if a frequency is being used by a transmitter foreign to the system. USE - For use in a wireless communications system with several broadcasting nodes e.g. Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). ADVANTAGE - Enables WLAN to detect if e.g. nearby radar system transmitter is using same frequency and to take necessary steps if so. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The measurement is enabled by the central node transmitting a message to other nodes in the system. The message is predefined within the system as a message prohibiting all nodes from transmitting during a certain interval. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the signaling used when making measurements according to the method.
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| 18. |
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