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113. |
- Rodrigo Blomqvist, Sandra, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Distal renal tubular acidosis in mice that lack the forkhead transcription factor Foxi1.
- 2004
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Ingår i: The Journal of clinical investigation. - 0021-9738. ; 113:11, s. 1560-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While macro- and microscopic kidney development appear to proceed normally in mice that lack Foxi1, electron microscopy reveals an altered ultrastructure of cells lining the distal nephron. Northern blot analyses, cRNA in situ hybridizations, and immunohistochemistry demonstrate a complete loss of expression of several anion transporters, proton pumps, and anion exchange proteins expressed by intercalated cells of the collecting ducts, many of which have been implicated in hereditary forms of distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA). In Foxi1-null mutants the normal epithelium with its two major cell types - principal and intercalated cells - has been replaced by a single cell type positive for both principal and intercalated cell markers. To test the functional consequences of these alterations, Foxi1(-/-) mice were compared with WT littermates in their response to an acidic load. This revealed an inability to acidify the urine as well as a lowered systemic buffer capacity and overt acidosis in null mutants. Thus, Foxi1(-/-) mice seem to develop dRTA due to altered cellular composition of the distal nephron epithelium, thereby denying this epithelium the proper gene expression pattern needed for maintaining adequate acid-base homeostasis.
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114. |
- Sandell, A, et al.
(författare)
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Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition of Anatase Titanium Dioxide on Si: Modifying the Interface by Pre-Oxidation.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Surface Science. - 0039-6028 .- 1879-2758. ; 530:1-2, s. 63-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The formation of TiO2 films on clean and pre-oxidized Si(1 1 1) through chemical vapor deposition of titanium(IV) isopropoxide (TTIP) in ultra-high vacuum has been examined by synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and scanning tunneling microscopy. In both cases, TTIP deposition at 500 °C eventually results in an anatase TiO2 film with a carbon-free surface and the surface morphology of the anatase films is very similar. By using a novel way of combining photoemission and XAS data, it is demonstrated that the two situations have substantially different interfacial properties. Pre-oxidation of the surface at 500 °C passivates the surface so that the thickness of the amorphous TiSixOy interface layer decreases from 30–35 to 15–25 Å and eliminates the formation of interfacial carbon completely.
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